PSYC 362 #6

Parents stereotypes lead them to make different attributions for girls and boys success in different subject areas. For example:

"Parents are more likely to attribute boys success in math to talent (an internal, stable attribution) and girls success in math to effort (an internal, unstable attribution) "

"Interdependence is a broad term including a relational and collective component. Women are more likely to emphasize the ____________ aspect, whereas men are more likely to emphasize the _____________aspect."

"relational, collective"

A meta-analysis of sex comparisons in self-esteem found:

A small difference in favor of males with the largest sex difference emerging during adolescence.

The Achievement Motive is:

A stable personality characteristic that reflects the tendency to strive for success.

The best explanation for the theory of stereotype threat which suggests that the salience of stereotypes may have a negative impact on performance is that:

Activating the stereotype increases the pressure on individuals during performance - a pressure that arises due to fears of confirming the stereotype.

Female 12th-graders who aimed to pursue traditionally masculine fields but switched to neutral or feminine fields 7 years later tended to give which of the following reasons.

All of the above

The theory that achievement-related choices are a function of our expectancy for success and our value of the area is called:

Expectancy/value model of achievement.

"Women invest in the broader social structure and embed themselves in larger groups, and men orient themselves toward a small number of relationships."

FALSE

Teacher expectations have been shown to have minimal effects on student performance.

FALSE

"Horner noted that women did not have the Achievement Motive, but rather a:"

Fear of success.

"According to the Expectancy/Value Model of Achievement, performance expectancies and values are influenced by: "

Gender-role socialization and experiences.

Men are more likely to discount negative feedback:

In an effort to protect their self-esteem.

"From elementary school through graduate school, teachers:"

Interact more with boys than girls and give boys better feedback than girls.

The sense of self based on connection to others is:

Interdependent self-construal.

A cause assigned to a behavior that originates within the person is called a(n):

Internal attribution.

Sex-differences in self-confidence:

Seem to be limited to masculine tasks.

The tendency to assign internal attributions for success and external attributions for failure is a(n):

Self-serving bias

The cause for a behavior that does not change over time is called a(n):

Stable attribution

The theory that activating the female stereotype hinders womens performance is called:

Stereotype threat.

Females are concerned that attaining high levels of achievement will have social costs.

TRUE

Stereotype threat may interfere with performance by reducing cognitive capacity.

TRUE

Women are more responsive to feedback than men because they find the feedback to be more informative about their abilities.

TRUE

It is possible that the effects of a stereotype threat may be nullified by:

Teaching people about it.

When females have a high need for achievement but believe achievement conflicts with their gender role they might:

Tell their peers that they scored lower on an exam than they really did.

The requirement for a fear of success is:

The person must associate achievement with negative consequences.

"The cause for a behavior that may change with time, day, or place is a(n):"

Unstable attribution.

"When defining oneself, men maintain an ______________self-construal; women, by contrast, maintain a(n) ______________ self-construal."

independent; interdependent