Psyc Ch 12 Emotion Stress Health

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After John's stroke, his family noticed he was depressed and had difficulty showing positive emotions. This was contrary to the easy-going, positive characteristics he formerly displayed. According to Eddie Harmon-Jones, the stroke was probably located in the_____ frontal lobe

James-Lange Theory:

Arousal Comes Before Emotion

The Cannon-Bard theory of emotion suggests that we experience emotion:

Arousal and Emotion Occur Simultaneously

we feel sorry because we cry

But to pioneering psychologist William James, this commonsense view of emotion had things backwards.

According to the _____ two-factor theory of emotion, the correct sequence of events when a car drives directly toward us and we experience emotion is: see an oncoming car; heart pounds and, at the same time, the arousal is cognitively labeled; experience fear.

Schachter-Singer

How do the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system affect our emotional responses?

The sympathetic division of the ANS arouses us for more intense experiences of emotion, pumping out the stress hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine to prepare our body for fight or flight. The parasympathetic division of the ANS takes over when a crisis passes, restoring our body to a calm physiological and emotional state

walter Cannon

Who suggested that very similar physiological reactions are associated with a variety of different emotions?

Research by Robert Zajonc and Joseph LeDoux implies that some emotional responses involve no conscious thought. Which of the following is an example of this?

You see a snake and experience fear, even if you know the snake is harmless.

Professor Crane was ecstatic when he learned that his research study was approved for publication. However, his joyful feelings quickly dissipated when he heard his colleague recently had three different research articles approved for publication. His declining emotional satisfaction is best explained by the relative _____ principle

deprivation

The ingredients of emotion include:

expressive behavior and conscious experience.

If people wrinkle their noses in disgust when presented with a strange-looking food, they are likely to experience an increasingly intense emotional aversion to the food. This best illustrates the:

facial feedback effect

Which of the following facial expressions is one of the supposed six basic facial expressions of emotions?

fear

From their study of 254 identical and fraternal twins, David Lykken and Auke Tellegen (1996) estimated that 50 percent of the difference among people's happiness ratings is attributable to _____.

genetics

Dr. Harper is studying the effects of HIV awareness campaigns and the reduction of new HIV cases within the Latino population of a major city. He is examining what is effective to stem the tide in this high-risk area of the city. He is also looking at medication compliance and wellness examinations. He is a:

health psychologist.

Your friend is going through a romantic break-up. You really do not understand the reason for the break-up. According to Katherine Vaughan and John Lanzetta, you could _____ her facial expressions to increase your empathy with her situation.

mimic

Chronic stress has been associated with all of the following EXCEPT:

optimism

Aerobic exercise increases the body's production of _____ and increases its production of endorphins.

serotonin

According to the Cannon-Bard theory, (a) our physiological response to a stimulus (for example, a pounding heart), and (b) the emotion we experience (for example, fear) occur __________ (simultaneously/sequentially). According to the James-Lange theory, (a) and (b) occur __________ (simultaneously/sequentially)

simultaneously; sequentially (first the physiological response, and then the experienced emotion)

The arousal that lingers after an intense argument may intensify sexual passion. This best illustrates:

spill over effect

Attempting to alleviate stress directly by avoiding or ignoring a _____, and attending to emotional needs related to one's stress reaction, is known as emotion-focused coping

stressor

two factor theory

the Schachter-Singer theory that to experience emotion one must (1) be physically aroused and (2) cognitively label the arousal. (p. 461)

Emotion researchers have disagreed about whether emotional responses occur in the absence of cognitive processing. How would you characterize the approach of each of the following researchers: Zajonc, LeDoux, Lazarus, Schachter, and Singer?

Zajonc and LeDoux suggested that we experience some emotions without any conscious, cognitive appraisal. Lazarus, Schachter, and Singer emphasized the importance of appraisal and cognitive labeling in our experience of emotion.

emotion

a response of the whole organism, involving (1) physiological arousal, (2) expressive behaviors, and (3) conscious experience.

Jim has been taking medication and going to psychotherapy to treat his depressive symptoms. Which of the following would you also recommend to enhance his treatment?

aerobic excersize

The instantaneous and automatic fear response people experience when unexpectedly stumbling upon a snake illustrates the importance of the:

amygdala

The interdisciplinary field of _____ integrates behavioral and medical knowledge, and applies this knowledge to health and disease.

behavioral medicine

The subfield of alternative medicine that employs plant and plant products for pharmacological use is called _____based medicine.

biologically

T lymphocytes are to the thymus as B-lymphocytes are to the _____.

bone marrow

Type A personality is to Type B personality as irritable is to _____.

calm

The irritability and abrasiveness of Type A people, combined with high cholesterol, can:

cause altered heart rhythms that can lead to a heart attack.

According to Schachter and Singer, two factors lead to our experience of an emotion: (1) physiological arousal and (2) __________ appraisal.

cognitive

The fight-or-flight response is associated with the release of _____ into the bloodstream.

epinephrine

People tend to use emotion-focused, rather than _____-focused, coping strategies when they believe they cannot change a stressful situation.

problem

The interdisciplinary field of behavioral medicine integrates the practice of physicians and_____.

psycologists

Perceived loss of control is associated with _____stress hormone levels and _____ immune response.

raised lowered

The perception that we are worse off than those with whom we compare ourselves to is known as:

relative deprivation

A lie detector is used to monitor a person's ____

respiration