Psyc chp 8

Identify ways to improve a teenager's body image.

Examin how teens who accept and embrace their bodies reason and think. Raising self efficacy and true self esteem.

Explore the emotional changes adolescents experience as they move through puberty.

Fear, pride, embarrasmwnr, excitement. Childrens reaction to puberty depend on the environment in wich they physically mature.

A coming of age ritual, usually beginning at some event such as first menstruation, held in traditional cultures to celebrate childrens transition to adulthood. "In traditional societies people might celebrate the changes in a coming of age ceremony"

puberty rite

Physical changes of puberty that are not directly involved in reproduction.

secondary sexual characteristics

A century-long decline in the average age at which children reach puberty in the developed world.

secular trend in puberty

A cultural code that gives men greater sexual freedom than women. Specifically, society expects males to want to have intercourse and expects females to remain virgins until they marry and to be more interested in relationships than in having sex.

sexual double standard

A boys first ejaculation of live sperm.

spermarche

The hormone responsible for the maturation of the organs of reproduction and other signs of puberty in men, and for hair and skin changes during puberty and for sexual desire in both sexes.

testosterone (testes)

Media-driven cultural idea that females need to be abnormally thin.

thin ideal

A girls first menstruation.

menarche

Discuss the implications for males and females of being either an early or late maturer.

Females - get worse grades in 6th or 7th grade. By their 20 they are less likely to graduate from highschool. More likely to have intercourse at a younger age. Are more apt to feel bad about themselves. Late- more prone to fit the tall ultra slim model shape. But when a child has close relationship with their parents, strong religius values, and dosent get involved with older "at risk" friends, her puberty timetable will not matter at all.

Explain how predictions are made about whether or not a child will reach puberty at an early age.

Genetics- if the parents reached puberty at an early age. Ethnicity - Asian americans tend to be behind in puberty while african americans are ahead. Weight gain- gaining weight rapidly during their first year of life can indicate early puberty. Life stresses- having stress and family problems (insecure attachment) increases the chances on reaching puberty at an early age.

The main hormonal system programming puberty; it involves a triggering hypothalamic hormone that causes the pituitary to secrete its hormones, which in turn cause the ovaries and testes to develop and secrete the hormones that produce the major body changes.

HPG axis

Identify the hormonal changes of puberty that begin in middle childhood with the adrenal glands' production of adrenal androgens and continue with bodily changes, including the production of estrogens and testosterone.

Hormonal changes that adrenal androgens produce are: pubic hair development, skin changes, body odor, first feelings of sexual desire. Estrogens produce females changing shape by causing the hips to widen and the uterus and breasts to enlarge; they set in motion the cycle of reproduction, stimulating the ovaries to produce eggs. Testosterone causes the penis to lenghthen, promotes the growth of facial and body hair and is responsible for a dramatic increase in muscle mass and other internal masculine changes. Boys and girls both produce estrogens and testosterone.

Understand the secular trend in puberty, in which menarche and spermarche occur at much younger ages, that has magnified the gap between puberty and full adulthood.

In the 1860s the average age of menarche (first menstruation) in northern Europe was over 17. In the 1960s in the developed world, it dropped to under 13. The male signal of fertility, spermarche, or first ejaculation of live sperm, is a hidden event. Trough the mid twentieth century the age of puberty has also been declining.

Recognize the pressing issue of human sexuality in adolescents' lives.

It is the physical changes of puberty and how outsiders react to those changes thats usher us fully into our lives as sexual human beings.

Understand the arguments of those for and against sex education in the schools.

Many sex education courses in the US focus on urging teens to "just say no" researches demonstrate that abstinence programs dont work. What seemed more effective are comprehensive programs that teach about contraception and specially those that give young people the emotional tools to make their own sexual choices.

Describe the differences in male and female puberty timetables.

Overweight girls reach puberty earlier while overweight males dont. Girls tend to go trough puberty earlier than males. I female high spurt can start at age 9 while males start at 10. Boys reach puberty two years later than girls.

Explore ways that parents can help minimize an adolescent's puberty distress.

Parents need to discuss what is happening with a same sex child by begining the discussion when the child is at an early age when talking is emotionally easier and before the actual changes happen. Fathers need to talk about puberty with their sons. Parents of early maturing daughters should get their child involved in positive activities with friends of their own age and pick the best school environment.

Describe the physical transition of young boys to young men and young girls to young women, in particular, the appearance of primary and secondary sexual characteristics.

Primary - refers to body changes directly involved in reproduction; the growth of the penis and menstruation. Secondary - the label for the hundreds of other changes that accompany puberty, such as breast development, the growth of pubic hair, voice changes, and alterations in the texture of the skin.

Understand the increase in risk-taking behavior as adolescents go through puberty.

Specially girls, they tend to choose friends that are like them, they make friends qith girls and guys that are older. They tend to do adult activities like smoking and drinking.

Physical changes of puberty that directly involve the organs of reproduction, such as the growth of the penis and the onset of menstruation.

primary sexual characteristics

The hormonal and physical changes by which children become sexually mature human beings and reach their adult height.

puberty

Have a more accurate understanding of who is having intercourse during adolescence.

The average of first intercourse is 17 but about 1 in 10 girls and 1 in 7 boys make their sexual debut by age 15. Being on an earlier timetable, ethnicity and SES also matter. Personality makes a difference, having a risk taking personality plus low social self worth. Role of peers, and what they watch on tv or reads.

Understand the importance of culture and history when considering puberty as a rite of passage.

The consideration of puberty was depending on the culture. Starting puberty meant becoming an adult for many cultures, in witch they had to face different challenges and rituals in order to show that they were adults. In traditional societies people celebrate the changes in coming of age ceremony (puberty rite).

Hormones produced by the adrenal glands that program various aspects of puberty, such as growth of body hair, skin changes, and sexual desire.

adrenal androgens

A potentially life-threatening eating disorder characterized by pathological dieting (resulting in severe weight loss and, in females, loss of menstruation) and by a distorted body image.

anorexia nervosa Most serious eating disorder! Dangerous life threatening disease.

An eating disorder characterized by at least biweekly cycles of binging and purging (by inducing vomiting or taking laxatives) in an obsessive attempt to lose weight.

bulimia nervosa Not as life threatening because a persons weight often stays within a normal range.

A pathological obsession with getting and staying thin. The two best-known eating disorders are anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.

eating disorder

The sex organs the ovaries in girls and the testes in boys.

gonads

A dramatic increase in height and weight that occurs during puberty. "The first sign of puberty in girls"

growth spurt