psyc exam 2
B.
Anasophia binges on chocolates, then induces vomiting, and then swallows laxatives. Anasophia probably suffers from ________ nervosa. A)anorexia B)bulimia C)leptin deficiency D)Prader-Willi
B.
Antipsychotic drugs, such as Haldol, are used to treat all of the following except________. A)auditory hallucinations B)manic episodes C)paranoia D)visual hallucinations
B.
Apollonia was diagnosed with major depressive disorder five years ago. She knows her mother took medicine to combat depression and she worries her daughter will experience depression too. Why? A)Apollonia also suffers from social anxiety disorder. B)Mood disorders are more likely to occur in younger people. C)Mood disorders have been shown to have a strong genetic and biological basis. D)People who grow up with a depressed parent become depressed themselves.
D.
During Jean Piaget's ________ stage, the world is experienced through senses and actions. A)concrete operational B)formal operational C)preoperational D)sensorimotor
D.
During the therapist's first meeting with the client, called ________, the therapist gathers specific information to address the client's immediate needs. A)admission B)analysis C)counseling D)intake
C.
ECT stands for ________. A)easy classical treatment B)economy, cognition, tokens C)electroconvulsive therapy D)extra conditioning therapy
A.
Early maturing girls are ________. A)at a higher risk of depression, substance abuse, and eating disorders B)less likely to drop out of high school C)more confident D)more likely to go to college
D.
Ego identity is our ________. A)early personality B)nature C)primary character D)sense of self
C.
Ehab is a high school science teacher. He recently received a Teacher of the Year award for his district, but he believes he only received it because no one else bothered to apply for it. He is a popular teacher, but he is convinced the students only pretend to like him so they will get better grades. What aspect of job burnout does this exemplify? A)alarm B)depersonalization C)diminished personal accomplishment D)exhaustion
D.
Elaborative rehearsal involves ________. A)immediately applying new information to a practical problem B)organizing information into manageable bits or chunks C)sleeping immediately after learning new information to allow your mind to process it D)thinking about the meaning of the new information and its relation to knowledge already stored in your memory
a.
In operant conditioning, ________ is when something is removed to increase the likelihood of a behavior. A)negative reinforcement B)positive reinforcement C)punishment D)punishment reinforcement
C.
In order to overcome an eating disorder, Sevilla's therapist works to change her cognitive distortions and self-defeating behaviors by helping her learn to identify such behaviors. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify? A)aversion therapy B)classical conditioning C)cognitive-behavioral therapy D)free association
C.
Ingrid is energized by being alone, speaks slowly and softly, and avoids attention. Carl Jung would call her a(an) ________. A)extrovert B)humanist C)introvert D)neo-Freudian
D.
Is anger suppression or anger expression a more effective approach for coping with racism? A)Research clearly shows neither approach is effective. B)Research shows anger expression is more effective. C)Research shows anger suppression is more effective. D)Some research shows anger suppression is more effective while other research shows anger expression is more effective.
D.
Joffrey talks and moves slowly. When asked a question, he answers slowly in monotone monosyllables, if he answers at all. Joffrey is experiencing psychomotor________. A)agitation B)deprivation C)disorder D)retardation
D.
Which of the following statements about eyewitness testimony is correct? A)Eyewitness testimony is always reliable. B)Eyewitness testimony is never reliable. C)Eyewitness testimony is reliable for events that do not involve crime. D)Eyewitness testimony is vulnerable to the power of suggestion.
A.
A high-stress job, overcrowding, and long commutes to work are examples of the way some psychologists conceptualize stress as a ________. A)demanding or threatening event or situation B)relatively minor irritation C)result of physiological changes D)ubiquitous presence in our lives
A.
A panic disorder is a type of ________disorder characterized by panic attacks, along with at least one month of worry about panic attacks or self-defeating behavior related to the attacks. A)anxiety B)generalized C)safety D)social
C.
A person's ________ rate is the amount of energy she expends in a given period of time. A)calorie B)leptin C)metabolic D)satiation
C.
A school counselor leads a support group for children whose parents have AIDS. The counselor focuses on defining AIDS, discussing treatment and side effects of treatment, and how the children can develop coping mechanisms. This exemplifies ________. A)biomedical therapy B)play therapy C)psycho-educational treatment D)rational-emotive therapy (RET)
A.
A stressor is likely to be appraised as a threat when someone ________. A)anticipates that it could lead to some kind of harm, loss, or other negative consequence B)believes it is a threat C)believes that it carries the potential for gain or personal growth D)experiences the physical responses subjectively defined as the fear response
D.
A(an) ________ begins as a one-cell structure that is created when a sperm and egg merge. A)embryo B)placenta C)protean D)zygote
A.
A(n) ________ attack is often triggered by environmental factors, such as air pollution, allergens, cigarette smoke, airway infections, cold air or a sudden change in temperature, and exercise. A)asthma B)cardiovascular C)heart D)stress
C.
According to Abraham Maslow, the highest need is ________. A)good parenting B)love C)self-actualization D)self-efficacy
B.
According to Albert Bandura, ________. A)Fear is a conditioned response. B)Learning can occur by watching others and modeling what they do or say. C)Learning is the result of reinforcing desired behavior at fixed intervals. D)Organisms cannot learn if they do not receive immediate reinforcement.
C.
According to Jean Piaget, in what stage do children begin to use language? A)concrete operational B)formal operational C)preoperational D)sensorimotor
B.
According to research, the need for ________ encourages Adam to engage politely with his coworkers. A)achievement B)affiliation C)intimacy D)power
B.
According to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), in 2008, ________ of adults received treatment for a mental health issue. A)5% B)13.4% C)20.9% D)50.3%
D.
An archetype is a ________. A)balance of opposing forces within one's personality B)collective consciousness C)feeling that one lacks worth and doesn't measure up to the standards of others or of society D)pattern that exists in our collective unconscious across cultures and societies
A.
Balancing, running, and jumping are all examples of ________ motor skills. A)fine B)gross C)moving D)physical
A.
Breach of confidentiality is a greater risk in ________ therapy. A)group B)humanistic C)individual D)play
C.
Carl Jung referred to the ________ as the mask we adopt. A)id B)ideal self C)persona D)superego
D.
Children whose parents have an authoritarian parenting style can be ________. A)anxious, withdrawn, and unhappy B)creative, moody, and flexible C)disorganized, undisciplined, and sloppy D)quiet, shy, humble
A.
Classical and operant conditioning are forms of ________ learning. A)associational B)instinctive C)processual D)reflexive
B.
Cole spends a few weeks being treated for major depressive disorder. He eventually stops exhibiting symptoms, but a few months later they reoccur. Once again the symptoms dissipate, but a few months later they reoccur. Cole's major depressive disorder is ________? A)asymptomatic B)episodic C)limited in duration to a few weeks D)reoccurring every few months
A.
Dan avoids applying to college because he doubts he can succeed. He is working a retail job, but he tends to focus on the things he does wrong. In fact, he has almost no confidence in his abilities, and when he experiences a setback at work he is ready to quit. Albert Bandura would say Dan has ________. A)low self-efficacy B)malfunctioning cognitive processes C)no context D)vicarious learning
C.
Deinstitutionalization refers to the ________. A)decriminalization of patients B) medicalization of patients C)process of closing large asylums D)treatment of those on parole and probation
D.
Diondre harbors the belief that spider eggs have been implanted underneath his fingernails. What kind of delusion is this? A)disorganized B)grandiose C)paranoid D)somatic
A)
Doug is an emergency room nurse in a large, underfunded, public hospital. Lately, he finds himself assuming that the patients he sees are just trying to get free drugs to feed an addiction. Just yesterday a little boy was brought in with a broken arm, and Doug found that he was completely indifferent to the boy's pain. What aspect of job burnout does this exemplify? A)depersonalization B)diminished personal accomplishment C)exhaustion D)resistance
A.
Dr. Bronson treats anxiety disorders with Xanax, which exemplifies ________ therapy. A)biomedical B)cognitive C)humanistic D)RET
C.
Empty stomachs contract, causing both hunger pangs and the secretion of chemical messages that travel to the brain to serve as a signal to initiate feeding behavior. This is an example of ________. A)a genetic disorder that results in persistent feelings of intense hunger and reduced rates of metabolism B)binge eating behavior that is followed by an attempt to compensate for the large amount of food consumed C)how physiological mechanisms serve as the basis for hunger D)the amount of energy that is expended in a given period of time
A.
Etiology is another word for ________. A)causes B)conditions C)forms D)psychopathology
A.
Exposure therapy is a ________ technique. A)classical conditioning B)counterconditioning C)free association D)psychodynamic
B.
For Burt, who has claustrophobia, a small dark room creates a small amount of fear, a stairwell creates a bit more fear, and an elevator creates the most fear. Burt's therapist induces deep relaxation and asks him to imagine a small dark room. Gradually, they will work up to having Burt imagine being in an elevator. What aspect of exposure therapy is this? A)dream analysis B)stimulus hierarchy C)virtual hierarchy D)virtual reality exposure
A.
For many in the baby-boom generation, the Kennedy assassination represents a ________, an exceptionally clear recollection of an important event. A)flashbulb memory B)flashpoint C)hyperthymesia D)sensory memory
B.
Frances receives one dollar for every pound of worms she gives her grandfather. Which reinforcement schedule is this? A)fixed interval B)fixed ratio C)variable interval D)variable ratio
B.
Greg is 5 feet three inches tall and weighs 260 pounds. Greg is ________. A)normal B)obese C)overweight D)underweight
D.
Guidance, encouragement, acceptance, emotional comfort, and tangible assistance are all examples of ________. A)eustress B)happiness C)health D)social support
C.
How are the principles of reciprocal determinism present in observational learning? A)An individual's behavior is determined by the environment. B)Cognitive processes depend on imitation. C)Personal factors determine which behaviors in the environment a person chooses to imitate. D)The environment determines which personal factors a person chooses to observe.
D.
How can a study that involves exposing people to live viruses demonstrate a link between stress and impaired immune function? A)Stress makes a person less likely to volunteer for a psychological study, so the people involved in the study should be less likely to get sick. B)Stress makes a person more likely to believe they are sick, so people with high stress levels should be more likely to report getting sick. C)Stress strengthens the immune system, so people with high stress levels should be less likely to get sick. D)Stress weakens the immune system, so people with high stress levels should be more likely to get sick.
D.
How can we use conversion therapy to change someone's sexual orientation? A)We can apply the principles of the Yerkes-Dodson law to change the motivation for sexual orientation. B)We can follow the guidelines provided by Dr. Spitzer. C)We can use the James-Lange theory to change cognitions and emotions associated with the sexual orientation we wish to change. D)We cannot change someone's sexual orientation because it is a relatively stable characteristic of a person that cannot be changed.
D.
How long does psychoanalysis typically take? A)months B)one week of intensive sessions C)weeks D)years
A.
I am trying to learn the names of all 50 states. While I am actively remembering and recalling this information, it is considered ________. A)explicit memory B)implicit memory C)procedural memory D)sensory memory
A.
If I am looking at a snake and processing the fear caused by the snake, what part of my brain am I using? A)amygdala B)cerebellum C)hippocampus D)prefrontal cortex
B.
If you suggest that smiling can make someone feel happier, then you believe the ________. A)cognitive mediational theory B)facial feedback hypothesis C)James-Lange theory of emotion D)set point theory
D.
In classical conditioning, the association that is learned is between a ________. A)conditioned stimulus and an unconditioned response B)neutral response and a conditioned response C)neutral stimulus and a neutral response D)neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus
A.
Karen Horney suggested ways in which people typically cope with day-to-day problems. According to Horney, these strategies could ________ if used rigidly and compulsively. A)become neurotic strategies B)lose their effectiveness C)result in a complete mental breakdown D)result in obsessive-compulsive behavior
B.
Keegan is a police officer. She was recently placed on administrative leave because she was shot during an armed robbery. Since the shooting, she can't stop thinking about how it felt to be shot, she is often angry with her husband, she jumps when she hears a loud noise, and she takes a 15 minute detour when driving home to avoid the neighborhood where it happened. Keegan probably suffers from ________. A)physiological stressors related to her shooting B)posttraumatic stress disorder C)prolonged exposure to cortisol D)the exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome
A.
Late maturing boys are ________. A)at a higher risk of depression B)less likely to experience conflict with parents C)less likely to participate in high school athletics D)more likely to participate in extracurricular activities
B.
Learning that occurs but is not observable in behavior until there is a reason to demonstrate it is called ________ learning. A)conditioned B)latent C)partial D)primary
B.
Learning that occurs while watching others and then imitating, or modeling, what they do or say is called ________ learning. A)latent B)observational C)Pavlovian D)vicarious
D.
Lexi cannot control her impulses to pull out her hair. Her friend Paul suggests that she see a therapist and Lexi agrees. She gets a referral from her primary care physician for a therapist and begins seeing Dr. Clark four times a month. What kind of treatment does this describe? A)classical conditioning B)electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) C)involuntary D)voluntary
B.
Madeline is seven months old. Her mother is eating a cookie and Madeline wants some. Her mother hides the cookie under a napkin, but Madeline is not fooled. She knows the cookie is still there. What does this exemplify? A)egocentrism B)object permanence C)reversibility D)stranger anxiety
B.
Motivation describes the wants or needs that direct behavior toward a goal. In the following sentence, what is the motivation? Sheila wants to complete a marathon so she buys new running shoes and spends every day timing how long it takes her to run the high school track. A)buying new running shoes B)completing a marathon C)running the high school track D)timing how long it takes to run the track
C.
Nathan has an overinflated and unjustified sense of self-importance. He is preoccupied with fantasies of success and believes that he is entitled to special treatment from others. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Nathan's personality? A)borderline personality disorder B)histrionic personality disorder C)narcissistic personality disorder D)schizotypal personality disorder
A.
Nicole is socially inhibited and oversensitive to negative evaluation. She was thinking about a career in nursing, but she changed her mind because she believes the doctors would criticize her and patients would reject her. She has never been on a date because she feels socially inept and unappealing; she avoids meeting new people because anything less than immediate, unconditional acceptance causes her anxiety. Just yesterday she was invited to go on a kayak trip, but she didn't go because she was worried she would embarrass herself. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Nicole's personality? A)avoidant personality disorder B)dependent personality disorder C)obsessive-compulsive personality disorder D)schizotypal personality disorder
B.
Ocean Therapy involves group discussion and ________. A)aversion therapy B)learning how to surf C)sensory deprivation D)swimming with dolphins
B.
What is the emphasis in humanistic therapy? A)client's early infancy B)client's present and future C)client's recent past D)client's unconscious desires
A.
People may not intend to distort facts, but ________. A)it can happen in the process of retrieving old memories and combining them with new memories B)other people will influence bystanders to change details in their short term memory C)people are unreliable and don't pay attention, so they make things up D)research proves it always happens when the event is unimportant
D.
Remembering ________ is a good example of episodic memory. A)how a hamburger tastes even though you have never tasted it yourself B)how to use the microwave C)what the word January means D)your first day of school
C.
Remembering ________ is a good example of semantic memory. A)how a fruit tastes even though you have never tasted it yourself B)how to play the piano C)what the word chocolate means D)your most recent visit to the dentist
C.
Repeated drug use and/or alcohol use after a period of improvement from substance abuse is called ________. A)addiction B)comorbidity C)relapse D)reversion
B.
Self-efficacy is ________. A)a state of being in which our thoughts about our real and ideal selves are very similar B)our level of confidence in our own abilities C)the belief that one's environment can determine behavior D)the belief that we have power over our lives
A.
Self-worth, accomplishment, and confidence represent the ________ level of needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs. A)esteem B)physiological C)security D)self-actualization
B.
Sweating and shivering are responses created due to internal temperature fluctuations, and they are designed to bring the body back into ________. A)alignment B)homeostasis C)locus D)neutral
B.
The ________ Concerning Blacks Test is a projective test designed to be culturally relevant to African-Americans, using images that relate to African-American culture. A)Contemporary Stereotypes B)Contemporized-Themes C)Cultural Themes D)Thematic Subjects
A.
The ________ complex and the central ________ are both part of the amygdala A)basolateral; nucleus B)James-Lange; basal C)neuro; hippocampus D)Schachter; neurotransmitter
A.
The ________ personality is anxious, self-conscious, artistic, thoughtful, quiet, and private. A)ectomorph B)endomorph C)mesomorph D)somatomorph
A.
The ________ perspective suggests that psychological disorders result largely from faulty physical processes, and the ________perspective emphasizes the importance of factors such as stress and thoughts as well as environmental factors in the development of psychological disorders. A)biological; psychological B)diathesis; supernatural C)medical; stress D)psychological; biological
C.
The ________ uses images and storytelling that relate to Hispanic culture. A)Five Factor Model B)Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) C)TEMAS Multicultural Thematic Apperception Test D)Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
B.
The concept of perceived control refers to ________. A)attitudes regarding the desirability of control B)beliefs about the capacity to influence and shape outcomes in our lives C)beliefs about the nature of predestination D)the ability to identify who is controlling their decisions
B.
The continuous development approach views development as a ________. A)biological imperative B)cumulative process C)series of accidents D)unique progress
C.
The encoding of words and their meaning is known as ________ encoding. A)acoustic B)effortful C)semantic D)visual
A.
The primary therapeutic orientation used in couples counseling is ________. A)cognitive-behavioral therapy B)electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) C)strategic family therapy D)structural family therapy
C.
The relaxation response technique is a stress reduction technique that combines elements of relaxation and ________. A)eustress B)intervention C)meditation D)reaction
C.
The satiety hormone is called ________. A)estrogen B)Klonopin C)leptin D)testosterone
B.
What is the main idea of drive theory? A)achieving homeostasis requires increasing the metabolic rate B)deviations from homeostasis create physiological needs C)failure to achieve homeostasis results in poor cognition
B.
Theorists who view development as ________ believe that development takes place in unique stages. A)continuous B)discontinuous C)progressive D)regressive
A.
To maximize learning, a ________ should be presented on a(n) ________ schedule. A)CS + UCS; continuous B)CS + UCS; intermittent C)UCS alone; continuous D)UCS alone; intermittent
D.
Veena's thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors are impaired to the point where she is unable to function normally in life. She experiences significant difficulties in many day-to-day activities, such as holding a job, paying bills, grooming, maintaining personal hygiene, and sustaining relationships. Which of the following disorders is Veena living with? A)anxiety disorder B)borderline personality disorder C)major depressive disorder D)schizophrenia
B.
What are innate behaviors that are triggered by a broader range of events, such as aging and the change of seasons? A)conditions B)instincts C)operants D)reflexes
C.
What are the two components of declarative memory? A)implicit and explicit B)procedural and implicit C)semantic and episodic D)short-term and long-term
D.
What do obsessive-compulsive disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, and hoarding disorder have in common? A)conviction that the patient herself is the cause of many people's troubles B)generalized anxiety and specific phobias C)obsession with the suffering of others D)repetitive thoughts and urges, as well as an uncontrollable need to engage in repetitive behavior and mental acts
C.
What does nature refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate? A)cognitive capacity B)environment and culture C)genes and biology D)language acquisition
C.
What does research suggest about the comparative effectiveness of psychotherapeutic techniques? A)A meta-analysis suggests that psychodynamic psychoanalysis is the least effective approach. B)Data regarding the comparative effectiveness of psychotherapeutic techniques is unavailable. C)No studies have found one psychotherapeutic approach more effective than another. D)Research shows that cognitive-behavioral therapy is the most effective approach.
C.
What does the normative approach ask regarding the lifespan? A)What do people think about development? B)What is biological about development? C)What is normal development? D)Who decided what constituted normal development?
A.
What is a good example of acoustic encoding A)being able to hum the tune to a song even when you can't remember the lyrics B)dreaming about an airport and deciding to take a trip C)remembering the names of the Great Lakes with the acronym HOMES D)thinking about a bike you plan to buy and having the image of the bike appear in your mind
C.
What is episodic memory? A)information about events we have personally experienced B)knowledge about words, concepts, and language-based knowledge and facts C)storage of facts and events we have personally experienced D)type of implicit memory that stores information about how to do things
D.
What is procedural memory A)information about events we have personally experienced B)knowledge about words, concepts, and language-based knowledge and facts C)storage of facts and events we personally experienced D)type of implicit memory that stores information about how to do things
B.
What is semantic memory? A)information about events we have personally experienced B)knowledge about words, concepts, and language-based knowledge and facts C)storage of facts and events we personally experienced D)type of implicit memory that stores information about how to do things
D.
What is the developmental task of Erik Erikson's eighth stage of psychosocial development, in which an individual assesses and makes sense of her life and the meaning of her contributions? A)autonomy vs. shame/doubt B)generativity vs. stagnation C)identity vs. confusion D)integrity vs. despair
A.
What is the main idea of operant conditioning? A)Behavior is motivated by the consequences we receive for the behavior: reinforcements and punishments. B)Fear is a conditioned response. C)Learning can occur when a conditioned stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus. D)One can learn new behaviors by observing others.
C.
What is the main idea of the behavioral perspective on personality? A)Personality is formed solely in childhood. B)Personality is significantly shaped by the biology of the organism. C)Personality is significantly shaped by the reinforcements and consequences outside of the organism. D)Personality theory should be based on social health.
C.
What is the primary psychosocial milestone of childhood? A)confirming one's sexual orientation B)controlling the id C)developing a positive sense of self D)developing a secure attachment to a caregiver
D.
What kind of memory involves storage of brief events, such as sights, sounds, and tastes? A)effortful B)procedural C)recall D)sensory
C.
What kind of symptoms involves reflecting noticeable decreases and absences in certain behaviors, emotions, or drives? A)absentee B)invisible C)negative D)positive
A.
What type of memories do we consciously try to remember and recall? A)explicit memories B)implicit memories C)sensory memories D)short-term memories
C.
What was the primary finding of the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart? A)Fraternal twins have very similar personalities whether raised together or apart. B)Identical twins have very similar personality when raised together, but not when raised apart. C)Identical twins, whether raised together or apart, have very similar personalities. D)Twins of any kind have very similar personalities, regardless of where they are raised.
B.
When Imogene feels anxiety, she clings to her mother and father for affection and reassurance. What coping strategy is Imogene using? A)moving against people B)moving toward people C)reaction formation D)repression
A.
When an organism receives a reinforcer each time it displays a behavior, it is called________ reinforcement. A)continuous B)partial C)primary D)secondary
C.
When children develop theory-of-mind (TOM), they can recognize that ________. A)a pound of feathers weighs the same as a pound of dirt B)hidden objects are still there C)others have false beliefs D)what goes up must come down
A.
Which concept refers to the persistent difference in grades, test scores, and graduation rates that exist among students of different ethnicities, races, and sexes? A.achievement gap B.Bell curve C.attrition D.racism
C.
Which institutional setting replaced asylums in caring for the mentally ill? A)churches B)prisons C)psychiatric hospitals D)schools
B.
Which of the following defines antisocial personality disorder? A)instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and mood B)lack of regard for others' rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse over misdeeds C)overinflated and unjustified sense of self-importance D)pervasive need for perfectionism that interferes with the ability to complete tasks
C.
Which of the following examples accurately reflects the Yerkes-Dodson law? A)A high level of arousal will lead to optimal performance when creating a bomb. B)A high level of arousal will lead to optimal performance when dusting the house. C)A low level of arousal will lead to optimal performance when disarming a bomb. D)A low level of arousal will lead to optimal performance when vacuuming the house.
A.
Which of the following exemplifies extrinsically motivated behavior? A)babysitting your younger brother in order to receive your parents' approval B)dating an abusive partner because you believe you don't deserve good treatment C)jerking your hand back from a hot burner D)mowing your elderly neighbor's lawn because you believe it is the right thing to do
D.
Which of the following experiments involves the use of operant conditioning?A)blindfolding someone and timing him to see how long it takes him to estimate the size of a room B)determining how long it takes someone to learn how to fish if he is only allowed to watch other people fishing C)pairing a puff of air to the eye with seeing the color red in order to find out how many repetitions it will take for someone to blink when he sees the color red D)rewarding a child for finishing his oatmeal mush and counting how many times the child needs to be rewarded before he finishes his oatmeal voluntarily
B.
Which of the following experiments involves the use of social learning theory? A)blindfolding someone and timing her to see how long it takes her to determine what she is eating B)determining how long it takes a person to learn how to knit if she is only allowed to watch YouTube videos of people knitting C)pairing a puff of air to the eye with a handshake to see how long it will take someone to blink before offering her hand D)rewarding a girl for finishing her homework with ice cream and counting how much homework she will complete before becoming sick of ice cream
B.
Which of the following is a common characteristic of all anxiety disorders? A)above average number of phobias B)excessive, persistent fear and anxiety C)inability to control the body's reaction to fear D)sporadic, intense panic attacks
A.
Which of the following is a developmental issue children face during the concrete operational stage? A)conservation B)language acquisition C)object permanence D)stranger anxiety
C.
Which of the following is a good example of semantic encoding? A)being able to hum the tune to a song after hearing it only once B)dreaming about a beach and deciding to take a vacation C)remembering the colors of the rainbow with the acronym ROY-G-BIV D)thinking about a car you plan to buy and having the image of the car appear in your mind
A.
Which of the following is a major risk factor for developing a social anxiety disorder? A)behavioral inhibition B)biological predisposition C)displaying a specific phobia D)exhibiting stress
A.
Which of the following is a reason that depression is associated with heart disease? A)Both depression and heart disease are caused by stress. B)Depression may increase the likelihood of living an unhealthy lifestyle, which increases the risk of heart disease. C)Heart disease is a side effect of prescription drugs that are used to treat depression. D)Heart disease is associated with higher divorce rates, which increases the risk of depression.
B.
Which of the following is an example of a secondary appraisal of a stressor? A)Berkley believes she can end an argument with her wife by apologizing or buying her wife a gift. She decides apologizing is more effective. B)Jensen decides the risk of being caught shoplifting is very low, and the risk of being caught during an armed robbery is very high. C)Mahmoud experiences an intense and irrational fear of dogs. D)Victoria believes paragliding is a frightening activity.
A.
Which of the following is an example of a stimulus-based definition of stress? A)Caroline experiences stress because she is home alone and hears unusual noises outside. B)Carrie experiences stress because she notices her car is almost out of gas and worries about being stranded on the highway, but then she feels better when she sees a gas station nearby. C)Grace experiences stress when she sees the coyote, but Mary thinks the coyote is a dog so she does not experience stress. D)Laura experiences stress because her heart rate increased when she noticed the spider.
A.
Which of the following is an example of a stressor? A)being in car accident B)daydreaming about robots C)falling asleep in class D)reading a comic novel about zombies
B.
Which of the following is an example of homeostasis? A)Darkening a room makes it easier to sleep. B)Ingesting too much alcohol leads to vomiting. C)Sleeping leads to dreaming. D)Tapping the knee with a hammer results in the leg suddenly kicking.
C.
Which of the following is an example of instinct? A)dressing baby girls in the color pink B)fear of the dark C)infant rooting for a nipple D)love of nicotine
D.
Which of the following is an example of latent learning? A)a rabbit knowing to run away from an unleashed dog B)earning tokens for good behavior and spending the tokens on good behavior prizes C)learning karate from your best friend who takes karate lessons D)remembering where the nearest gas station is when you unexpectedly run out of gas during your morning commute
C.
Which of the following is an example of operant conditioning? A)when a cat and a dog share the same water bowl B)when a cat learns to drool at the sound of a can opener C)when a dog plays dead she gets a treat in order to encourage her to repeat the behavior D)when a dog refuses to play dead
B.
Which of the following is an example of retrograde amnesia? A)Jane Doe can provide a second-by-second account of what she ate for dinner. B)Jane Doe emerges from a coma with no idea who she is, and she is unable to provide any details about herself, where she came from, or what happened to her. C)Jane Doe is in a boating accident. Every day she wakes up with no memory of what she did the day before. D)Jane Doe remembers her first day of school more clearly than any other day because her best friend was not there.
C.
Which of the following is an example of stimulus discrimination? A)conditioned to associate a bell ringing with food, drooling when the bell rings B)conditioned to drool only when food is paired with a bell C)conditioned to drool when a bell rings and being able to tell the difference between the sound of a ringing bell and the sound of a whistle D)conditioned to tell the difference between the sound of the bell and the taste of the food
A.
Which of the following is an example of the alarm reaction stage of the general adaptation syndrome? A)A burst of energy enables Hassan to run fast when he sees a skunk in his path. B)Bill collapses by the side of the road after the marathon. C)Sheila almost drowned, but she was able to keep her head out of the water and focus on swimming to shore. D)William sleepwalks when he eats too much candy before bed.
D.
Which of the following is an example of the overjustification effect? A)Children are unable to justify why they play with toys until a researcher explains intrinsic motivation to them. B)Children do not enjoy playing with learning toys until they find out they will be better at math after playing with the toys. C)Children enjoy playing with toys more when they get to play with toys they have never seen before. D)Children enjoy playing with toys until they are told they will get paid to play with toys. They may still play with toys to get paid, but they view it differently because they are getting paid.
B.
Which of the following is an example of vicarious punishment? A)Belinda saw Mavis receive a hug for cleaning his room. She is careful to clean her room because she saw Mavis get a reward for doing it. B)Jeong observes Bronwyn getting spanked for spitting out her carrots. Because he saw his friend punished, he does not spit out his carrots. C)Job wants to avoid being fired, so he follows the shop rules and does not smoke in the bathroom. D)Laurie wants to receive a smiley sticker and she knows from reading the rulebook that she will receive one if she behaves herself.
A.
Which of the following is not a risk factor for suicide? A)alcohol dependence B)history of previous suicide attempts C)popular music that promotes suicide D)substance abuse
D.
Which of the following is notone of the three aspects of job burnout? A)depersonalization B)diminished sense of personal accomplishment C)exhaustion D)wanting to quit
A.
Which of the following is true about neurodevelopmental disorders? A)All neurodevelopmental disorders are diagnosed in early childhood. B)All neurodevelopmental disorders are diagnosed in middle-aged patients. C)All neurodevelopmental disorders are disorders of the elderly. D)Neurodevelopmental disorders are not diagnosed in males.
C.
Which of the following statements about drive theory is incorrect? A)According to drive theory, deviations from homeostasis create physiological needs. B)According to drive theory, needs result in psychological drive states that direct behavior to meet the need. C)According to drive theory, once our behavior successfully reduces a drive, we are more likely to repeat the behavior if the drive reoccurs. D)According to drive theory, we are driven to develop new physiological needs in order to motivate our own behavior.
C.
Which of the following statements about the relationship between stress and performance is true? A)As stress levels decrease from moderate to low, performance also decreases. B)As stress levels decrease from moderate to low, performance increases. C)As stress levels increase from low to moderate, performance also increases. D)As stress levels increase from low to moderate, performance decreases.
A.
Which of the following statements is true about obsessive-compulsive disorder? A)It involves intrusive, unpleasant thoughts and repetitive behaviors. B)It involves persistent, unfocused anxiety. C)It is most often diagnosed during adolescence. D)Men are more often diagnosed than women.
C.
Which question was central to the marshmallow test? A)Do you think you could accomplish great things even when the fates are against you? B)Is your life more like a marshmallow or more like a rock? C)Would you be able to resist getting a small reward now in order to get a larger reward later? D)Would you make the same decisions your parent would make?
A.
Which statement about B. F. Skinner is correct? A)He is famous for demonstrating the principles of operant conditioning: The motivation for a behavior happens after the behavior is demonstrated. B)He placed hungry rats in a maze with no reward for finding their way through it, and he studied a comparison group that was rewarded with food at the end of the maze. C)He worked with Edward C. Tolman to prove that fear is both an instinct and a reflex. D)His experiments demonstrated that organisms can learn even if they do not receive immediate reinforcement.
D.
Who called the stages of development psychosexual stages? A)Erik Erikson B)Jean Piaget C)Lawrence Kohlberg D)Sigmund Freud
B.
Who developed social-cognitive theory? A)Abraham Maslow B)Albert Bandura C)Carl Rogers D)Erik Erikson
B.
Who developed the psychosocial theory of development? A)Abraham Maslow B)Erik Erikson C)Jean Piaget D)Lawrence Kohlberg
C.
Who proposed the locus of control concept? A)Albert Bandura B)Carl Jung C)Julian Rotter D)Walter Mischel
D.
Why was Sigmund Freud trained as a medical doctor and not a psychologist? A)He tried to become a psychologist, but he could not pass the required exams. B)He tried to become a psychologist, but no university would admit a Jewish student. C)His theories were too radical, so he trained as a physician to give himself creditability. D)There was no such thing as a degree in psychology when he received his education.
C.
Yuri experiences excessive, distressing, and persistent fear or anxiety about heights. Yuri suffers from a(n) ________. A)mood disorder B)obsessive-compulsive disorder C)phobia D)psychosis
D.
________ encoding is the encoding of images. A)acoustic B)effortful C)semantic D)visual
A.
________ encoding is the encoding of sounds. A)acoustic B)effortful C)semantic D)visual
B.
________ have over 85% of the l,669 federally designated mental health professional shortage areas. A)nursing homes B)rural areas C)schools D)urban areas
A.
________ is a long-standing connection or bond with others. A)attachment B)nourishment C)regard D)security
A.
________ is a state of being in which our thoughts about our real and ideal selves are very similar. A)congruence B)egotism C)incongruence D)self-concept
A.
________ is a state of intense engagement in an activity; it is usually experienced while participating in creative work and leisure endeavors. A)flow B)happiness C)momentum 4)oneness
D.
________ is a subtype of depression in which a person experiences the symptoms of major depressive disorder only during a particular time of year. A)bipolar disorder B)mood disorder C)persistent depressive disorder D)seasonal pattern
A.
________ is an eating disorder characterized by an individual maintaining body weight that is well below average through starvation and/or excessive exercise. A)anorexia nervosa B)bulimia nervosa C)leptin nervosa D)satiation nervosa
D.
________ is known for using Little Albert in his studies on human emotion. A)B. F. Skinner B)Edward Thorndike C)Ivan Pavlov D)John B. Watson
C.
________ is the kind of stress associated with positive feelings, as well as optimal health and performance. A)anti-stress B)distress C)eustress D)pro-stress
C.
________ reinforcers have innate reinforcing qualities. A)classical B)operant C)primary D)secondary
