PSYC Exam 3

Yarik's roommate asked if he would like to grab lunch before class. Yarik declined because he is not feeling hungry at the moment. This is likely because their:

PYY levels are low.

Which of these BEST encompasses grit?

a passionate dedication to a long-term goal

In a crowd of faces, researchers have found that people are quickest to detect a(n) _____ face.

angry

Discrimination is a negative ___________.

behavior

Leko has plenty of food and lives in a nice house. Now he feels he needs to find a soul mate with whom he can share his life. According to Maslow, what is motivating Leko?

belongingness and love needs

Activation of the sympathetic nervous system _____ salivation and _____ blood pressure.

decreases; increases

A group setting that fosters arousal and anonymity would be a prime social context for which phenomenon?

deindividuation

One shortcoming of the instinct theory of motivation is that it:

does not explain human motives

After being told that his parents had just been involved in a serious automobile accident, Wayne is likely to experience an outpouring of _____ due to activation of the sympathetic division of his autonomic nervous system.

epinephrine

Initially prejudiced heterosexuals are likely to develop more accepting attitudes toward those with a same-sex sexual orientation following the experience of:

face-to-face contact.

If you mimic another person's facial expressions, you probably will feel increasing empathy for that person. This is best explained in terms of the:

facial feedback effect.

The passionate and persistent dedication to an ambitious long-term goal that is often demonstrated by those with high achievement motivation is most indicative of:

grit

By providing prospective terrorists with electronic chat rooms for interfacing online with others who share their attitudes, the internet MOST likely serves as a medium for:

group polarization.

A person with very high self-esteem is likely to _____________ than a person with low self-esteem.

have fewer sleepless nights

Lin enjoys roller skating with her friends. Which choice exemplifies an environmental factor associated with roller skating for Lin?

having friends that also roller skate

Only when experimental participants were informed that a woman was sexually assaulted did they perceive the woman's behavior as inviting the assault. This BEST illustrates that victim blaming is fueled by:

hindsight bias

Ned's blood glucose level has dropped. This means that Ned's _____ will increase.

hunger

Studies of our ability to perceive and communicate emotions indicate that:

in a crowd of people, it's easier to detect a single angry face than a single happy face.

Taha was just born. Remarkably, when she feels anything touch her cheek, she starts rooting and, when she makes contact with a nipple, she starts sucking. These behaviors are:

instincts

Margaret gardens and grows flowers each summer because she enjoys it. Margaret's behavior reflects _____.

intrinsic motivation

The passive resignation that accompanies an inability to avoid repeated traumatic events is called:

learned helplessness

The concept of a superordinate goal is BEST illustrated by:

management and labor putting their differences aside to produce a fuel-efficient automobile that will outsell any car on the market.

Which of these does obesity NOT increase the risk of?

migraine headaches

Nonfunctioning receptors in the appetite-suppressing part of the hypothalamus would likely result in which of these?

obesity

The benefit of student teaching and mental health practicum experiences is that it allows professors and supervisors to assess students' behaviors in _____ situations.

realistic

The humanistic perspective:

rejected both the psychoanalytic and behaviorist perspectives on personality.

A sense of worth is to a sense of competence as _____ is to _____.

self-esteem;self-efficacy

A local religious organization has taken an interest in reaching out to community members with AIDS. They were prompted to do this when they learned that religiously active AIDS patients _____________ than do their nonreligious counterparts.

survive longer

It would be MOST helpful to use biofeedback to help clients reduce:

tension headaches

When Lucy acts happy, she experiences increased feelings of cheerfulness. This best illustrates:

the behavior feedback effect.

Abraham Maslow suggested that self-transcendence needs motivate people to strive for:

transpersonal meaning

The social-cognitive perspective is to _____ as the _____ perspective is to Allport.

Bandura; trait

It has been suggested that raised eyebrows are universally associated with a surprised expression because they effectively widen the eyes, enabling us to take in more information. Which theorist would have agreed with this statement?

Charles Darwin

The fact that a sneer retains elements of baring one's teeth so as to threaten predators supports _____'s idea that in prehistoric times, before language, our ancestors communicated threats, greetings, and submission with facial expressions.

Charles Darwin

An empathic person will identify with others and can imagine what it might be like to walk in another person's shoes. There are some apparent gender differences related to empathy. Which of these supports that finding?

Females are more likely to express empathy (for example, to cry and report distress when observing someone else in distress).

Which of these is NOT a suggestion for how to live a happier life? Act happy. Realize that enduring happiness may not come from financial success. Focus on the self. Give your body the sleep that it wants.

Focus on the self.

If you were to give someone advice about how to become happy and remain happy, which of these pieces of advice would you offer?

Give priority to close relationships and seek work and leisure activities that you find engaging.

Which theory suggests that you would NOT experience intense anger unless you first noticed your racing heart (or other symptoms of physiological arousal)?

James-Lange theory

Al is applying for a new job with a large company. As part of the application process, Al will need to take a personality test. The test has 10 scales including a scale that assesses depressive tendencies. Al is MOST likely taking the:

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory.

_____ says that we actually have many emotional reactions apart from, or even before, our interpretation of a situation.

Robert Zajonc

The Niceville blood bank is in need of blood donors. Which of these students would MOST likely donate blood if asked?

Stephania, who has just fallen head-over-heels in love

Which statement is TRUE of feigned smiles?

Those smiles are often switched on and off abruptly.

Who suggested that very similar physiological reactions are associated with a variety of different emotions?

Walter Cannon

Hans is working on a project for their general psychology course that involves reading people's emotional cues. They need a partner on the project, and they think their best choice would be a female. Which research finding supports this choice?

Women surpass men at reading people's emotional cues.

Those who have had repeated disruption of close personal relationships may experience:

a difficulty in forming attachments

Researchers asked unacquainted, heterosexual pairs to stare into each other's eyes for 2 minutes. They reported feeling:

a tingle of attraction and affection.

A desire to pursue high standards and significant accomplishments is indicative of:

achievement motivation

Clint is highly inspired to become the top player on their college chess team, so they purchased a chess software program and practice daily. Clint's behavior and goal reflect a high level of:

achievement motivation

A small number of the contributors to any field typically produce a disproportionately large share of its accomplishments despite the fact that their less productive professional colleagues are fairly comparable in raw ability. This best illustrates the importance of:

achievement motivation.

After spending years in the ocean, a mature salmon swims up its home river to return to its birthplace. This behavior is an example of:

an instinct

A starving rat will lose all interest in food if its _____ center in the arcuate nucleus is destroyed.

appetite-stimulating

Which of these controls eating by secreting appetite-stimulating hormones and secreting appetite-suppressing hormones?

arcuate nucleus

Which of these is MOST clearly a form of ostracism? a. self-transcendence b. chain migration c. solitary confinement d. drive reduction

c. solitary confinement

Samar is watching a presidential debate on television and is keenly paying attention to the candidates' arguments. At the end of the debate, Samar says, "I agree with many of the third-party candidate's arguments." Samar is influenced by:

central route persuasion.

Deep affectionate attachment is an example of _____ love.

companionate

Equity and self-disclosure are important to the development of:

companionate love.

Among dieters who consciously restrain their eating, the urge to eat is likely to be unleashed by:

drinking alcohol

Apoorva's mouth is dry, and they realize that they haven't had anything to drink all morning. The water level in their cells has dropped and they feel thirsty. Watching people drink large glasses of water is driving them nuts, so they determine that the next chance they get, they will get a water to drink. Which of these can be used to explain why they are motivated to get a drink?

drive-reduction theory

Confiding in your hair stylist about all of the problems at work is an example of:

emotion-focused coping.

Xander is a newspaper reporter who uses a high frequency of personal pronouns such as we, our, and us in his articles. Based on this, you might predict that Xander would score high on the Big Five trait:

extraversion

As a member of the diplomatic corps, AJ was given special training in the customs, language, and religions of the developing country where they would be living. However, they probably needed little training to correctly interpret his hosts' expressions of emotion as revealed by their:

facial expressions.

Elin is religiously active but George is not. Based on this alone, Elin can be expected to live longer than George. This is known as the:

faith factor

High rates of crime are MOST common among those who experience minimal levels of:

father care

In low-income nations, well-being is especially likely to be influenced by satisfaction with one's _____. In wealthier countries, well-being is especially likely to be related to satisfaction with social connections.

financial circumstances

Studies have revealed diminished activity in the ________ of violent criminals.

frontal lobes

Elijah scored high on conscientiousness when given a personality inventory. As compared to people with lower conscientiousness scores, the _____ lobe in Elijah's brain is MOST likely to be _____.

frontal;larger

In _____ cultures, there is an emphasis on the self and one's personal needs and goals; whereas in _____ cultures, the primary concern is about one's significant group such as the family.

individualist; collectivist

Bjorn has always enjoyed books, even before he could read. When he started the third grade, his teacher started having him keep track of how much time he spent reading so that he could get a reward each time he read for a specified amount of time. Instead of reading for fun, Bjorn started watching the timer when reading and thinking more about the reward than the books he was reading. This change indicates that his motivation changed from _____ to _____.

intrinsic;extrinsic

Brain activity scans suggest that people who are _____ seek stimulation because their normal brain arousal is relatively low and the frontal lobe is less active.

introverted

Lin enjoys roller skating with her friends. Which choice exemplifies a behavioral factor associated with roller skating for Lin?

learning to roller skate

Exuberant infants and alert, enthusiastic, and energetic adults are especially likely to show high levels of brain activity in the:

left frontal lobe.

James is competing in a basketball free throw contest. They are likely to perform best if their physiological arousal during the performance is _____.

moderate

After watching pornography late at night, Jan will probably be:

more likely to believe it is okay to treat women in a punitive manner.

_____ is a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior.

motivation

A win-win orientation is one that seeks ________ of conflict.

mutually beneficial resolutions

Internal push is to external pull as:

need is to incentive

Women appear to be more sensitive to _____ cues than men.

nonverbal

_____ is defined as having a body mass index of 30 or more.

obesity

Personality inventories are to _____ as projective tests are to _____.

objective scoring; subjective scoring

When given _____, rats would be most likely to become ravenously hungry.

orexin

In a series of experiments, participants were more likely to act in aggressive ways, such as blasting people with noise, following an experience of:

ostracism

Changing opinions because of incidental cues such as a speaker's attractiveness illustrates:

peripheral route persuasion.

Pictures of loved ones dampen feelings of physical pain by activating the:

prefrontal cortex

Maria does not have a very good driving record. She has gotten several tickets for running red lights, speeding, and not wearing her seat belt. When asked by the judge at her more recent court appearance why she continually violated driving laws, Maria stated that she was certain others did the same, including the judge. According to Freud, which defense mechanism is Maria employing?

projection

The MOST powerful predictor of whether people will become friends is:

proximity

Cognitive dissonance theory is MOST helpful in understanding the impact of:

role playing on attitude change.

Ashley just got married and they are conscious of acting out their understanding of how to be a spouse. Ashley is in the process of adapting to their new:

role.

The average American believes that their home state made 18 percent of the contributions to U.S. history (Putnam, et al., 2018). This perception BEST illustrates:

self-serving bias

Which of these do NOT influence taste preferences in humans?

serotonin levels

Though neighbors heard Kitty Genovese screaming for help as she was being murdered, they failed to call the police in time to save her. This BEST illustrates:

the bystander effect.

People's tendency to be helpful when they are already in a positive mood is known as:

the feel-good, do-good phenomenon.

The tendency to believe that people get what they deserve and deserve what they get is called:

the just-world phenomenon.

Ron has been on a strict diet of 1500 calories per day for the last six weeks. They lost considerably more weight in the first three weeks of the diet than in the last three because:

their metabolic rate has decreased.

In a high school senior writing seminar, students were asked to write a brief autobiography. Sixty years later, if a researcher were to analyze these autobiographies and divided the students into two main groups, which group would be MOST likely to live an average of 7 years longer?

those who had expressed happiness, love, and other positive feelings in their autobiographies

When people communicate _____, they are often less focused on others' reactions and less inhibited in their self-disclosures.

via text message

Joanne's 6-year-old daughter is very wary of trying Oxtail, which they say "smells weird." This avoidance of unfamiliar foods:

was adaptive for our human ancestors by protecting them from toxic substances.

In terms of the bystander effect, the best odds of our helping someone include all of these EXCEPT:

we are in a hurry.