PSYC012 Chapter 7 Inquisitive

A _____ is the entire group of people that a researcher is interested in, while a _____ is a smaller subset of that entire group. A _____ occurs when a researcher investigates an entire group of people.

-population -sample -census

When _____ sampling occurs, a particular group is targeted and recruited in a non-random way. When those who participate help recruit others they know to participate, it is called _____ sampling. When participants are recruited from a group of people who are readily available to the researcher, _____ sampling occurs. All three of these techniques are _____ sampling techniques.

-purposeful -snowball -convenience -unrepresentative

When _____ occurs, each member of a population has an equal chance of being selected. _____ is when people in subsets of the population are randomly sampled. _____ is often used to select, in an unbiased way, small subsets of the population that are not large enough in number to be accurately measured. All three of these techniques are _____ sampling techniques.

-random sampling -cluster sampling -oversampling -representative

Sort the samples as either biased or unbiased.

biased: -Tracey posts advertisements for a study and then takes every sixth person who contacts her. -Dr. Lin recruits participants from her psychology class and then randomly assigns them to one of three conditions. -Ami randomly selects phone numbers for a telephone survey and then asks the people she calls to recruit additional participants. unbiased: -Travis randomly selects 15 major universities and then randomly selects 15 students from each of those universities. -Clarence selects telephone numbers from a random-digit dialer and then asks for the youngest male in the house who is at least 18.

Identify each sampling type as either biased or unbiased.

unbiased: -systematic sampling -stratified sampling -probability sampling biased: -convenience sampling -snowball sampling -purposeful sampling

What would be the best way to increase a sample's external validity?

use a representative sample

Sort the statements as either true or false.

True: -External validity is not always the highest priority. -A random sample of 1,000 people is enough to generalize to an entire population. False: -If a finding does not generalize to other populations, the finding is invalid. -A larger sample means that it will be more representative.

Sort the statements as either true or false.

True: -Random assignment is only used in experimental designs. -Convenience sampling is the most commonly used sampling technique. False: -Self-selection is a form of unbiased sampling. -Combining sampling techniques increases bias.

If a study's sample is not generalizable to the rest of its population, we would say that the study has poor _____________ validity.

external

What type of claim is external validity especially important for?

frequency

Jalon conducts a study to see if anonymity affects political opinions of college students. He recruits 156 participants from psychology classes and divides them into two groups. In one group, they are asked for their opinions about political issues and also told that their responses will be completely anonymous. In the other group participants are asked for their political opinions but not told whether or not their opinions would be kept anonymous.

sample: -psychology students sampling method: -convenience sampling population: -college students