PSYC100: Chapter 7 Memory: InQuizitive

Enoch is participating in a brain-scanning study. The room is dark except for a projector that displays photographs as visual stimuli. The experiment goes awry when the bulb in the projector fails, leaving the scanning room in complete darkness. For a couple of seconds, Enoch can see an afterimage of the last photograph that the projector was displaying, and according to the brain scanner, his occipital lobe remains active during this brief interval. What is the name for this period of occipital activity?

neural persistence

Which of the following experiences is likely to be encoded at the shallowest level of processing?

seeing a sign written using an alphabet you aren't familiar with

Four men were present when a pregnant woman went into labor and gave birth in the lobby of a bank. Rank them in order of how well each is likely to remember the events after the fact, from least to most.

-Danh was born with Urbach-Wiethe syndrome and lacks an amygdala. -Ibrahim was taking a propranolol to control his blood pressure during the memory. -Jayvon had opened a checking account at the branch that same day. -Shane had worked in the bank for the last five years.

Identify the following ways in which false memories could be constructed.

Correct Answer(s) A person may hear a story from a friend, then later recall having had the experience themselves. An imagined event will form a mental image that may be later recalled as a real event. A person may falsely remember that a word was part of a list, if it was related to words that were in the list. Incorrect Answer(s) A person immediately rehearses information he learned right after having learned it. A person attends to details of an event as it unfolds.

Bakary is participating in a study of memory. He is presented with the following ambiguous image (without the letter labels), while hearing the word "eyeglasses" through headphones. After a 30-minute delay doing another task, he is asked to draw the image he saw from memory. How would we expect his drawing to differ from the drawing he saw originally?

Correct Answer(s) He will probably draw the line E with a curve. He will probably omit the lines A and B. He will probably connect the lines C and D to the circles. incorrect Answer(s) He will probably omit the line E. He will probably draw lines A and B the same length. He will probably draw the lines C and D as parallel.

Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the results in this figure, originally reported by Anderson and Green (2001)? Select all that apply.

Correct Answer(s) The effects of rehearsal appear stronger than the effects of suppression. Rehearsing information increases recall. Incorrect Answer(s) We cannot choose what we remember and what we forget. Accurate recall of some memories requires the suppression of other memories. By practicing active suppression, we can choose to forget most of what we learn. People who make no effort recall little of what they learn.

While at a bonfire, someone quickly spells out the word LOVE with a sparkler. For a moment, you can clearly see the word spelled out, as if it were hanging in the air. Which of the following statements about this phenomenon are true?

Correct Answer(s) The word is passing through iconic memory. The effect is caused by neural persistence. Incorrect Answer(s) The word is initially processed by working memory. The brain perceives the motion as a set of disconnected points in space. The word will be visible for several minutes.

Which of the following are examples of semantic memory?

Correct Answer(s) explaining the rules for playing a card game repeating driving directions to a new restaurant over the phone reciting movie dialog you know by heart Incorrect Answer(s) eating while reading a book walking on the beach while gazing out at the ocean waves

Match each of the terms with a corresponding scenario. source amnesia error in reality monitoring error in source monitoring

Damien thinks that Finland has gone to war with Russia but can't remember where he heard it from.source amnesia Correct label:source amnesia Aïcha believes an argument she had in a dream happened in real life.error in reality monitoring Correct label:error in reality monitoring Elna believes she's written a very good poem but hasn't realized that several lines come from a piece of popular music.error in source monitoring Correct label:error in source monitoring

How do episodic memories with a strong emotional component differ from less emotional ones?

Emotional memories are less likely to be forgotten.

Each time the eye is exposed to a particular stimulus, it produces an identical pattern of activity in the brain.

False

If an individual has a severely impaired short-term memory, they will be unable to form long-term memories.

False

Memory distortions mainly occur when the stakes associated with recalling correctly are low.

False

Multiple-choice tests are necessarily easier than free-response tests, because recognition is always easier than recall.

False

Fill in the blanks to complete the passage about lessons learned from the patient known as H.M.

H.M., later revealed to be a man named Henry Molaison, had portions of his medial temporal lobes removed to treat epilepsy. The surgery left his working and long-term memory intact. His ability to transfer information from working memory to long-term memory was lost. This demonstrated that working memory and long-term memory are distinct.

José and his friends like to study for tests in different ways.Rank how well each strategy will help on the final exam, from best to worst.

José reads the chapter, closes the book, and tries to recall all of the concepts described. Nitish creates concept maps of the information. Maria rereads the chapter several times.

Fill in the blanks to complete the passage about the relationship between memory and synapses.

Memory consolidation involves a strengthening of synaptic connections, in a process called long-term potentiation. When learning occurs, the amount of CREB increases, which in turn increases the response to stimulation by the post-synaptic neuron, which triggers an action potential when it is sufficiently depolarized.

In filmmaking, a "continuity error" refers to a mistake in which features of a scene appear to violate cause and effect. For example, in a scene shot in a bar, an angry patron might smash a beer bottle but after a switch in camera angles the bottle is visible again for a few seconds. Despite paying close attention to the screen, we seldom seem to notice these errors. Why is this?

The capacity of sensory memory is large but very short-lived, whereas the capacity of short-term memory is much smaller.

Although "encoding failure" results in poor long-term recall, it is more likely to be a failure of attention than a failure of long-term memory itself.

True

One of the functions of the central executive is to judge which pieces of information are irrelevant or not worth retaining.

True

The study of human memory was substantially advanced by studying sea slugs.

True

When looking back on life, people recall more memories from some periods of their life than others. Memories from that period are not only more numerous but are also generally more vivid and personally meaningful.

True

Although most adults are unable to remember events prior to 3 years of age, some report particularly intense memories from earlier in life than that. Whether such memories are genuine or fabricated, however, remains controversial. Which of the following hypotheses has been put forward for how some people appear to have such early life memories?

When fams have intense emotional experiences, they tend to retell the story of those events, and young children come to retell those stories as memories

Taking into account the encoding specificity principle, match each of the following activities with the setting in which they are likely easiest to remember how to do.

a basketball Correct label:make free throws the woods Correct label:build a campfire a lecture hall Correct label:take an exam underwater Correct label:regulate a scuba respirator