PSYC3305 Exam 3: Chapters 9 & 10

Which problem is common in anorexia nervosa?

amenorrhea

The concordance rate for anorexia nervosa in identical twins is 70 percent. This means that:

if one identical twin has anorexia, there is a 70 percent chance that the other twin has anorexia too.

Compared with people with anorexia nervosa, MOST people with bulimia nervosa:

of a more normal weight.

A person who eats large amounts of food in a short period and does this repeatedly, with no other symptoms, would be said to have:

a binge-eating disorder.

Which of the following is a symptom commonly associated with an ulcer?

a burning sensation in the stomach

The rates of eating disorders among African American women are rising to levels approaching the rates for non-Hispanic white Americans. This is MOST likely due to:

acculturation.

Diana looks at a digital photograph of herself and adjusts the size until she thinks the picture matches how she looks. She is MOST likely participating in an assessment of her:

accuracy in estimating body size

Lasting improvement for a person with anorexia nervosa depends on:

addressing underlying psychological problems

After eating three burgers, a large order of fries, and two vanilla milkshakes, Winfrey goes to the gym to "work it off." She runs for 90 minutes on the treadmill, spends an hour cycling, and gets on the rowing machine for another hour. After her workout, she refuses to eat anything for 48 hours. She repeats this pattern a few days later. Based on this information, which diagnosis would be MOST fitting?

bulimia nervosa

Josette has always been very moody and easily bored. She also makes poor choices and sometimes engages in impulsive behavior such as shoplifting or overeating. Josette's behaviors and emotional responses are similar to those with:

bulimia nervosa.

Shana has been very stressed at work and at school. When she gets home, she eats muffins, cake, ice cream, and almost anything else in the house that is sweet. In the midst of eating, she takes a huge dose of a laxative to "empty out" the food she is eating. Her taking the laxative, and the assumption underlying why she does it, would lead to a diagnosis of:

bulimia nervosa.

Parents who feed their children when they are anxious and comfort them when they are tired, rather than giving them a nap, run the risk of producing children who:

cannot assess their own needs.

All of the following have been known since before the 1970s to be psychophysiological disorders, EXCEPT:

chronic inflammation

If a person's bodily symptoms affect his or her voluntary motor and sensory functions, but the symptoms are inconsistent with any known medical disease, this condition is referred to as:

conversion disorder

You are a therapist using self-instruction training. Your client now says, "When the pain comes, I just pause and keep focusing on what I need to do." This is an example of a:

coping self-statement

When a person is under stress, the HPA axis releases:

cortisol

The most widely applied method of biofeedback uses a device called an _____, which provides feedback about the level of muscular tension in the body.

electromyograph

Stress-related writing has been found to be beneficial for patients with either HIV infection or cancer. This is an example of the effectiveness of:

emotion expression

Family members are overinvolved in each other's lives but are affectionate and loyal. This description fits Salvador Minuchin's definition of an:

enmeshed family pattern.

A person with hypertension would MOST likely:

exhibit no outward signs of disease.

One of the therapy methods commonly used to treat bulimia nervosa is:

exposure and response prevention.

People with bulimia, anorexia, and binge eating disorder share all of the following EXCEPT:

issues of perfectionism.

A young woman who is very concerned about being attractive to others, is sexually active, and has relatively few obsessive qualities is:

more likely to be experiencing bulimia than anorexia

What is the main criticism of the cognitive-behavioral and psychodynamic explanations for the maintenance of conversion and somatic symptom disorders?

they cannot explain how the gains can outweigh the pain of the disorder

What is the significance of the 1940s study by Keys and colleagues in which healthy individuals placed on a semistarvation diet developed a preoccupation with food?

this study supports the idea that a preoccupation with food is a result of starvation

Which description BEST represents someone with bulimia nervosa?

A woman regularly tells herself that she is going to eat a small, healthy meal but then commonly finds herself eating an entire pizza, a carton of ice cream, and a box of doughnuts at one sitting. She immediately feels shame and guilt and then forces herself to throw it all up.

Which statement is accurate?

Anorexic behavior recurs in about one-third of recovered patients. NOT: Few patients who recover from anorexia continue to express concern about appearance. Most patients who recover from anorexia experience marital dissatisfaction. The death rate from anorexia nervosa has been increasing recently.

A study of college men showed that they describe the ideal male as _____ and the ideal female as _____.

muscular; thin

When healthy people have unusual levels of stress, they:

remain outwardly healthy, but their immune system weakens

A person who stopped eating candy and other sweets, then gradually eliminated other foods until he or she was eating almost nothing, could be experiencing:

restricted-type anorexia nervosa.

The preoccupation with food characteristic of anorexia nervosa is thought to:

result from starvation

Which psychological problem is LEAST likely to be associated with anorexia nervosa?

schizophrenia

A man received kindness and sympathy from his wife when he was mute. What kind of gains is he receiving from his behavior, according to psychodynamic theory?

secondary

A therapist teaches her client to identify and eventually rid himself of unpleasant thoughts that emerge during pain episodes. Which intervention is the therapist utilizing?

self-instruction training

Researchers are coming to realize the brain is part of the body, and both are part of a _____. All three are intertwined.

social context

Will recently recovered from having ulcers. He had care from family and friends and, as a result, recovered faster than expected. This may be due to:

social support.

According to cognitive theorists, the underlying distortion in eating disorders is related to:

too much concern with eating, shape, and weight

A person with bulimia nervosa just binge ate a large assortment of desserts. If the person were to verbalize his or her feelings immediately after the binge, what would the person MOST likely say?

"I can't believe I just did that. I'm disgusting and hopeless."

Which characteristic is MOST consistent with anorexia nervosa?

overestimating body size

Which statement BEST describes someone with illness anxiety disorder?

A person misinterprets normal bodily functions and changes as signs of a serious health condition.

Which statement is NOT true about anorexia nervosa?

About 35 percent of people who experience anorexia nervosa are male.

Although Gio has always taken good care of his health and well-being, over the past month he has been feeling a lot of pressure at work. He finds himself scrambling trying to meet a deadline that is fast approaching. Which change in his behavior may indirectly affect his immune system?

Gio is not getting enough sleep because he is so busy working

Isaac had finally had enough of his inability to walk. He went to therapy and eventually addressed a traumatic car crash from his past. Over time, he began to walk again. According to his psychodynamic therapist, why did these positive changes occur?

Isaac became conscious of and resolved his underlying fears, thereby eliminating the need to convert anxiety into physical symptoms.

_____ is a technique of turning one's concentration inward, achieving a slightly changed state of consciousness, and temporarily ignoring all stressors.

Meditation

Which statement BEST reflects the relationship between gender and eating disorders?

Most cases of eating disorders occur in females.

A teenager has recently developed signs of bulimia nervosa. She has been binge eating alone in her room and vomits immediately afterward to try to control her weight. Why will this not result in sustainable weight loss?

Purging increases hunger, which decreases metabolism and triggers more frequent binges.

Many people regain weight after losing it. Which biological explanation BEST explains why?

The brain is trying to restore the person to a weight set point.

Which statement would a cognitive-behavioral theorist be MOST likely to make about conversion and somatic symptom disorders?

The patient is otherwise unable to communicate difficult emotions

In 2017, the Calorie Control Council reported that the average Thanksgiving meal consists of more than 3,000 calories, yet this is not considered a binge-eating episode. Why not?

The person did not experience a loss of control while eating or feel shame afterward.

Current research on eating disorders is MOST consistent with which statement?

The rates of eating disorders are increasing in minority women and are approaching the rates found in non-Hispanic white American women.

People with _____ are said to be consistently angry, cynical, driven, impatient, competitive, and ambitious.

Type A personality style

Growing up, Bernardo would sometimes get headaches. Whenever he got a headache, his mother let him stay home from school. Now, as an adult, his headaches have become more frequent. His head pounds any time he is required to do something he would rather not do. Which kind of explanation for the headaches does this description suggest?

a cognitive-behavioral explanation

Which person is at GREATEST risk for an eating disorder?

a female gymnast

Which description is LEAST likely to characterize the behavior of someone experiencing anorexia nervosa?

a hesitancy to think about food

Tension headaches are caused by:

a narrowing of the muscles surrounding the skull.

Which condition is NOT commonly associated with anorexia nervosa?

a personality disorder

What is cognitive dissonance theory, as applied to eating disorders?

a program for treating eating disorders by pointing out a conflict of beliefs

Most people who have _____ were children or young teenagers at the time of the first attack.

asthma

Cognitive-behavioral interventions teach people with physical ailments new:

attitudes toward their illness.

Due to her unexplained paralysis, Elizabeth could no longer work at the job she loathed. The secondary gain derived from her symptoms allows her to:

avoid unpleasant activities.

The major disadvantage of using forced tube-feeding for patients with eating disorders who refuse to eat is that the patients may:

become distrustful of the medical establishment and uncooperative with further treatment.

Immediately preceding the onset of an eating disorder in a woman, one would MOST likely find that she had:

been successful in losing weight and had been praised by family.

Taylor has started smoking to help ease her stress from work. If she develops a psychophysiological disorder, it will be a result of:

behavioral changes

Margo feels a lot of stress from things at home and has started drinking more than usual. If she develops a psychophysiological disorder it will be because of:

behavioral changes.

_____ is a field that combines psychological and physical interventions to treat or prevent medical problems.

behavioral medicine

A person who loses weight by forcing herself to vomit after meals or by using laxatives, and who otherwise fits the definition of anorexia, is experiencing:

binge-eating/purging-type anorexia nervosa.

_____-type anorexia nervosa involves excessive use of diuretics and laxatives, as well as vomiting after each meal.

binge-purge

Kanaye has an erratic sleep cycle each month, regardless of what actions he takes. A typical cycle follows: Week 1: falls asleep around 6:00 P.M. and wakes around 2:00 A.M. Week 2: goes to sleep around 10:00 P.M. and wakes around 6:00 A.M. Week 3: cannot fall asleep until around 2:00 A.M., and then wakes around 10:00 A.M. Week 4: unable to fall asleep until 6:00 A.M. and wakes around 3:00 A.M. The appropriate diagnosis in this case is:

circadian rythm disorder

Support for the idea that depressive disorders set the stage for eating disorders comes from evidence that shows:

close relatives of people with eating disorders have a high rate of depressive disorders

Dr. Watkins uses many of the same psychological interventions that help anxiety to treat physical disorders. Which of these is NOT among the common psychological interventions he might use?

cognitive-behavioral therapy

Unlike factitious disorders, psychophysiological disorders:

come from an interaction of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors.

Someone who fasts or exercises strenuously following a binge is engaging in:

compensatory behaviors.

Medications that treat _____ are the MOST helpful in the treatment of bulimia nervosa.

depression

What makes glove anesthesia useful for diagnosing neurological symptoms such as numbness of the hand and arm?

glove anesthesia is unlikely to be caused by physical nerve damage

What identifies foreign invaders and cancer cells, and responds by multiplying and triggering the production of other kinds of immune cells?

helper T-cells

Scarlett finds that she needs more than the 8 hours of sleep recommended for adults. If she gets less than 10 hours of sleep per night, she has difficulty concentrating, is forgetful, has problems driving, and cannot work effectively. Scarlett would most likely be diagnosed with:

hypersomnolence disorder

Either for physiological reasons, or for economic ones, or because of discrimination, 43 percent of African Americans have _____, compared to just 29 percent of non-Hispanic white Americans.

hypertension

Beyond its use in the control of pain, _____ has been used successfully to help treat such problems as skin diseases, asthma, insomnia, high blood pressure, warts, and other forms of infection.

hypnosis

In which case is someone MOST likely to develop an eating disorder?

if the person has an identical twin with anorexia nervosa

The body's network of activities and cells that identify and destroy antigens and cancer cells is called the:

immune system

According to Hilde Bruch, ineffective parents put their children at risk for eating disorders by:

incorrectly interpreting their children's needs.

Joseph chain smokes and stays up all night overindulging on comfort foods. His body often responds with insulin spikes. Which of these is NOT among the behavioral changes that indirectly affect the immune system?

increased insulin production

Kerry has had hypertension for several years, which increases the likelihood that he will develop:

kidney problems

An individual develops somatic symptom disorder after a near-fatal car crash. The diagnosis is:

less likely to be somatization pattern than predominant pain pattern

The white blood cells that circulate through the lymph system and bloodstream are referred to as:

lymphocytes.

An individual who has been diagnosed with a somatic symptom disorder would MOST likely first seek:

medical help.

Jason, who has encountered traumatic stressors in the past, has a stress response whenever he encounters cues of the trauma. A cascade of physiological events affecting his sympathetic nervous system occurs, including excessive activity of the neurotransmitter _____, which contributes to slowdowns of his immune system and makes him vulnerable to physical illness.

norepinephrine

At lunch, Vincent, a patient in therapy, eats exactly 23 almonds, which he chews exactly 23 times each. This is a symptom of anorexia nervosa related to:

obsessive-compulsive disorder.

What would be a typical setting for nutritional rehabilitation treatment?

outpatient care historically it was always inpatient, now outpatient has become more of an option

How does binge-eating disorder differ from bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa?

people with binge-eating disorder tend to develop the disorder later in life, typically in their twenties

Kelsey feels stressed because of her responsibilities as a mother. Even so, she tends to be optimistic, engages in constructive coping, and is resilient. The likelihood of her developing a psychophysiological disorder is slim due to:

personality style.

Kate suffers from anorexia nervosa. Kate is likely to experience all of the following EXCEPT:

phobias.

The Body Project considers the key factors that predispose people to developing eating disorders when creating session exercises. One theme of these sessions is critiquing Western society's ultra-thin ideal. Which activity fits best with this theme?

posting an online essay critiquing the thin ideal displayed in a fashion ad

What appears to be the key factor in determining the types of food that are likely to be eaten in a binge?

rapidity through soft texture

What is the disorder with a wide range of vague, long-lasting, and disturbing physical symptoms without a medical cause?

somatic symptom disorder (somatization pattern

The treatment that has been the MOST popular for restoring weight among persons with anorexia nervosa is:

supportive nursing care and a high-calorie diet.

Research on the aftermath of anorexia nervosa shows that:

the death rate from anorexia appears to be declining.

Which is likely to be useful in distinguishing conversion or somatic symptom disorders from true medical problems?

the failure of a condition to develop as expected