PSYC581 Chapter 8

During early childhood, children gain about _____ inches in height each year.

2 or 3 or 2-3

We would expect a child to be able to catch a small ball, using the hands only, by the age of _______.

5 years, or any answer between 60-71 months

According to the text, if both of a child's parents are left-handed, the child's probability of becoming left-handed is about _______%

50

Contamination by _____ in water pipes can cause neurological damage.

Lead

American children between the ages of one and three average eight to nine minor illnesses a year. True or false?

True

Due to immunization, children today are less likely to contract: a) diarrhea b) measles c) whooping cough d) mumps

a)

Plasticity of the brain is greatest: a) at about one to two years or age b) preschool age (2-5) c) during adolescence d) during adulthood

a)

The left and right hemispheres of the brain "cooperate" due to myelation of the: a) corpus callosum b) cerebellum c) hypothalamus d) thalamus

a)

We would expect a child to first be able to build a tower of six cubes at the age of: a) 2 years b) 3 years c) 4 years d) 5 years

a)

The process of myelination of the corpus callosum is largely complete by the age of ______enabling the integration of logical and emotional functioning. a) 8 b)4 c) 2 d) 6

a) 8

Which of the following activities involves fine motor skills? a) Printing on easel with a brush b) Hopping on one foot c) Kicking a large ball d) Walking up stairs, two feet to a step

a) Printing on easel with a brush

Which of the following is true of gross motor skills in preschoolers? a) They are acquired by imitating other children. b) They are acquired exclusively through adult instruction. c) They develop gradually, a bit more slowly than fine motor skills. d) They are acquired faster by girls than by boys.

a) They are acquired by imitating other children.

Sleepwalking is most common: a) during REM sleep b) during deep sleep c) among children being harshly toilet trained d) in developed nations

b)

What happens to the rate of growth between the ages of two and six when compared to the growth rate during infancy? a) it speeds up b) it slows down c) it remains the same d) there is too much individual variation to make any generalizations

b)

In the context of the United States, which of the following is an example of a minor illness? a) Tuberculosis b) Diarrhea c) Measles d) Pneumonia

b) Diarrhea

____ are the skills that involve the small muscles used in manipulation and coordination. a) Social skills b) Fine motor skills c) Gross motor skills d) Cognitive skills

b) Fine motor skills

Which of the following is true of the corpus callosum? a) Its use is limited to processing visual information. b) Its myelination is largely complete by the age of eight. c) It starts developing only after the age of five. d) It connects the brain stem to the frontal regions of the brain.

b) Its myelination is largely complete by the age of eight.

Which of the following is an example of fine motor skills? a) Four-year-old Farah rides a tricycle well. b) Three-year-old Dana builds a tower with nine cubes. c) Five-year-old Leah kicks a ball. d) Two-year-old Kyron pushes and pulls large toys.

b) Three-year-old Dana builds a tower with nine cubes.

Plasticity of the brain is greatest at about _____. a) six to seven years of age b) one to two years of age c) eight to nine years of age d) four to five years of age

b) one to two years of age

In right-handed individuals, the left hemisphere of the brain is relatively more involved in _____ functions. a) emotional b) problem-solving c) visual-spatial d) aesthetic

b) problem-solving

Rough and tumble play is more common among girls or boys?

boys

children's activity levels are likely to reflect: a) active parental role models b) sharing in family activities c) a genetic tendency d) all of the above

c)

Which of the following is a result of the myelination of the corpus callosum? a) It hinders the development of the cerebellum of the brain. b) It helps in distinguishing between left-brained and right-brained children. c) It enables the integration of logical and emotional functioning. d) It restricts the brain from exhibiting plasticity.

c) It enables the integration of logical and emotional functioning.

Which of the following is a neurological factor that enables plasticity of the brain? a) The coagulation of neurons b) The myelination of the neural pathways c) The redundancy of neural connections d) The degeneration of nerve fibers

c) The redundancy of neural connections

Which of the following is true of fine motor skills? a) These skills require high locomotion. b) These skills are acquired without any practice. c) These skills involve control over the wrists and fingers. d) These skills are developed faster than gross motor skills.

c) These skills involve control over the wrists and fingers.

Which of the following is true of minor illnesses? a) They last for long periods of time in adulthood. b) They occur exclusively in childhood. c) They help create antibodies in childhood. d) They occur exclusively in adulthood.

c) They help create antibodies in childhood.

Increase in brain weight during the preschool years is due to the: a) continuing growth of the medulla. b) increase in the thickness of the skull. c) continuing myelination of nerve fibers. d) increase in the size of the spinal cord.

c) continuing myelination of nerve fibers.

Infants fed formula made with tap water may be at risk of _______. a) diabetes b) arthritis c) lead poisoning d) seasonal allergies

c) lead poisoning

Two-year-old Rick loves to scribble with crayons. When his mother looked at his scribbled papers, she noticed that all of Rick's squiggles were in the bottom right corner of the pages. In this scenario, Rick is in the _____ of children's artistic development. a) design stage b) pictorial stage c) placement stage d) shape stage

c) placement stage

Nathan and Joseph are chasing each other around the park and wrestling in the grass. The children are involved in _____. a) onlooker play b) creative play c) rough-and-tumble play d) sociodramatic play

c) rough-and-tumble play

Mickey, a three-year-old boy, wakes up suddenly at night with a racing heart and kicks about. After a while, he falls back into a peaceful slumber. As a result of such incidences, Mickey has started avoiding bedtime. He clings to his mother and stops her from switching off the lights. In this case, Mickey is most likely suffering from _____. a) cerebral palsy b) elimination disorders c) sleep terrors d) cystic fibrosis

c) sleep terrors

Which of the following is a similarity between enuresis and encopresis? a) Both usually occur during the day. b) Both are sleep disorders. c) Both are elimination disorders. d) Both usually become more frequent with age.

c)Both are elimination disorders.

During early childhood, completion of myelination of the neurons that connect the ______ to the cerebral cortex facilitates development of balance and coordination.

cerebellum

American children between the ages of one and three average_______ minor illnesses a year. a) 1-2 b) 3-5 c) 6-7 d) 8-9

d)

How many hours of sleep does the National Sleep Foundation reccomend that three-to five-year-olds obtain in a 24 hour period? a) 12-18 b) 14-15 c) 12-14 d) 11-13

d)

Which of the following is true about enuresis? a) It is a sign that a child is angry or disappointed with his or her parents b) it is a sign of poor parenting c) it is more common among girls d) it is usually outgrown

d)

The National Sleep Foundation (2015) recommends _____ hours of sleep in a 24-hour period for preschoolers. a) 5 to 7 b) 15 to 17 c) 8 to 10 d) 11 to 13

d) 11 to 13

____ refers to the failure to control the bowels once the normal age for bowel control has been reached. a) Encopresis b) Animism c) Somnambulism d) Enuresis

d) Encopresis

Which of the following is true of rough-and-tumble play? a) It is inclusive of behaviors like grabbing and angry looks. b) It is more common among girls than among boys. c) It is similar to aggressive behavior in children. d) It is helpful in developing physical and social skills.

d) It is helpful in developing physical and social skills.

Which of the following statements is true of height during a child's preschool years? a) Girls as a group become much taller and heavier than boys because of hormones. b) The preschool years are marked by dramatic changes in height and weight. c) Children become heftier as they gain more baby fat. d) The gains in height slow down as compared to the first two years.

d) The gains in height slow down as compared to the first two years.

Myelination of neural pathways linking the cerebellum and the cerebral cortex: a) accounts for the decrease in memory abilities of a child. b) is linked to poor verbal skills in a developing child. c) is linked to a dramatic increase in a child's ability to imagine and be creative. d) accounts for the increase in fine motor skills, balance, and coordination of a child.

d) accounts for the increase in fine motor skills, balance, and coordination of a child.

Jayden, a two-year-old boy, suffered a fall and injured the part of his brain that controls language skills. After examining him, his neurologist said that the other areas of the brain will assume the functions of the damaged part and that he will not lose the ability to understand or speak. The neurologist has based this diagnosis on the _____ of Jayden's brain. a) immunogenicity b) elasticity c) carcinogenicity d) plasticity

d) plasticity

sleep terrors differ from nightmares in that they typically occur during ______ sleep.

deep

Although ______ is usually mid in the United States, it is a leading killer of children in less-developed countries.

diarrhea

Bed-wetting tends to occur during rapid-eye-movement sleep. true or false?

false

In developing countries, measles is considered a minor illness. true or false?

false

According the Kellogg, the final stage in children's drawings is the ______ stage.

pictoral

In the United States about one child in _____ suffers from major chronic illness.

three

At two years of age, the brain attains 75 percent of its adult weight. true or false?

true