PSYC&100 General Psychology: Chapter 13

Transformational leaders are not ________.

Revolutionary

What is the APA?

A professional association in the United States for clinical and research psychologists

Industrial-organizational psychologists work in four main contexts: academia, government, consulting, and ________.

Business

Design teams for car manufacturers create new vehicle models. What type of team does this exemplify?

Creative

Managers at S-Mart routinely expect their employees to volunteer hours at the local veteran's center. The organization supports this practice since it shows commitment, empathy, and compassion, all things that S-Mart endorses as part of its company mission. This represents the ________ aspect of organizational culture.

Espoused values

Which form of mentor-protégé relationship is the rarest?

Female mentor-male protégé

What does research suggest about gender diversity and team productivity?

Gender-balanced teams performed better, as measured by sales and profits, than predominantly male teams

What was the main idea behind Frederick Taylor's work on the scientific approach to management?

If one could redesign the workplace there would be an increase in both company output and worker wages

Which concept describes traits that are fundamental to one's personal identity (e.g., skin color and hair texture) that an employer cannot use to discriminate in hiring?

Immutable characteristic

Why is age a bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ) for airline pilots?

Mandatory retirement ages exist for safety reasons

Which term describes a form of informal training in which an experienced employee guides the work of a new employee?

Mentoring

________ are the symbols, language (jargon, slang, and humor), narratives (stories and legends), and practices (rituals) that represent the underlying cultural assumptions of an organizational culture.

Observable artifacts

Work-family balance

occurs when people juggle the demands of work life with the demands of family life

Melora has a sick child at home. Her employer allows her to ________ for a week, so she can work from home, set her own hours, and complete most of her work while caring for her child.

Telecommute

Hershel is a strict, goal-oriented manager. When his team achieves their daily productivity goals he rewards them with long lunches and bonus pay. When his team falls behind, he extends the work day by an hour and cuts lunch by fifteen minutes. What type of leader is Hershel?

Transactional

Lucia is optimistic about goal achievement, and she encourages her team to think critically and solve problems. She is also considerate of their needs. What type of leader is Lucia?

Transformational

Several influential early psychologists studied issues that today would be categorized as industrial psychology, including James Cattell, Hugo Münsterberg, and Walter Dill Scott, who were all students of ________.

Wilhelm Wundt

What has research found to be the primary difference between male and female leadership style?

Women tend to practice an interpersonal style and men practice a task-oriented style

Carlos is a small business owner. Recently, he became the primary caretaker for his aging mother. He works long hours at his business while also making sure that his mother can keep her medical appointments and has company in the evening. This exemplifies ________.

Work-family balance

Theory X

assumes workers are inherently lazy and unproductive; managers must have control and use punishments

Theory Y

assumes workers are people who seek to work hard and productively; managers and workers can find creative solutions to problems; workers do not need to be controlled and punished

Human factors psychology

branch of psychology that studies how workers interact with the tools of work and how to design those tools to optimize workers' productivity, safety, and health

Industrial psychology

branch of psychology that studies job characteristics, applicant characteristics, and how to match them; also studies employee training and performance appraisal

Organizational psychology

branch of psychology that studies the interactions between people working in organizations and the effects of those interactions on productivity

Transformational leadership style

characteristic of leaders who are charismatic role models, inspirational, intellectually stimulating, and individually considerate and who seek to change the organization

Transactional leadership style

characteristic of leaders who focus on supervision and organizational goals achieved through a system of rewards and punishments; maintenance of the organizational status quo

Telecommuting

employees' ability to set their own hours allowing them to work from home at different parts of the day

Americans with Disabilities Act

employers cannot discriminate against any individual based on a disability

Performance appraisal

evaluation of an employee's success or lack of success at performing the duties of the job

Procedural justice

fairness by which means are used to achieve results in an organization

Industrial and organizational (I-O) psychology

field in psychology that applies scientific principles to the study of work and the workplace

Work team

group of people within an organization or company given a specific task to achieve together

Hawthrone effect

increase in performance of individuals who are noticed, watched, and paid attention to by researchers or supervisors

Checklist

method used to reduce workplace accidents

Scientific management

theory of management that analyzed and synthesized workflows with the main objective of improving economic efficiency, especially labor productivity

Diversity training

training employees about cultural differences with the goal of improving teamwork

Immutable characteristic

traits that employers cannot use to discriminate in hiring, benefits, promotions, or termination; these traits are fundamental to one's personal identity (e.g. skin color and hair texture)

Organizational culture

values, visions, hierarchies, norms and interactions between its employees; how an organization is run, how it operates, and how it makes decisions

Workplace violence

violence or the threat of violence against workers; can occur inside or outside the workplace

Downsizing

process in which an organization tries to achieve greater overall efficiency by reducing the number of employees

Bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ)

requirement of certain occupations for which denying an individual employment would otherwise violate the law, such as requirements concerning religion or sex

U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)

responsible for enforcing federal laws that make it illegal to discriminate against a job applicant or an employee because of the person's race, color, religion, sex (including pregnancy), national origin, age (40 or older), disability, or genetic information

Sexual harassment

sexually-based behavior that is knowingly unwanted and has an adverse effect of a person's employment status, interferes with a person's job performance, or creates a hostile or intimidating work environment

________ psychology is specifically concerned with describing job requirements and assessing individuals for their ability to meet those requirements.

Industrial

Which of the following is not a reason that mentoring is particularly important to the career success of women?

It provides a male authority figure for women

Which of the following is a disadvantage of strengths-based management?

Managers neglect improving their weaknesses and overusing their strengths

Job satisfaction

degree of pleasure that employees derive from their job

Job analysis

determining and listing tasks associated with a particular job