psych 101 ch 5 and 6

What does this figure demonstrate?

The left visual cortex receives information about what we see in the right half of the visual field

What was Mary Ainsworth trying to determine when she devised an experimental method called the Strange Situation?

The nature of infants attachment to their mothers

What can be concluded from developmental studies of children in daycare?

children in high-quality daycare tend to perform better academically

The depth cue of motion parallax accounts for the fact that while you are moving forward, you will perceive the

closest objects as moving fastest and in the opposite direction.

Which of the following conditions affects the appearance of the child's face and causes significant damage to the developing brain?

fetal alcohol syndrome

An absolute threshold is the

lowest intensity of a stimulus that a person can detect half the time

which example that best illustrates the plasticity of the brain? a. A stroke patient recovers some abilities as the brain reorganizes itself and moves functions from the damaged locterm-2ation to a new one. b. An embryo that does not receive proper nutrition early in development experiences permanent neurological deficits. c. A child born with facial deformities and mental impairments consistently exhibits aggressive behavior. D. A child learns to ride a bicycle at age eight, but her brother does not learn to ride until age eleven.

.A stroke patient recovers some abilities as the brain reorganizes itself and moves functions from the damaged location to a new one.Most stages of brain development are completed before

Which of the following is true regarding normal neuronal cell death? A.Nearly half of the neurons that develop prenatally die before we are born. B.Loss of neurons indicates that something in the aging process has gone wrong. C.We form just over half of our neurons before we are born. D.Neurons normally continue to die until adolescence

A. nearly half of the neurons that develop prenatally die before we are born

All of the following activities have been shown to prevent the development of Alzheimer's disease except A.resting the brain by avoiding complex cognitive tasks. B.engaging in intellectual activities such as daily crossword puzzles. C.regular participation in social activities. D.engaging daily in mild physical exercise

A. resting the brain by avoiding complex cognitive tasks

Based on the information in the table, which is a valid conclusion to make about Erickson's theory of psychosocial development?

As people go through their lives, their social spheres tend to expand

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates size constancy?

As you approach a monument, you perceive that the monument remains the same size.

Which of the following do Lawrence Kohlberg's views on moral development agree most closely? A. Erik Erikson's theories on psychosocial development B. Harry Harlow's discoveries on the infant-caretaker bond C. Jean Piaget's views on cognitive development D. John Bowlby's findings on infant attachment

C. Jean Piaget's views on cognitive development

Most stages of brain development are completed before A. young adulthood. B. age five. C. birth. D. puberty.

C. birth.

Which of the following shows Piaget's stages of development in the correct order? A. Concrete operational → formal operational → preoperational → sensorimotor B. Preoperational → concrete operational → sensorimotor → formal operational C. Formal operational → concrete operational → preoperational → sensorimotor D. Sensorimotor → preoperational → concrete operational → formal operational

D. Sensorimotor → preoperational → concrete operational → formal operational

Jessica's parents are devout Christians, but she identifies more with agnostic views. When asked about her views on religion, however, she is tentative and reluctant to discuss the issue. Based on Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, Jessica is about what age? A.45 B.28 C.12 D.17

D. 17

According to the trichromatic theory of color vision, which of the following people would be the most likely to suffer from colorblindness? A.Rod, who has all of his cones intact and functioning normally B.Angel, whose short-wavelength cones have exceptional sensitivity C.Steve, who has fewer rods than most people D.Cornell, whose long-wavelength cones lack sensitivity

D.Cornell, whose long-wavelength cones lack sensitivity

_______ intelligence is the ability to reason abstractly and solve novel problems, and _______ intelligence is the accumulation of facts, experience, and historical references. A.Creative; adaptive B.Adaptive; creative C.Crystallized; fluid D.Fluid; crystallized

D.Fluid; crystallized

Which statement best captures the concept of a sensitive period? A.Events that take place early in life have little effect on development. B.A parent should be patient with a child who is learning to read. C.Children under age five are overly sensitive to criticism by their parents and should not be scolded. D.Some abilities, such as 3-D vision, will not develop if a child does not have proper sensory input early in life.

D.Some abilities, such as 3-D vision, will not develop if a child does not have proper sensory input early in life.

If you were an artist drawing a cityscape, you would apply the linear perspective depth cue by

Drawing the streets converging with the edges of buildings at the horizon

Which of the following research questions is a psychophysicist likely to be most interested in asking?

How much louder must a sound be before a person can detect that it is louder than the original sound?

How does the figure illustrate the concept of a sensory threshold?

If the stimulus is weak enough, the sensory receptor will not reach threshold and will not produce an action potential

Baby chicks born on a farm will often follow the human they first see when they hatch. This is a result of _______, the innate process of learning to recognize a parent.

Imprinting

Contrast neurogenesis with differentiation.

In neurogenesis, neurons begin to form; in differentiation, neurons become specialized.

According to the duplex theory, we use both _______ differences and _______ differences to localize sounds.

Intensity; latency

In which of the following scenarios would signal detection be most difficult because of ambient noise?

Noticing the text-alert sound from the cell phone in your pocket while you walk throughout the supermarket

Why would you feel pain when placing your hand on both a hot and a cold pipe at the same time?

Touch receptors are reporting the sensations of heat and cold, but the brain combines the two and perceives pain.

Researchers can tell if an infant prefers a visual stimulus, such as a face, to another stimulus by

Tracking how long an infant looks at each stimulus

Neuropathic pain is caused by

a damaged or malfunctioning nervous system

The main difference between binocular and monocular depth cues is that

binocular cues require information from both eyes, while monocular cues do not.

Your friend Tom lacks the ability to feel pain. Tom's condition is called

congenital insensitivity to pain.

Kohlberg described the type of moral reasoning used by most adults as

conventional

In older people, a decline in cognitive functioning as a result of damage or disease, rather than aging, is called

dementia

When you eat a slice of pizza, your blissful experience, called _______, is the combined stimulation provided to taste receptors in the mouth and olfactory receptors in the nose.

flavor

Weber's fraction expresses the _______ as a proportion of the original stimulus.

just noticeable difference (JND)

Occlusion is a _______ depth cue.

monocular

The brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease are typically littered with clumps of dead and dying neurons, called

neuritic plaques

The olfactory system routes information directly to the _______ of the brain.

olfactory bulb

The _______ at one end of the cochlea is sensitive to the vibrations of the bones of the middle ear.

oval window

Nociceptors are free nerve endings that are specialized to sense

pain

In a sense, phantom limb pain is a purely _______ phenomenon.

perceptual

Developing a sense of morality is one of the toughest challenges for adolescents because it

requires higher-order thought processes and conflicting information.

The visual cliff is a method used by researchers to measure an infant's ability to

see a steep drop under the clear surface on which they are crawling

The observation that adolescent brains show thinning in the top region of the cortex is evidence of the neural developmental process called

synapse rearrangement

In psychology, the world "noise" is defined as

the firing of a sensory cell without a stimulus or in response to an irrelevant stimulus.

What was Kohlberg most interested in when examining people's responses to the fictional story of Heinz stealing a drug for his ailing wife?

the nature of their reasoning about their choice

A seven-year-old is typically better able to understand his friends' feelings than a three-year-old. In other words, a seven-year-old has acquired a

theory of mind

The fact that we have short-, medium-, and long-wavelength cones that each respond to lights of different colors is most supportive of the _______ theory of color vision.

trichromatic

The cochlea relays information to the brain about sound when

vibrations in the cochlea bend the hairs of the hair cells, producing an action potential in a neuron underneath the hair cells.

Which of the senses is least developed at birth?

vision

The Gestalt rules of perception seek to explain the ways in which

vision organizes images