Psych 101: Exam- Quizzes

Ebbinghaus found that about one day after you learn new material, you will only remember _____ percent of it if you have not reviewed it a second time.

50

What is Prader-Willi syndrome?

A genetic disorder that results in persistent feelings of intense hunger and reduced rates of metabolism.

Which choice is an accurate definition of a hypothesis?

A tentative explanation

The scientific process is ____, involving both inductive and deductive reasoning

Circular

Which of the following exemplifies the empirical method?

Dr. Sarkeesian observes and records how watching cartoons influences heart rates.

How is an explicit memory different from an implicit memory?

Explicit memories are memories we consciously try to remember and recall, while implicit memories are those that are not part of our consciousness.

Brainstorming is a "lateral thinking process", it does not encourage the thinker to think "outside the box"

FALSE

What was the primary finding of the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart?

Identical twins, whether raised together or apart, have very similar personalities.

Which of the following statements about rotating shift work is false

It carries a much higher risk of leading to substance abuse

What does set point theory suggest about the probably results of bariatric surgery?

It will not result in long term weight loss because the body will resist change and seek its initial set point.

_______ is an anthropologist who contributed to our understanding of chimpanzee behavior in the wild, using naturalistic observation.

Jane Goodall

Who suggested that men who have womb envy because they cannot give birth?

Karen Horney

Which of the following is an example of a self-serving bias?

Leonard attributes earning a good grade in his psychology class to the fact that he is an exceptionally hard working student who is also incredibly smart. He blames the poor grade he received in his sociology class on having a bad teacher who gave hard exams.

The first woman to earn the PhD degree in psychology was ________.

Margaret Floy Washburn

A ______ is a basic sound unit of a given language.

Phonemes

For which concept is Abraham Maslow best known?

Proposing a hierarchy of human needs in motivating behavior

_____ asserts that our genes set the boundaries within which we can operate, and our environment interacts with our genes to determine where within those boundaries we will fall.

Range of reaction asserts

Who developed the triarchic theory of intelligence?

Robert Sternberg

PMI is an attention directing tool

TRUE

Which of the following is a criticism of structuralism?

The process was highly subjective.

A _____ is a well-developed set of ideas that proposes an explanation for observed phenomena

Theory

What do structuralism, Gestalt psychology, and Sigmund Freud all have in common?

They were all concerned with describing and understanding the inner experience.

Which individual wrote Principles of Physiological Psychology and is credited with establishing a scientific laboratory of Psychology at the University of Leipzig?

Wilhelm Wundt

What is an engram?

a group of neurons that serves as physical representation of a memory

According to the Yerkes-Dodson law, when is the most efficient time for Carl to mow the lawn?

after he has received some exciting news

Nima excels at working with numbers in subjects such as calculus and algebra. This exemplifies ________ intelligence from the multiple intelligences theory.

analytical

The analytical intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence is demonstrated by the ability to ______.

analyze, evaluate, judge, compare, and contrast

_____ is an eating disorder characterized by an individual maintaining body weight that is well below average through starvation and/or excessive exercise

anorexia nervosa

Which of the following is the best example of peripheral route persuasion?

anti-smoking ads that rely on celebrity spokespeople advocating for reduction in cigarette use

Which of the following is the best example of central route persuasion?

anti-smoking ads that use charts and graphs to show how many people die from smoking related causes each year

Albert Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory, behavior refers to _______.

anything an individual does that can be punished or rewarded

______ concepts are ones that we know by a specific set of characteristics.

artificial

Classical and operant conditioning are forms of ______ learning.

associative

According to Carl Jung, which of the following best served the goal of self-realization?

balance between extroversion and introversion

Why are girls more likely than boys to be victims of cyberbullying?

because girls are found to spend more time online

______ is a neurotransmitter with roles in pleasure and pain modulation.

beta-endorphin

Regular feelings of hunger are an example of a ________ rhythm.

biological

Dr. Mattar is interested in knowing more about brain injury to the occipital cortex, and he studies patients individually in order to gain in-depth knowledge about their behaviors. These studies would best be described as ________.

case studies

Two major divisions of the nervous system are the ____ and _____

central ; peripheral nervous system

Human eggs and sperm each contain 23 ________, which are composed of long strands of ________.

chromosomes ; DNA

Most people are awake during the day and asleep at night because their ______ cycles are aligned with the outside world.

circadian

_____ encompasses the processes associated with perception, knowledge, problem solving judgment, language, and memory.

cognition

Tabetha has a mental picture of the layout of her house, also called a ________, so when she comes home late at night she can navigate through the rooms without turning on a light.

cognitive map

_____ are categories or groupings of linguistic information, images, ideas, or memories, such as life experiences

concepts

When studying personality traits, someone who is hardworking, dependable, and organized will score high on the ________ trait.

conscientiousness

The formulation of new memories is sometimes called ________, and the process of bringing up old memories is called ________.

construction ; reconstruction

Jemma wants to teach her son to say thank you. Every time he says thank you, Jemma praises him and gives him a hug. Which reinforcement schedule is this?

continuous

Melatonin release from the pineal gland is stimulated by _____ and inhibited by ______.

darkness ; light

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) are drugs commonly prescribed for _____.

depression

What type of memories do we consciously try to remember, recall, and report?

explicit memories

_____ motivation arises from external factors or rewards

extrinsic

Gus receives a paycheck every week. Which reinforcement schedule is this?

fixed interval

The type of intelligence that involves seeing complex relationships and solving problems is _____ intelligence.

fluid

Which type of persuasion approach involves encouraging a person to agree to a small favor or to buy a small item, only to later request a larger favor or purchase of a larger item?

foot-in-the-door technique

Dr. Xavier encourages his client to relax and say whatever comes to mind at the moment. Dr. Xavier is using ________ to treat his client.

free association

Which of the following is the best example of the foot-in-the-door technique of persuasion?

getting your parents to agree to cut their smoking down by a few cigarettes, then asking them to quit altogether.

The myelin sheath is made from _____.

glial cells

Which statement about groupthink is correct?

group members modify their opinions to match what they believe is the group consensus

Empty stomachs contract, causing both hunger pangs and the secretion of chemical messages that travel to the brain to serve as a signal to initiate feeding behavior. This is an example of ________.

how physiological mechanisms serve as the basis for hunger

Sigmund Freud suggested that people who are dominated by their ________ might be narcissistic and impulsive.

id

Oona wants to conduct research on personnel management, workplace environment, and what type of environment results in high levels of employee productivity and efficiency. Oona should conduct research in the area of ________ psychology.

industrial-organizational

An _____ complex refers to the feeling that one lacks worth and does not measure up to expectations of others?

inferiority

What is episodic memory?

information about events we have personally experienced

_____ motivation is based on internal feelings rather than external rewards

intrinsic

Guillermo spends some time each day applying the principles of structuralism to examine his own conscious experience as carefully as possible. Guillermo is engaged in ________.

introspection

Mona lives on the east coast and she takes an overnight flight to the west coast; when she arrives she is fatigued, sluggish, and irritable, For the next week or so she has trouble sleeping. Mona is probably suffering from _____.

jet lag

Learning that occurs but is not observable in behavior until there is a reason to demonstrate it is called _____ learning

latent

What do psychologists call a relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge that results from experience?

learning

The satiety hormone is called ______.

leptin

What is the set of processes used to encode, store, and retrieve information over different periods of time?

memory

_____ is wants or needs that direct behavior toward some goal

motivation

Aram is proficient in playing a number of instruments and can easily learn new songs and rhythms. This exemplifies ________ intelligence.

musical

In classical conditioning, the association that is learned is between a ______.

neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus

Greg is 5 feet three inches tall and weighs 260 pounds. His body mass index, or BMI, is 42.7. According to the stands set by CDC, Greg is ________.

obese

The empirical method of study is based on ______>

observation of phenomena

The empirical method of study is based on _______.

observation of phenomena

According to Sigmund Freud, an adult who smokes, drinks, overeats, or bites her nails is fixated in the _____ stage of her psychosexual development

oral

The _____ nervous system is responsible for stimulating digestion and causing the bladder to contract.

parasympathetic

In _____ reinforcement, the person or animal is not reinforced every time a desire behavior is performed.

partial

Within the field of social psychology, a script is defined as a ______.

person's knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting

Dr. Singh has just completed her PhD program and is now applying for a year-long program at a nationally-recognized hospital. If accepted, she will greatly advance her knowledge of behavioral neuroscience. Dr. Singh is applying for a ________ training program.

postdoctoral

When you take a multiple-choice test, you are relying on ________, because you are comparing the information in front of you to that which is already stored in your long-memory.

recognition

The act of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness is known as _____.

retrieval

Which of the following choices refers to a broad explanation or group of explanations for some aspect of the natural world that is consistently supported by evidence over time?

scientific theory

Which of the following strategies would effectively prevent groupthink from occurring?

seeking outside opinions on group decisions

According to Abraham Maslow, the highest need is ______.

self-actualization

Which term refers to the process by which we derive meaning from morphemes and words?

semantics

What kind of memory involves storage of brief events, such as sights, sounds, and tastes?

sensory

You begin to salivate when you smell your favorite cake in the oven, but not when you smell fo the gross scent of a dirty diaper. This is an example of _____.

stimulus discrimination

Victoria has accumulated a large sleep debt. This means that she ______.

suffers from chronic sleep deprivation

Which of the following was one of Alfred Adlers main contributions to psychology ______

suggesting that our birth order shapes our personality

______ are often conducted with large numbers of participants and can even be conducted by phone, email, or mail.

surveys

The ____ nervous system is responsible for responses such as pupil dilation, increased heart rate, and increased respiration.

sympathetic

The space between two neurons is called the _______.

synapse

The ____ of a neuron contain___ that house neurotransmitters, the chemical messengers of the nervous system.

terminal buttons; transport proteins

The ______ theory explains that the immediate associations involved in a conditioned taste aversion are a result of adaption that helps us learn to avoid foods that are potentially harmful

the cognitive

Functionalist psychologists focus on the function of behavior and ________.

the operation of the whole mind rather than the individual parts

Psychological knowledge is advanced through a process known as _____, which involves a prescribed series of steps designed to achieve the desired knowledge

the scientific method

Psychological knowledge is advanced through a process known as _____, which involves a prescribed series of steps designed to achieve the desired knowledge.

the scientific method

Psychology refers to the ______.

the scientific study of mind and behavior