psych 1010 ch. 9 developmental psychology

Annaliese knows that her friend is paying an online service to write a term paper. This bothers her, but she knows that if she tells the teacher everyone will think she is a snitch. She decides her friends' approval is more important, so she says nothing about the cheating. What stage of moral reasoning does this exemplify?

conventional

What is the primary psychosocial milestone of childhood?

developing a positive sense of self

Theorists who view development as ________ believe that development takes place in unique stages.

discontinuous

Sigmund Freud believed that personality develops ________.

during early childhood

Grasping a toy, writing with a pencil, and using a spoon are all examples of ________ motor skills.

fine

Children in the ________ stage can use abstract thinking to problem solve, look at alternative solutions, and test these solutions.

formal operational

Dorothy knows songs and rhymes by memory. She can name most colors and numbers, she can even write the letters of her name. Assuming she reached these cognitive and language development milestones at the average age, about how old is Dorothy?

four

What does nature refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate?

genes and biology

Who believed that moral development, like cognitive development, follows a series of stages?

Lawrence Kohlberg

Soon after birth, a nurse almost drops Osei. He spreads his arms, pulls them back in, and then cries. This is an example of ________.

Moro reflex

One-year-old Ainsley learned the schema for trucks because his family has a truck. When Ainsley sees trucks on television, she says, "Look mommy, truck!" This exemplifies ________.

assimilation

Which term refers to the adjustment of a schema by adding information similar to what is already known?

assimilation

Late maturing boys are ________.

at a higher risk of depression

Early maturing girls are ________.

at a higher risk of depression, substance abuse, and eating disorders

________ is a long-standing connection or bond with others.

attachment

Which of the following is a developmental issue children face during the formal operational stage?

moral reasoning

Which of the following is a developmental issue children face during the concrete operational stage?

object permanence

During Jean Piaget's ________ stage, the world is experienced through senses and actions.

sensorimotor

A ________ is any environmental agent-biological, chemical, or physical-that causes damage.

teratogen

Heroin, cocaine, methamphetamine, cigarettes, and alcohol are all examples of ________.

teratogens

Which of the following is not one of the reasons for the new lifespan development category called emerging adulthood?

younger average age for marriage

Who called the stages of development psychosexual stages?

Sigmund Freud

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? The zygote is a structure connected to the uterus that provides nourishment and oxygen from the mother to the developing embryo via the umbilical cord.

The word "zygote" should be changed to the word "placenta."

18-month-old Gordon learned the schema for apples. When Gordon sees tomatoes at the grocery store, he says, "Look mommy, apples!" His mother tells him that the food he sees at the store is a tomato, not an apple. He now has separate schemata for tomatoes and apples. This exemplifies ________.

accommodation

Which concept refers to the persistent difference in grades, test scores, and graduation rates that exist among students of different ethnicities, races, and sexes?

achievement gap

In ________ thinking, decisions are made based on situations and circumstances, and logic is integrated with emotion as adults develop principles that depend on contexts.

postformal

According to Jean Piaget, in what stage do children begin to use language?

preoperational

In the ________ stage, children use words and images to represent things, but they lack logical reasoning.

preoperational