Psych 110 Unit 3 Ch10 Ch12

Which of the following refers to the general pattern of attention, arousal, and mood that is evident from birth, such as biological predispositions to be sensitive, irritable, and distractible and to display a typical mood?

Temperament

Which of the following is created via the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire and draws a "picture" of individual personalities, making it easier to compare them?

a. A trait profile

What is characterized by the inability to identify and describe one's emotions?

a. Alexithymia

Which of the following refers to a negative pattern characterized by a chronic lack of self-worth along with self-doubt?

a. An inferiority complex

Maria has trouble with her body image and always sees herself as fat even though she is severely underweight. She severely restricts her eating in order to maintain a low body weight. What does this likely reflect?

a. Anorexia nervosa

According to Izard's theory, interest, happiness, sadness, anger, disgust, and fear are technique considered to be what?

a. Basic emotions

What does the chameleon effect describe?

a. Behavioral mimicry

What is an avoidance-avoidance conflict?

a. Being forced to choose between two undesirable alternatives

Bob and Dan are good friends who interact regularly. During a recent conversation between them, it appeared that both showed similar postures, mannerisms, and facial expressions. What is this an example of?

a. Chameleon effect

Lately, Sorboni has been having difficulty concentrating, feels hopeless, and has lost interest in activities she used to enjoy. What is Sorboni likely experiencing?

a. Depression

Julia is upset because she totally blanked out on an important exam today. She tries to distract herself by taking a walk and listening to her favorite music. What is this an example of?

a. Emotion-focused coping

Which one of the following is a symptom of bulimia nervosa?

a. Excessive exercise or purging behaviors to prevent weight gain

Just about anyone who knows Brian would describe him as hard working, ambitious, and very competitive. What else can you assume about Brian?

a. He will be at greater risk for heart disease.

Erin has to give a presentation at work. She experiences subjective feelings of fear, trembling hands, a pounding heart, and worries that she will perform poorly. What is likely happening in her body at this time?

a. Her sympathetic nervous system is more active.

Julie is offered her favorite dessert, chocolate cheesecake, and eats two pieces even though she wasn't that hungry. The cheesecake is an example of a what?

a. Incentive

Megan took a brief multiple-choice personality quiz that her friend made through a popular social media site. Which of the following attributes does this personality quiz likely possess?

a. It has low validity.

Which of the following is an example of relative poverty?

a. Joe lives in New York City, earns $12,000 a year, and has trouble with housing.

Laura has just started a new position as a manager of a department. She does not know anything about anyone in the department, and they just received two large projects with tight deadlines. Which of the following would be the best way to handle this situation?

a. Laura needs to speak with each employee and learn of their individual talents and assign tasks accordingly.

Which of the following is a common reaction to repeated failure and unpredictable or unavoidable punishment?

a. Learned helplessness

Which of the following is an example of an escape reaction to stress?

a. Leaving a job due to frustration at lack of advancement opportunities.

Madison seems pretty outgoing when hanging out with her family, but she is quiet and reserved at school. Which of the following reasons most accurately describes why Madison is the way she is?

a. Madison's differing behaviors are due to her personality dependent trait-situation interaction.

Which of the following defense mechanisms lowers anxiety by exaggerating negative traits in others?

a. Projection

Unconscious conflicts, emotions, and thoughts fuel Alma's anxiety according to her psychiatrist. Which of the following is he using to explain her behaviors?

a. Psychoanalytic approach

In the context of social learning theory, which of the following refers to praising or rewarding oneself for having made a particular response?

a. Self-reinforcement

What are the two branches of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

a. Sympathetic and parasympathetic

Which of the following theories of Freudian personality development is widely discredited by contemporary psychologists?

a. The latency period of development is nonsexual and has little effect on personality development.

A neurologist is trying to determine what parts of a patient's brain are damaged. Which of the following would be evidence that the amygdala is damaged?

a. The patient doesn't show any fear even in situations that would be very frightening to most people.

When staying up all night to study for final exams, students will likely experience a portion of study time when they are feeling quite normal and studying effectively as if it were a regular study day. Which stage of general adaptation syndrome (GAS) are these students in?

Resistance

Harley has been described by his family as being self-centered, moody, and resentful and holding a grudge against anyone who ever wronged him. Which of the following is Harley likely to score low on?

Agreeableness

Which of the following attributes does a personality assessment possess if it yields stable scores over time; meaning it yields close to the same score each time that it is given to the same person?

c. Reliability

Which of the following is a hormone that activates your lateral hypothalamus to stimulate hunger and also activates parts of your brain to activate learning?

Ghrelin

In terms of leadership, which of the following is important in promoting commitment, because people will always work harder on projects that appeal to their fundamental beliefs?

a. Values

In Maslow's hierarchy, needs associated with impulses for self-actualization are called __________.

a. meta needs

The use of positive coping statements to control fear and anxiety is called _____.

a. stress inoculation

A hardy personality type is associated with:

a. superior stress resistance.

The Yerkes-Dodson law states that ________.

a. when a task is more complex, your best performance will occur at lower levels of arousal

Which of the following is the best example of Schachter's cognitive theory of emotion?

b. Bob feels his heart racing but isn't sure why.

Which theory states that emotional feelings and physical arousal occur at the same time?

b. Cannon-Bard theory

Which of the following examples represent behavioral risk factors for health?

b. Eating a diet high in saturated fats and sugars

Gino is trying to go on a diet but keep having difficulty in keeping to it. His family is not on a diet, nor are any of his friends. What is likely the most significant contributing factor to Gino's inability to stay on a diet?

b. Gino does not have the social support from his family and/or friends to maintain a diet.

Chrissy has recently entered a drug rehabilitation program and would like to reconnect with her family once she completes it. Upon completion, Chrissy would like her family to view her as independent and trustworthy. Which of these best describes what Chrissy is demonstrating?

b. Her portrayed ideal self

Your uniqueness comprised of talents, habits, and values including your past, present, and future selves are known as which of these?

b. Personality

According to Carl Rogers, which of the following refers to a total subjective perception of one's body and personality?

b. The self-image

In certain situations, Padma engages in rationalization and projection. Whether she is consciously aware of it or not, these behaviors help Padma to ________.

b. develop resilience

Annabel has had eating issues for the past several years where she goes from periods where she eats a huge amount of snack foods such as cookies or chips and afterward she will exercise for hours to compensate for her eating. Despite her eating issues, her body weight is within the average range. What does this behavior likely reflect?

c. Bulimia nervosa

Which of the following statements highlights the primary difference between a frustrations and a conflict?

c. Frustrations occur from goal-based obstacle, while conflicts involve a choice between contradicting elements.

Which of the following best illustrates problem-focused coping?

c. Making a plan of action

Which of the following personality theories focuses on the mental aspects that control and influence personality, especially internal struggles and conflict?

c. Psychodynamic theories

Hannah didn't do as well on her math exam. She can work harder, drop the course, or go shopping as a coping mechanism for her sadness. These options are open to interpretation by Hannah due to which of these concepts?

c. Psychological situation

Stacey has always had issues with confrontation and expressing herself vocally. Recently, Stacey immersed herself in painting when she is stressed. Which of the following best applies to Stacey, in accordance with personality theory?

c. Since she has weak verbal expression, she overcomes her feelings of inferiority by painting.

The relationship between arousal and performance forms a(n) _________.

c. inverted U function

The proportion of body fat that tends to be maintained by changes in hunger and eating is called the _______.

c. set point

Armin recently immigrated to the United States from Greece. His circumstances increase his risk for which of the following?

d. Acculturative stress

What is the correct term used for a 24-hour biological cycle found in humans and many other species?

d. Circadian rhythm

In which pattern of acculturative stress do people retain their old cultural identities but participate in the new culture?

d. Integration

Which of the following involves tightening all the muscles in an area of the body and then voluntarily loosening them?

d. Progressive relaxation

Dr. Woodside is trying to help Brian adapt to his new country. Which of the following theories would Dr. Woodside likely employ to achieve this goal?

d. Social learning theories

According to Freud, a component of personality that can be characterized by self-serving and impulsive behavior is known as the _______.

d. pleasure principle

General life satisfaction combined with frequent positive emotions and relatively few negative emotions is known as ____________.

d. subjective well-being