Psych 121 Exam 4 Practice Questions

Imagine that Kerry goes to an ATM and requests 100 dollars but the machine gives her 1,000 dollars instead. The question is whether or not she should she inform the bank. Which of the following suggests that Kerry is in the preconventional level of moral reasoning?

"What are the chances that I'll get caught if I keep the money?"

Cal was worried because of how much his newborn son was sleeping. He called the doctor to check how many hours a typical 2-month-old sleeps. The doctor told him newborns are supposed to sleep _____ hours each day.

14-17

The developmental period of emerging adulthood typically occurs between the ages of ____________.

18 and 25

Quincy notices that he feels much more focused and aware later in the day and struggles to concentrate in his 8 a.m. meeting at work. Based on his circadian rhythm, Quincy is most likely in what age group?

20-25

During the second trimester, a fetus creates ________neurons a minute.

250,000

Jaebok stayed up studying most of the night for his calculus final. He only slept about 4 hours. According to research, his memory and cognitive functioning will be decreased by approximately what percentage?

30%

Rina works hard all week long. On the weekend, she engages in binge drinking with her friends. How many drinks must she have in one night for it to be considered binge drinking?

4

At which month of pregnancy does the fetus have fully developed organs and a chance of survival if born prematurely?

6 months

Adolescents need _____ hours of sleep each night but on average only get ______ hours of sleep each night.

8-10; 7

In a study on inattentional blindness, what percentage of radiologists failed to detect the intentional insertion of the image of a gorilla in CT scans?

83%

Which of the following examples best represents Piaget's notion of assimilation?

A child learns the word "dog" and begins to call every 4-legged animal "doggie"

Sam has been taking opioids she buys from her friend for more than a year. She has spent all her savings on buying these pills and is considering dropping out of school so she can work more to make more money to buy drugs. If she goes too long without taking a pill, she begins to sweat and feel nauseated. Sam is experiencing ______________.

A substance use disorder and physiological dependence

Marcy was 3 years old when she went to the zoo for the first time. She saw her first leopard and called it a "kitty." Her mother responded, "that is a leopard, which looks like a kitty but is much bigger and has spots." The next time Marcy saw a leopard, she said "leopard!" This is an example of Piaget's notion of ____________.

Accommodation

Which hormone increases in production during puberty and plays an important role in the development of sexual interest?

Adrenal Androgen

Which of the following can lead to a decreased level of consciousness?

Alcohol

Beta waves are associated with ___________, while theta waves are characteristic of the __________ stage.

Alert wakefulness; N2

Select the correct order of brain waves from actively awake to deep sleep

Alpha, Beta, Theta, Delta

Petra feels really alive and an overwhelming sense of well-being after her 4-mile morning run. We could say Petra has entered a(n) __________state of consciousness after exercise.

Altered

People commonly dream of their teeth falling out; if you ascribe to the idea that dreams have hidden meanings, what is a way to interpret this dream?

Anxiety about self-image and appearance

DeShawn learned to call his father "Daddy" and then began calling other men "Daddy," including the police officer, mail carrier, and nurse. This is an example of Piaget's process of ____________.

Assimiliation

Keesha grew up in a home where there were guidelines and rules. She was expected to complete chores, do her best in school, and be respectful. Her parents also gave her praise when she did well, hugged her before she left for school, and told her they loved her. She was able to talk to them about her ideas and offer her own opinions, even if they differed from her parents. This is an example of what type of parenting?

Authoritative

Chen is a 3-year-old who likes to dress himself and insists on helping with the dishes, even though he makes a mess cleaning them up. He likes to feed the family dog, even though he spills the food all over the place. He insists that he can do things by himself. Which of Erikson's psychosocial stages would Chen be in?

Autonomy vs. Shame/doubt

One of the many reasons psychologists believe we need to sleep is that our bodies tire during the day, and sleep helps the body recuperate and function at maximum capacity. This is a description of which theory?

Body restoration

Ritalin, a stimulant drug, is used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. How does a stimulant help people who already have difficulties with distraction and hyperactivity?

By providing internal stimulation of neurotransmitters within the brain instead of the person seeking external stimulation

What is the most widely used stimulant drug in the world?

Caffeine

Tyrone is a 12-month-old who, like most other children, was able to hold his head up, roll over, and sit up before he could walk. This sequence of motor skill development follows the ________.

Cephalocaudal Rule

Darius is a 6-year-old boy who can throw and catch a ball like a 10-year-old. Researchers would say that his developmental age is more advanced than his_______________.

Chronological age

Our ___________is a biological clock responsible for the regulation of body temperature and levels of arousal during our sleep and wake cycle.

Circadian Rhythm

Keneesha, Tory, and Bev have been best friends since the seventh grade. They do everything together and share all their secrets. They gossip about boys, and when one of them has a problem they call each other rather than their moms. This is considered which type of peer group?

Clique

Syed is sitting in a bustling restaurant listening to his friend talk about the test he just took. Syed is interested in the conversation because he is taking the test tomorrow but all of a sudden his interest is drawn across the room because he heard his name spoken. This is called....

Cocktail Party Phenomenon

Justin installed a blue tooth device in his car. He now believes he will be safe from distracted driving because he does not have to use his hands to hold his phone. Justin doesn't understand that distracted driving stems from impaired _______ caused by redirection of ________.

Cognition; attention

Which of the following statements is true of Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development?

Cognitive development occurs through a predictable series of stages involving the processes of assimilation and accommodation.

The trend for women to delay childbirth until their late 20s or early 30s has ___________ while the peak years for female fertility are ____________.

Continued; late adolescence and early adulthood

According to Kohlberg, someone who makes a moral decision by focusing on the opinions of others and conforming to social laws is likely at which level of moral reasoning?

Conventional

What type of research study examines individuals of different ages at one point in time to track the differences related to age?

Cross-sectional study

Dr. Samuelson wants to study the impact of social media on the friendships of 20-, 40-, 60-, and 80-year-olds. He plans to follow each age group for 10 years and study their use of social media and their relationships. What type of study is Dr. Samuelson conducting?

Cross-sequential study

Depressants _____________ the functioning of the central nervous system. Some examples of these drugs include alcohol, __________, and ____________.

Decrease; barbiturates; benziazepines

Brain waves that are lowest in frequency and highest in amplitude are called _____________ waves

Delta

The brain waves with the highest amplitude are referred to as _________ waves.

Delta

Narcotics are a type of __________that work by stimulating the body's internal pain management system or ___________.

Depressant; endorphins

Which of the following correctly pairs the class of drugs with specific drugs from that category?

Depressants: Alcohol Stimulants: Cocaine Narcotics: Methadone Hallucinogens: Codeine

Benzodiazepines come from the class of drugs called _______________, which ______________ the functioning of the central nervous system.

Depressants; decrease

Baby George is 4 months old. He typically has a hard time falling asleep and then only sleeps 2 hours at a time. George doesn't like it if the routine changes and usually responds with crying and frustration. He only wants to be held and fed by his mother and cries when passed off to another person. George would be considered what type of temperament?

Difficult

Ellie is a healthy 12-month-old baby. She has been crawling for several months but her mother recently looked up to see Ellie walking over toward her in a wobbly fashion. When her mother described the day to Ellie's pediatrician, she stated, "it was like she took a giant step over night in her development." This is an example of which type of developmental model?

Discontinuous model

Which neurotransmitter receptors does methamphetamine destroy in the brain?

Dopamine

While longitudinal studies produce valuable data, there are some limitations to these research designs. What are two of the problems?

Dropout rate of participants; large amount of time and effort required

During which stage of pregnancy is the developing baby most susceptible to damage from harmful agents like drugs or alcohol?

Embryonic Period

Which part of the brain is not fully developed in adolescence?

Frontal lobes

Billy is having trouble with insomnia. He has difficulty going to sleep and wakes up numerous times throughout the night. Based on what you know about sleep hygiene, what should you recommend he start doing?

Go to bed and get up at the same time each day

In general, marriage is a good predictor of ________, health, _______, and income level

Happiness; sexual satisfaction

Andre sometimes will wake himself up because his body jerks as he is drifting off to sleep and he says it feels like he is falling. Researchers refer to this bodily sensation as a _______________.

Hypnagogic jerk

According to Erikson's theory, which crisis is to be resolved in adolescence?

Identity vs. Role Confusion

The theory that cognitive development is like a computer model where the environment provides the input and the human mind is a "computer processor" that encodes, stores, and transforms information to produce some output is called ___________.

Information processing

Janel goes to sleep at night around 11 p.m. and usually drifts off quickly. She wakes up every morning at 3:45 and tosses and turns for 2 hours until she falls into a restless sleep to wake up at 6:30 feeling tired and groggy. She struggles throughout her day to stay awake and concentrate. Janel most likely suffers from which sleep disorder?

Insomnia

In order to study sleep in natural conditions, researchers took people out to camp in the woods for one week. What did they discover about the influence of natural light on the participant's biological clocks?

It shifted the increase and decrease of melatonin in their bodies to 2 hours earlier to correspond with the natural light-dark conditions

Drew is an 18-year-old senior in high school. He has been using marijuana for 2 years on a daily basis and believes it has no long-term side effects. What does the research show as a potential side effect for Drew?

Lower IQ score

This altered state of consciousness involves training the mind by using focused and regulated breathing, minimization of distractions, and mental imagery

Meditation

The information-processing perspective on dreaming suggests dreams allow us to consolidate experiences from the day into ___________.

Memories

Dr. Tomas is interested in studying how a person's biological makeup vs. environment affects criminal behavior. Who would be the ideal candidates for this study?

Monozygotic twins raised in different homes and dizygotic twins raised together

The American Academy of Sleep Medicine changed the sleep cycle system in 2012 and now recognizes which stage of sleep as the deepest stage?

N3

This disorder involves excessive daytime sleepiness and periodic, uncontrolled sleep attacks that may leave the sufferer falling asleep at odd and inconvenient times.

Narcolepsy

Heroin is classified as a ________ and directly _______ stress-related emotions.

Narcotic; decreases

The question of whether a person's development is more influenced by genetics or by life experience is considered ____________.

Nature vs. nurture

For most people to enjoy their work, it needs to be complex, varied, and ________

Not closely supervised

This type of meditation trains a person to become a nonjudgmental observer of all their thoughts and emotions.

Open monitoring meditation

Harry Harlow's famous study in the 1950s about infant attachment could be summarized in these few words:

Physical contact from a caregiver is more important than nourishment or food when attachments are being formed

Older adults recall more _______ events, while younger adults recall both ___________ events.

Positive; positive and negative

Tabby's friend asked her if she would honestly tell her if she liked her new outfit and Tabby responded "of course I'll tell you the truth." However, the same friend got a new haircut that Tabby did not like but Tabby told her friend she thought it looked great. This example highlights the difference between:

Preconventional moral reasoning and conventional moral reasoning

Nunzio, an 8-year-old boy, stole a candy bar from the grocery store. His parents never found out about it, and Nunzio didn't feel it was wrong because he was never punished for it. This level of reasoning would fit into which of Kohlberg's stages?

Preconventional morality

Drugs that alter brain functions resulting in changes in consciousness, perception, and/or mood are called ___________ drugs.

Psychoactive

Markita promised her parents she would stop smoking marijuana. Every time she worried about school and bills, she would remember how marijuana relaxed her and made her feel good. She ended up smoking again and again, even though she hated disappointing her parents. This is an example of what type of dependence?

Psychological

What are the physical changes in an adolescent's body that lead to sexual maturation called?

Puberty

In which stage of sleep do vivid dreams typically occur?

REM

Luke is an 18-year-old who argues with his parents about politics. He feels very strongly that the United States should have a comprehensive socialized medicine program. This demonstrates his ability to ___________, or organize information and his beliefs into coherent arguments.

Reason

Tyrone is 18 years old and challenges his 55-year-old father to a memory test. Tyrone would be most likely to win a memory test based on ____________.

Recall of information

Sasha has her laptop open in class and is watching funny cat videos while the professor talks. After class is over, she heard other students talk about the quiz they are having Friday. Which phenomenon explains why Sasha didn't hear her professor talk about the quiz?

Selective Inattention

Which of the following stages of cognitive development occur first according to Piaget's theory?

Sensorimotor Stage

A person can be diagnosed with a substance use disorder when the pattern of drug use causes _________ impairment or ___________ in the person's life.

Significant; distress

Katie who is 10 years old will occasionally find herself asleep at the foot of her parents' bed in the morning, even though she went to sleep in her own bed. She never remembers leaving her room and walking to her parents' room. Katie is experiencing _______, which tends to occur during ______ sleep.

Sleepwalking; NREM

Which of the following correctly identifies the two postconventional stages of Kohlberg's theory of moral development?

Social Contract; Universal Ethical Principles

As a child, Liam was an outgoing boy who made friends easily. Today, he is the top salesman in his company and he is still outgoing and engaging. Liam's case would be interesting to developmental psychologists studying the consistency of traits and characteristics over time to answer the question of ____________.

Stability versus change

Choose the correct pairing of characteristic brain waves with their stages of sleep

Stage W: Alpha Stage N1: Beta Stage N2: Theta Stage N3: Delta

After baby Lorenzo was born, the nurses checked him for these five reflexes to make sure he was a functioning normally.

Stepping, Babinski, grasping, Moro, and rooting

_________ perception is an example of awareness without attention.

Subliminal

This small part of the hypothalamus controls the circadian clock and is responsive to light.

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

Brittany is 12 weeks pregnant and has been drinking a few beers followed by a glass or two of wine a night. She hasn't told her doctor, but she knows from looking online that alcohol is considered a(n) _________ that can have an extremely negative impact on the development of her baby.

Teratogen

Cyan told her friend that she believes her dreams are just random neural activity and they have no deeper meaning. Cyan believes in:

The activation-synthesis hypothesis.

Sa'dia is an 18-month-old girl whose parents use flash cards to teach her the alphabet and simple words, they use videos and music to teach her other languages, and they use infant swimming and movement classes to improve her coordination. Despite all these classes, Sa'dia walked at 12 months and spoke her first word at 13 months. What would developmental psychologists tell Sa'dia's parents?

There is little one can do to rush motor skill development. Babies have to have adequate muscular and neural maturity to reach developmental milestones

____________ waves emerge in sleep Stage N1 and continue into Stage N2.

Theta

Multiple studies have shown that when students multitask during class or studying...

They do not learn effectively, which leads to lower grades

The Japanese term for menopause, "konenki," means ___________

Time of renewal

Physiological dependence on a substance typically includes __________ and __________

Tolerance; withdrawal

Mia gets so drunk at college parties that she passes out and wakes up in a different location. She is not concerned about her behavior; however, her actions would fit into which diagnostic criteria for substance use disorder?

Using the substance in risky situations

Latetia, age 5, has learned to do simple addition problems through using small objects in her environment like toys. Her teacher has assisted her in this process and now is challenging Latetia to use subtraction in her work. As Latetia gains confidence in each stage, the teacher allows her to do the problems on her own. Latetia's teacher is using the process of scaffolding based on which theory of cognitive development?

Vgotsky's theory of cognitive development

What is one of the most commonly prescribed benzodiazepines on college campuses?

Xanax

A 5-year-old may struggle to complete a puzzle by himself, but when his mother helps him he is able to accomplish the task. This is an example of what Vygotsky called _____________.

Zone of proximal development

Once a sperm and egg have fused into a single fertilized cell, it is called a(n) ____________.

Zygote

Most psychologists define consciousness as the awareness of our _____ and ______ environment

internal; external

Kirsten started taking her mother's prescription for Vicodin. While this drug use doesn't appear to be significantly affecting her life in any way, she has noticed over the past few months that she needs to take more Vicodin to feel its effects. Kirsten is experiencing ____________.

physiological dependence

According to Freud, the latent content of our dreams is __________ and contains the repressed _______ and drives of the dreamer.

unconscious; wishes