PSYCH 122 CH 5

The use of catchy phrases, celebrities, jingles, etc. by advertising companies to sell products is an example of _______ Learning.

Associative

Which of the following illustrates continuous reinforcement?

Clara getting a chocolate bar from her father every time she completes a household chore.

The phrase, "Law of Effect" was coined by ______.

E. L. Thorndike

According to Bandura's Bobo doll experiment, the children who watched the video were significantly less violent in their play with other children.

False

Holly would spank her daughter when she would chew food with her mouth open. After several instances of poor table manners, her daughter starts avoiding the kitchen table. In this example, the table is a(n) ________.

conditioned stimulus

Brandon had a fear of dogs. To extinguish this fear, his mother baked him his favorite cake and gradually brought a dog closer to him while he ate the cake. In this scenario, Brandon's mother used __________ to cure his fear.

counterconditioning

Before discovering the principles of Classical Conditioning, Ivan Pavlov wanted to understand the ______ system.

digestive

In a __________, a specific amount of time must elapse between the previous and subsequent times that reinforcement is available.

fixed-interval schedule

Max is a waiter at a coffee shop. He gets paid $100 every day at 9 p.m. regardless of the number of customers he serves during the day. In this scenario, Max's payment is based on the ________.

fixed-interval schedule

Albert was once awoken from his sleep by a white rat that fell on him. Following this incident, he began fearing all furry white objects including white fur coats and white stuffed animals. In this scenario, Albert's fear of all furry white objects is due to _____.

generalization

Johnny has always feared going to the dentist as he associated these visits with pain. After repeated visits to the dentist, Johnny also developed the fear of bright lights as he had started associating it with the dentist's cabin. In the given scenario, the development of Johnny's fear of bright lights is due to ________.

higher-order conditioning

Positive reinforcement _______ the probability of a behavior occurring, and negative reinforcement _______ the probability of a behavior occurring.

increases; increases

B. F. Skinner used ______ in his experiments to study Operant Conditioning.

mice or rats

In the context of operant conditioning, an example of __________ is when you keep posting comments in social media to receive more "likes."

reinforcement

In classical conditioning, the term extinction can be misleading because:

spontaneous recovery of extinguished conditioned responses can occur.