Psych 2

We have a blind spot because there are no photoreceptors where the optic nerve intersects with the retina. This blind-spot area is called:

optic disk

Humans typically go into REM sleep about every:

90 MInutes

Which of the following would be examples of primary reinforcers?

Food, Love

Which of the following scenarios are mostly likely to result in REM rebound? (Select all that apply)

Heavy aclchol use, not sleeping for three days

this early memory pioneer mapped out the learning curve and forgetting curve

Hermann Ebbinghaus

The primary purpose of the incus, malleus, and stapes is:

amplify sound waves

Muscle Mmory if put Down in...

basal ganglia

When the ___________ membrane is agitated, hairs move triggering neural impulses which travel to the brain where they are interpreted as hearing.

basilar

The receptors in the olfactory epithelium trigger neural impulses that help us:

experience smells

Elizabeth Loftus has made very important discoveries about this aspect of memory:

false memories

To get a treat, a pigeon must peck the screen 24 times. In the future the requirement remains exactly 24 pecks to get the reward. This is an example of a _____________ learning schedule.

fixed-ratio

Which of the following drugs creates only psychological dependence?

methamphetamines

Distant objects move less than close ones as the person moves side to side

motion parallax

Nociception is the ability to sense this:

pain

Resistance to extinction is greatest with this type of reinforcement:

partial reinforcement

Weber's law states that the ability to detect minimal differences is a matter of this:

percentage

Kendra cleaned her room, and as promised, her mother gave her a treat afterward as a reward. Kendra's mother is using this to get her daughter to clean her room:

positive reinforcement

From the inside of a building, the perception of depth can be seen as things above one's line of sight (ceiling, etc.) appear to drop slightly as they get further away and those below the line of sight (floor, etc.) appear to rise in the same manner. This monocular cue for depth perception and distance is called:

relative height

The brain's and/or body's unexpected need for less of a drug which may turn a "normal" dose into an overdose is called:

reverse tolerance

These photoreceptors that work well in dim light are located away from the fovea and help us see black, white, and gray.

rods

The current theory that short-term memory collaborates with experiences and knowledge from long-term memory to solve problems is called:

working memory

According to our class discussion, these are the following advantages that consciousness gives us: (Select all that apply)

long-term explicit memory, the ability to act intentionally

The sense of location and movment of body parts is

proprioception

Umami refers to taste receptors that motivate us to eat this:

protein

Fill-in-the-blank questions on a test require the following type of retrieval to be answered correctly:

recall

Which of the following are psychoactive drugs

Cocoaine, alcholol, herione, caffine

These frontal lobe neurons may play a part in our tendency to mimic others' behavior, though there is considerable debate about their role in human behavior at this point:

Mirror Nuerons

The McGurk effect explains that while seeing a syllable mouthed and hearing another that is somewhat similar, a person will likely perceive

Mixture of the syllablesSense of location and moevmnt of b

Which of the following are true of NREM-3 sleep

Growth hormone is relased, night terrors may take place, sleepwalking may take place

which of the following issues may be present if the stroke took place in the right parietal lobe

Inability to recall life side of things from emeory, failure to attend to things on the lieft side of the visual field

Hypnagogic sensations (like the feeling of falling) most often take place during this sleep stage

NREM-1

As we age, this stage of sleep decreases:

NREM-3

REM Sleep

Paralyzed, nightmares happen, dreaming is vivid, beta like brain waves

A person that people admire that is a positive influence is a/an ________ model.

Prosocial model

Which of the following are depressants?

alcohol, tranquilizers, opiates/opioids

John B. Watson's "Little Albert" experiment lent evidence that this type of learning can take place in humans as well as animals:

classical conditioning

The so-called visual cliff has been used to demonstrate this in small children and animals:

depth perception

Angie witnessed a terrible accident a few years back. The extreme emotion caused the memory of the event to skip her short-term memory and go straight to her long-term memory. This is an example of:

flashbulb memory

In Pavlov's experiments with dogs, the unconditioned stimulus (US) was:

food

The ability to identify objects by touch is due to this:

haptics

When an item partially blocks another in our view, we sense that it is closer than the one it is blocking. This monocular cue for judging depth/distance is called:

interposition

Freud believed that we dream because of this in our unconscious:

latent content

Learning without our conscious awareness that it is taking place is called (like learning the streets of a city):

latent learning

Accommodation is the process of changing the shape of this, which helps an image focus on the retina:

lens

The chance of getting schizophrenia is increased by use of this drug:

marijuana

A man constantly nags his kids about getting their homework done. The kids' motivation to act in order to stop the nagging is an example of

negative reinforcement

The brain's adjusting to a drug which causes tolerance (need for more and more) is called:

neuroadaptation

A toddler who tries to play the piano while her older sister is playing is an example of this type of learning:

observational learning

B.F. Skinner's invented this from which he discovered learning schedules from the behavior of animals:

operant chamber

This theory of color vision is based on the idea that activation of a neural response elicits one color, while deactivation elicits the opposite color.

opponent-process theory

Encoding of meaning, including the meaning of words:

semantic

Jamie enters a room with a strange smell. At first it bothers her, but because it is not dangerous or otherwise relevant, her brain quickly switches off her awareness of the smell and she doesn't notice it anymore

sensory adaptation

In addition to the potential for a fatal overdose, use of Ecstasy can lead to damage to the ability to produce this neurotransmitter, leaving the user permanently depressed:

serotonin

Which of the following taste sensations helps protect us from consuming spoiled foods?

sourness

After losing the conditioned response (CR) of salivating to a tone, a dog hears a tone and suddenly salivates despite there being no food. This sudden reappearance of the lost conditioned response is called:

spontaneous recovery

Which of the following types of psychoactive drugs can be fatal in an overdose situation?

stimulants and depressants

Mixing up of senses, such as experiencing colors when hearing tones is called

synesthesia

Mixing up of senses, such as experiencing colors when hearing tones is called:

synesthesia

A piano and a violin play the exact same note, but they still have a different quality to their sound. This difference in the amplitude of the overtones of the piano's and violin's notes that provides this distinction between the sounds of the instruments is called:

timbre