Psych #2

The idea that some women invite or enjoy rape and get "swept away" while being "taken" is held by many rapists. It is a false belief known as the _____.

Rape Myth

_____ can be defined as a cluster of characteristics that are associated with all members of a specific social group, often including qualities that are unrelated to the objective evidence that define the group.

Stereotypes

Which statement accurately captures the relationship among the concepts prejudice, stereotype, and discrimination?

Stereotypes and discrimination are components of prejudice

Based on the research presented in the text, what is the most likely outcome experienced by children who frequently play violent video games?

They are more likely to engage in aggressive thoughts and behaviors.

"Aggression is just human nature." How might you evaluate this statement in light of the evidence presented in your textbook?

This statement is only half right. Aggression's roots are not only biological, but also sociocultural.

_____ bias is the tendency to believe that one could have predicted an event or outcome after the event occurs.

hindsight

Studies using the Implicit Association Test are attempting to identify to what degree subjects hold negative _____ attitudes about outgroups.

implicit

The tendency to judge the behavior of the members of your group more favorably than the behavior of members of other groups is called _____.

ingroup bias

The social group to which a person belongs is called the _____, and the social group to which a person does not belong is called the _____.

ingroup; outgroup

Research shows that, after extensive exposure to X-rated sexual films, men are subsequently _____ accepting of women's sexual submission and _____ likely to perceive a woman's friendliness as sexual interest.

more; more

According to your textbook, children whose aggression has successfully intimidated other children may become bullies. With respect to the four main types of consequences central to operant conditioning, these children's aggression is maintained by:

negative reinforcement

In research described in your text, Larrick et al. (2011) found that the probability of an MLB batter being hit by a pitcher is ____ correlated with the number of the batter's teammates who have also been hit.

positively

Among young males, aggression levels are _____ correlated with testosterone levels and ______ correlated with serotonin levels.

positively; negatively

Homophobia is a negative, unjustifiable attitude toward gays and lesbians. Defined in this way, homophobia is an example of __

prejudice

Which term is broadest in meaning?

prejudice

With respect to the topic of prejudice, attitude is to belief as _____ is to stereotype.

prejudice

With respect to the topic of prejudice, attitude is to belief as _____ is to _____.

prejudice; stereotype

Negative attitudes toward another group of people are referred to as _____ and are based on a mixture of beliefs called _____.

prejudice; stereotypes

Studies imply that people exhibit heightened levels of prejudice when they are economically frustrated. This offers support for the _____ theory.

scapegoat

The _____ theory proposes that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame.

scapegoat

The text proposes that categorization, one of the roots of prejudice, arises from our mind's desire to:

simplify the world

Thomas enjoys watching violent pornography. When he goes out with a woman, he expects her to be submissive to his sexual demands; when he is turned down he becomes violent. Research done by social psychologists suggests that his beliefs are caused by _____, which are mental files for how to act.

social scripts

When the temperatures go up in the summer, the rates of violent crimes increase. This is best explained in terms of:

the frustration-aggression principle

The jury deliberated on the rape case for more than eight hours. Some of the jurors commented that the rape victim had a history of going out to various bars and had been dressed too provocatively. These jurors said that by looking like that, she had been asking to be assaulted. Their opinion is best explained in terms of the _____.

the just-world phenomenon

Chuck has just moved into a new neighborhood. This new neighborhood is full of drug addicts living in rundown houses in horrible condition. He often sees them struggling to find food on the street and shivering through the cold winter. When his friend asks him if he feels bad seeing these people suffer he replies, "Good people don't end up that way, so I don't feel bad for them." His attitude best illustrates:

the just-world phenomenon.

The tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races is called:

the other race effect

After the attacks on the United States in 2001, some Americans boycotted Arab-American stores and lashed out at any Middle-Eastern person they saw. This behavior is best explained in terms of:

the scapegoat theory

Aggressive behavior has been linked with low levels of _____.

Serotonin

With respect to the topic of prejudice, _____ is to behavior as prejudice is to attitude.

discrimination

Discrimination is a negative behavior, whereas prejudice is a negative _____.

attitude

Discrimination is a negative _____, whereas prejudice is a negative attitude.

behavior

Discrimination is a negative _____, whereas prejudice is a negative _

behavior; attitude

When Juan was asked by his best friend, Carlos, to go on a blind date with a friend of Carlos' girlfriend, Juan wanted to know her ethnicity. Juan wanted this information so he could _____ this woman in order to place her into a group and hopefully predict her behavior.

categorize

The catharsis hypothesis suggests that people feel better if they vent their emotions by "blowing off steam." However, playing violent video games tends to increase aggressive thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. These findings seem to:

contradict the catharsis hypothesis.