Psych 2

conditioned response

In Pavlov's experiment, the bell acted as:

unconditioned stimulus

. In Pavlov's experiments, the meat powder acted as:

operant conditioning

A student sometimes got A's on his midterm exams last year when he used his green pen to write the exams. Now he always takes his lucky green pens to exams. How did the student's superstitious behavior arise? -Observational learning -classical conditioning -operant conditioning -none of the above

The conditioned stimulus is presented just before the unconditioned stimulus

Classical conditioning usually works best if which of the following occurs?

The sweetened soda

Dr. Walsh is interested in seeing whether symptoms of depression can be manipulated using principles of classical conditioning. For several weeks of an experiment, he gives a group of patients a sweetened soda that has a mood-enhancing drug in it and notices that symptoms of depression improve significantly. Then, he removes the drug from the beverage and notices that the symptoms are still improved when the patients consume the soda. Which of the following is the conditioned stimulus in Dr. Walsh's experiment?

Stimulus discrimination

In operant conditioning, what is the tendency for a response to happen only when a particular stimulus is present?

negative reinforcement

Kelly and Jeff live together, and Kelly constantly yells at Jeff to clean his dishes in the kitchen. She tells him that she will stop nagging if he does the chore. He finally cleans the dishes and Kelly, in turn, stops nagging him. As a result, Jeff is more likely to clean his dishes in the future. What is this scenario an example of?

conditioned response

Mary is often tired when she wakes up, so she starts drinking coffee every day at 8:00 am, which makes her feel energized. One morning she is coming home from the grocery store she notices the time - it is 8:00 am. She had not wanted coffee before she checked the time, but she suddenly feels tired and craves the drink. Mary's sudden craving for coffee after noticing the time is an example of which of the following?

Shaping

What is the procedure called in which reinforcement is used to guide a response closer and closer to a desired response?