PSYCH 201 CH. 4, 6, and 7

A human egg is _____ times the size of a single sperm. a) 85,000 b) 10,000 c) 150,000 d) 95,000

a) 85,000

_____ is the lines in a coloring book, while nurture is the crayons. a) nature b) stability c) continuity d) change

a) nature

Although not yet aware of her pregnancy, Mrs. Enriquez has conceived a single cell from the union of an egg cell and a sperm cell. This single cell is called a(n): a) zygote b) baby c) embryo d) fetus

a) zygote

Erik Erikson proposed that during the _____ stage of development people discover a sense of contributing to the world or they develop a lack of purpose. a) trust versus mistrust b) generativity versus stagnation c) integrity versus despair d) initiative versus guilt

b) generativity versus stagnation

Nine months after conception, a baby girl named Tracy is born. The stages of her prenatal development, from first to last, are: a) observational b) longitudinal c) cross-sectional d) sequential

b) longitudinal

Casey is 35 years old. Casey is MOST likely to describe their self in terms of: a) individual traits b) family history c) social roles d) physical appearance

c) social roles

the MOST immediate and direct function of the rooting reflex is the facilitation of:

feeding

A study that follows and retests the same people over time is a(n) _____ study, whereas a study that compares people of different ages at the same point in time is a(n) _____ study

longitudinal; cross-sectional

An introductory psychology student expresses an interest in growth and change during childhood and adolescence. Which psychology course should the student consider taking next semester? a) developmental psychology b) the psychology of personality c) social psychology d) industrial-organizational psychology

a) developmental psychology

The second and third trimesters of pregnancy occur entirely within the _____ period of prenatal development. a) fetal b) zygote c) teratogen d) embryo

a) fetal

A 2019 study by the West Virginia University School of Medicine found that 8.1 percent of 1729 newborns were exposed to alcohol 2 to 4 weeks before birth. This finding is _____ with research reported in the text in which 1 in _____ pregnant women worldwide admitted drinking alcohol while pregnant. a) generally consistent; 10 b) inconsistent; 20 c) generally consistent; 13 d) inconsistent; 4

a) generally consistent; 10

Which of these is TRUE about the comparison of the emotional well-being of older adults (over 65) and younger adults? a) older adults experience more positive feelings, supported by enhanced emotional control and the subsiding of negative feelings. b) younger adults have more emotional control c) older adults are more likely to exhibit negative emotions d) younger adults have higher levels of self-esteem, more emotional control, and fewer negative feelings

a) older adults experience more positive feelings, supported by enhanced emotional control and the subsiding of negative feelings

According to Lawrence Kohlberg, the majority of children younger than age 9 have a _____ of self-interest. a) preconventional morality b) intuitionist morality c) postconventional morality d) conventional morality

a) preconventional morality

During this stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development, children are able to represent things with words and images and use intuitive rather than logical reasoning: a) preoperational b) formal operational c) sensorimotor d) concrete operational

a) preoperational

Bonnie quits smoking cigarettes during the seventh week of her pregnancy. There is a chance that the chemicals in the cigarettes acted as _____, harming the development of Bonnie's baby during the period of the _____. a) teratogens; embryo b) zygotes; embryo c) teratogens; fetus d) zygotes; fetus

a) teratogens; embryo

Sara just found out that her sister conceived about seven days ago. She rushes to find a book on pregnancy so that she can learn more about it. What will the book say is happening around the seventh day of pregnancy? a) the cells of the zygote are beginning to differentiate b) the cell of the fetus are beginning to differentiate c) the embryo has doubled in size d) the fetus has triples in size

a) the cells of the zygote are beginning to differentiate

Prenatally, how many nerve cells were formed in your brain per minute? a) 75,000 b) 250,000 c) 50,000 d) 100,000

b) 250,000

When we adapt our current understandings to incorporate information, we have engaged in: a) assimilation b) accommodation c) a mental operation d) cognition

b) accommodation

Maneesha is studying cognitive development during adulthood. She administers several memory and problem-solving tasks to a group of 20-year-olds, a group of 40-year-olds, and a group of 70-year-olds. Maneesha is using a _____ research design. a) longitudinal b) cross-sectional c) correlational d) simultaneous

b) cross-sectional

When an infant gazes more intently at a new stimulus, researchers conclude that the infant recognizes that stimulus as different. It follows that the infant has: a) an inborn preference for the new stimulus b) remembered the original stimulus, making the new stimulus seem different c) become habituated to the new stimulus d) developed a preference for a stimulus that facilitates social responsiveness

b) remembered the original stimulus, making the new stimulus seem different

When Mrs. Perez touched her newborn's lips, he produced an automatic response called the _____ reflex. a) rooting b) sucking c) startle d) grasping

b) sucking

Nine months after conception, a baby girl named Tracy is born. The stages of her prenatal development, from first to last, are: a) fetus, embryo, zygote b) zygote, embryo, fetus c) zygote, fetus, embryo d) embryo, zygote, fetus

b) zygote, embryo, fetus

Twenty-five-year-old Jonah is wondering whether his rate of sperm cell production is within the normal range. For a man his age, his doctor will MOST likely tell him that the average rate of production is about _____ sperm per second. a) 100,000 b) 10,000 c) 1000 d) 100

c) 1000

Mark thinks that language development over the life span requires a slow but steady shaping process. His belief is MOST directly relevant to the issue of: a) free will and determinism b) nature and nurture c) continuity and stages d) stability and change

c) continuity and stages

Dr. Grove studies how obesity rates change from childhood through old age. Dr. Grove is MOST likely a _____ psychologist. a) cognitive b) clinical c) developmental d) behavioral

c) developmental

Candice tosses a newly purchased felt mouse across the floor; her cat chases it excitedly, clutches it in its paws, and rolls around with it. Several tosses later, her cat yawns pointedly and settles itself for a nap. The change in the cat's behavior BEST illustrates: a) accommodation b) adaptation c) habituation d) extinction

c) habituation

Laurel loses interest in a new song after it is played frequently on her favorite music-streaming station. Laurel's experience BEST illustrates: a) adaptation b) accommodation c) habituation d) extinction

c) habituation

Which of these major issues is NOT among those emphasized by developmental psychologists? a) nature and nurture b) continuity and stages c) person and situation d) stability and change

c) person and situation

Every time Mrs. Thomas touches her baby's left cheek, the baby turns that cheek toward her mother and opens her mouth. The reflex that is triggered by the mother's touch is known as the _____ reflex. a) startle b) grasping c) rooting d) sucking

c) rooting

Danielle is consulting her college's course catalog. The description of one psychology course begins, "This course surveys growth and change across the life span in physical, cognitive, and social domains." This course is MOST likely: a) developmental psychology b) biological psychology

developmental psychology

The correct order of prenatal development is _____, embryo, and, finally, fetus

zygote

Amanda is pregnant. Her baby's intestinal system is beginning to develop. The baby is in the _____ stage of prenatal development. a) teratogen b) embryo c) zygote d) fetus

b) embryo

Teratogens are: a) the chemical basis of heredity b) harmful agents or substances that can cause malfunctions or defects in an embryo or fetus c) long threadlike structures composed of twisted parallel strands of DNA d) agents or substances that protect the embryo and the fetus

b) harmful agents or substances that can cause malfunctions or defects in an embryo or fetus

A developmental psychologist is interested in the visual abilities of newborn children. Baby Katherine is participating in a study of newborns' visual abilities. While her mother holds Katherine, a psychologist shows the baby a variety of images. Katherine will look the longest at an image of a: a) zebra b) human face c) hammer d) box of matches

b) human face

Five-year-old Ami is beginning to show signs of being able to plan ahead in a somewhat rational manner. At this age, this development is likely due to: a) the pruning process b) neural networks sprouting in her frontal lobes c) increased neurotransmitters available in her synaptic gaps d) an increase in serotonin pathways

b) neural networks sprouting in her frontal lobes

Brenda has suffered from epilepsy all her life. She takes Trileptal to control her seizures. Recently, she found out she is pregnant with her first child. She read that her medication is a Category C medication meaning the benefits may outweigh the risks; however, no adequate studies have been performed on the medication for pregnant women. Although she is excited to be pregnant, she is concerned about continuing to take the medication. She asks her doctor whether Trileptal is a: a) depressant b) zygote c) teratogen d) hallucinogen

c) teratogen

Gabriel recently signed up for a website that reunites one with former classmates from grade school. He is curious to see if many of his former friends still look and act the same. Research on stability and change would predict: a) everyone will be unrecognizable by appearance but not by personality b) everyone will look the same but have completely different personalities than before c) that some things about his friends will be the same whereas other aspects will be quite different d) that most of his friends will look and act the same

c) that some things about his friends will be the same whereas other aspects will be quite different

A woman who is 7 months pregnant has been reciting poems and singing to her fetus. Is she wasting her time? a) Yes, she is wasting her time. Until the eighth month of pregnancy, babies cannot hear inside the uterus b) Yes, she is wasting her time. Babies cannot hear inside the uterus at all c) No, she is not wasting her time. Her baby can hear her, but it is unlikely her baby will recognize her voice immediately after birth d) No, she is not wasting her time. Her baby can hear her and will likely recognize her voice immediately after birth

d) No, she is not wasting her time. Her baby can hear her and will likely recognize her voice after birth

Dr. Joachim warns a pregnant patient that her recreational use of a particular drug may cause harm to her fetus. The drug is classified as: a) deoxyribonucleic acid b) a zygote c) a chromosome d) a teratogen

d) a teratogen

It is now 6 weeks since Jennifer conceived. At this point, the human organism she is carrying is called a(n) _____; at the third month it will be called a(n) _____. a) embryo; zygote b) zygote; fetus c) fetus; embryo d) embryo; fetus

d) embryo; fetus

Due to complications from diabetes, Molly's pregnancy had to be terminated during the third month in order to save her life. In which stage of prenatal development did Molly have the termination? a) zygote b) embryo c) gonad d) fetal

d) fetal

When Mary puts her finger onto her newborn daughter's mouth, the baby pulls Mary's finger into her mouth. The baby is demonstrating the _____ reflex. a) startle b) rooting c) grasping d) sucking

d) sucking

Clarrisa, who has suffered from epilepsy all their life, takes Trileptal to control their seizures. Recently they became pregnant with their first child. They then checked on their medication and found that no adequate studies have been performed on the effect of the medication on pregnant women. They asked their doctor whether Trileptal was a(n): a) stimulant for fetuses b) influence on newborn reflex responses c) tatata d) teratogen

d) teratogen

According to Lawrence Kohlberg, moral reasoning is defined as the aspect of cognitive development: a) that has to do with how an individual acquires the ability to think rationally through the basic processes of social development b) involved in overcoming moral action c) that emerges when the integrity versus despair psychosocial conflict is resolved successfully d) that has to do with how an individual reasons about moral decisions

d) that has to do with how an individual reasons about moral decisions

Research shows that infants only a few weeks old prefer: a) to look at objects a few meters away b) hearing their father's language c) their father's voice to their mother's voice d) their mother's voice to another woman's voice

d) their mother's voice to another woman's voice

Dr. Murphy studies a group of schoolchildren and follows their progress through college. Dr. Murphy is MOST likely a _____ psychologist

developmental

The first sentence of the introduction to Chapter 4 in the textbook states that "life is a journey, from womb to tomb." This journey is of professional interest to _____ psychologists

developmental