Psych 201 General Psych Chapter 7

The type of memory that stores information for years is _______- ________memory.

long term

Reviewing your course notes routinely so you can catch errors early is a tip for

organizing

Storage encompasses how information is

retained over time

Short-term memory is usually only retained for as long as Blank______ seconds.

30

The human brain balances _________ information related to the facts of an experience and _________ information related to one's life story.

Blank 1: semantic Blank 2: episodic

When _______ is extensive, the person has attempted to make the to-be-remembered information meaningful and has engaged in detailed processing.

Elaboration

What theorist was a pioneer in the research on forgetting during the late 1800s?

Hermann Ebbinghaus

Which of the following best illustrates divided attention?

Lloyd is getting dressed for work while simultaneously talking on the phone with his credit card company.

Which of the following represents the portion of original learning that appears destined to be with a person virtually forever, even without rehearsal?

Permastore

_________ memory is a type of explicit memory that includes your areas of expertise, general academic knowledge, and everyday knowledge about the meanings of words and common things.

Semantic

The sights and sounds you experience as you walk through a field on a sunny day in spring are processed in ______ memory.

Sensory

True or false: Proactive interference occurs when material that was learned earlier disrupts the recall of material learned later.

True

Which of the following statements describes divided attention?

Your ability to concentrate on more than one activity at the same time.

Another word for explicit memory is _________ memory.

declarative

At which of the following levels of processing are we most likely to recall information?

deepest Level

Dr. Marsh has the General Psychology class go through an exercise in which they look at a group of objects and attempt to remember them. Then, Dr. Marsh has the class look at another group of objects and create a story involving them. The class finds the second group easier to remember because of

elaboration

The first step in memory is

encoding

When information never enters into long-term memory it is called

encoding failure

Memory is

encoding, storage, and retrieval

Hazel vividly remembers the first week in college. This is an example of ______ memory.

episodic

One day, you were talking to your friend about how you celebrated birthdays when you were younger. You tell your friend about different birthday cakes and the time you had a party at the park. Reminiscing about old times triggers ______ memory, a division of long-term memory. Multiple choice question.

episodic

___________ memory is the retention of information about the where, when, and what of life's happenings.

episodic

Recalling specific information about events such as the September 11th attacks on the United States is an example of

flashbulb memory

Alyssa can easily remember the slides of the various breeds of horses flashed up on the screen at a seminar Alyssa had attended. Alyssa is able to recall the color and appearance of each, but can't readily recall what the lecturer said. This is an example of why memory for _____ is better than that for words.

images

Alyssa can easily remember the slides of the various breeds of horses flashed up on the screen at a seminar Alyssa had attended. Alyssa is able to recall the color and appearance of each, but can't readily recall what the lecturer said. This is an example of why memory for ______ is better than that for words.

images

When you were in grade school, your two best friends were twins named Mark and Matt. Ten years later, you are living next door to twins named Martin and Monty. Much to your embarrassment, you find yourself repeatedly referring to your new neighbors (Martin and Monty) as Mark and Matt. This can be explained by

interference theory.

Which of the following is a relatively permanent type of memory that stores huge amounts of information?

long-term

The reminiscence bump is the effect that adults remember ______ from the second and third decades of life than from other decades.

more events

Another term for implicit memory is _______ memory.

non-declarative

In which theory are memories neither abstract concepts nor large knowledge structures, but are more like electrical impulses?

parallel distributed processing

A type of explicit long-term memory that represents that portion of original learning that appears to be with a person pretty much forever is called ____________ memory.

permastore

An implicit memory for skills is known as ______ memory.

procedural

Jon hasn't ridden a bicycle for five years; yet Jon is able to ride. This is an example of

procedural memory.

An essay test relies on the memory task called

recall

In comparison to recognition tasks, _________ tasks do not provide enough retrieval cues for the correct answer.

recall

A recall task such as an essay exam has poor ________ cues to the correct answer.

retrieval

After years of taking French, you study Spanish. When the word for "red" in Spanish is required, you correctly say "rojo." But you can't remember the French word for red. This is an example of

retroactive interference

Mimi is enthusiastic about baking and has used her grandmother's apple pie recipe for a number of years. Lately, she has been enrolled in pastry classes where she has learned to make 6 varieties of apple pie, so when she tries to make her grandmother's recipe, she becomes confused about ingredients. This is an example of

retroactive interference.

Sandy has a lot of general knowledge, not tied to a particular time or place, about international affairs. This is an example of __________ memory.

semantic

Which of the following are systems in the brain that record different information from an experience?

semantic, episonic

Which of the following statements describes explicit memory?

the conscious recollection of specific facts about an event or situation

Encoding is

the initial step of getting information into memory storage.

Psychologists describe memory as

the retention of information or experience over time.

Ellen tried to remember the grocery list, but was only able to remember eggs and butter (which were listed at the top) and juice and cereal (which were listed at the bottom). This illustrates

the serial position effect.

Which of the following statements describes implicit memory?

the unconscious recollection of how to do something

Encoding failure occurs when the information

was never entered into long-term memory.

Memory retrieval takes place

when information that was retained in memory comes out of storage.

______ concluded that most forgetting takes place soon after we learn something.

Hermann Ebbinghaus

____________ is how information is retained over time and how it is represented in memory.

Storage

Your recollections of experiences with your childhood best friend uses Blank______ memory.

autobiographical