Psych 2220 - Quiz 1

The development of _________ has provided a new level of advantage for gathering information from research participants at specific times, often randomly selected, throughout a given day.

smartphones

As a researcher, you decide that you are very interested in peoples' everyday behavior (i.e., daily social interactions and activities). Therefore, you decide to use an electronically activated recorder, or EAR device, to capture the acoustic diary of participants' days as they naturally unfold. In this scenario, you are:

studying daily behavior

Which doctoral degree in psychology was first introduced in 1973, and places a greater emphasis on clinical training and practice as opposed to the development of scientific research skills?

the scientist-practitioner model

Hermann von Helmholtz studied the physiology of vision and hearing. Given the physical nature of his work, why is he considered important to the development of psychology as a discipline?

He noted that the mind could be measured using scientific methods.

Why is Wilhelm Wundt often credited as being responsible for the initial development of modern psychology?

He promoted the idea that psychology could be studied scientifically and provided classes, textbooks, and a laboratory for training students.

G. Stanley Hall is, perhaps, one of the most prolific of the early American Psychologists. Which would NOT be accurately included in a list of his accomplishments?

He published the first American textbook of psychology, The Principles of Psychology, in 1890.

Dr. Hart is interested in the role of relationships in preventing heart disease. As her patients come into her office in Bluebell, Alabama, she asks them two questions: Are you a in a relationship? Have you experienced any heart problems in the last 8 years? Based on her findings, she concludes that relationships cause cardiovascular (heart) problems. One issue with her methodology is that the results are not generalizable. What does this mean?

Her results may not be true for the entire population.

Who was the German physiologist whose early work involved measuring the speed of neural impulses and exploring the physiology of hearing?

Hermann Von Helmholtz

Of the following, which was NOT among the early psychologists who were functionalists and who were influenced by Charles Darwin's evolutionary theory?

Joseph Horne

This noted woman was an accomplished student of William James. She studied at Harvard University but was denied her doctoral degree simply because she was a woman. She later went on to be the first woman elected to be president of the American Psychological Association.

Mary Whiton Calkins

Which of the following best describes the difference between structuralism and functionalism?

Structuralists are interested in what the mind is and functionalists are interested in what the mind does.

Psychologist Edward Titchener was displeased with the general mission of the American Psychological Association, which led him to form a new professional association. What was it called?

The Society of Experimental Psychologists

Wendell is writing a biography of James McKeen Cattell. He wants to include a criticism of Cattell's thought and work. Which objection be the most valid?

Wendell does not believe in eugenics, or the idea that society would be aided by selective breeding of the most intelligent citizens.

Dru is reading about the different types of research. If he reads, "This type of research has the primary advantage of allowing a scientist to determine cause and effect relationships," what kind of research method is he studying?

a laboratory experiment

What kind of research is traditionally considered to be the "gold standard" in psychology research?

a laboratory experiment

For your senior project, you want to learn more about the effect of brain damage on an individual's ability to learn a new language. You don't really have the time or resources to observe or interview and talk to people with brain damage. Ethically, you can't manipulate the independent variable. You need something that is quick and easy so you can turn your project in on time. Based on what you know about different research methods and designs, which approach to research would you use?

a survey

Gestalt psychology, with its emphasis on topics such as learning and perception, was an important early precursor to the rise of ________ psychology in America.

cognitive

Mathilda is being asked by a researcher to think about things that happened to her yesterday. "Start with getting up in the morning," she is told, "and try to recount what happened step by step until I ask you to stop." Mathilda is taking part in a study that utilizes the __________ method.

day reconstruction

Dr. Sharma wants to study the extent to which stress is related to suicidal ideation in people who suffer from depression. She gathers information about the level of stress, depressive symptoms, and suicidal thoughts a set of participants experience the day after they attend the funeral of a loved one. Because this study is assessing people under conditions that are not typical of everyday life, it is lacking in __________ validity

ecological

The belief that knowledge is best acquired as a direct result of experience is called ________.

empiricism

The famous Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe observed and charted the movement of the stars across the night sky. His approach to astronomy was different than many earlier astronomers whose theories were informed by religion, philosophy and politics. Brahe was clearly a proponent of ________, which emphasizes observation and personal experience.

empiricism

_______ refers to a policy of selective breeding founded on the belief that society can be improved by promoting reproduction among the most highly intelligent of its citizens.

eugenics

What is the advantage of a field study over a laboratory study?

increased external validity

The degree to which a study allows unambiguous causal inferences has ________.

internal validity

When researchers take special care to include and control for every possible variable, the study is likely to have high ___________, even though the results may not generalize to a more realistic situation.

internal validity

Emilio has taught himself to savor each bite of his meals. He closes his eyes, focuses intensely on the flavors of his food, and maximizes his enjoyment of every bite. His ability to focus intently on the sensation and perception of taste is similar to Wilhelm Wundt's procedure of ________.

introspection

With which research question would psychologist James McKeen Cattell be most likely to write an article or conduct a study?

Is society better when the unintelligent among us are prohibited from having children?

In what way did the behavioral perspective in psychology differ with almost every other perspective to come before it?

It rejected any reference to "the mind" and focused on observable behavior as the only legitimate topic of the field.

Dr. Tylka is conducting research about the risk of developing eating disorders in adolescent boys. She concludes that her findings apply not only to the sample of high school boys she studied, but to other males in other settings and contexts. In this regard, Dr. Tylka is stating that her findings have high __________ validity.

external

The degree to which a study ensures that potential findings apply to settings and samples other than the ones being studied refers to:

external validity

The ability to arrive at broad conclusions based on smaller ones is known as __________. It requires that the sample under investigation be representative of the larger population from which it was drawn.

generalizibility

Halaina is a participant in research being conducted by Wilhelm Wundt. In the study, she is asked to push a button as quickly as she can after she hears an audible tone. This study examines reaction time, or what Wundt might have called ________

mental chronometry

What is the term for an electrochemical signal that enables a neuron to communicate with other cells?

neural impulse

Darla is a student studying the relationship between physical stimuli and peoples' perceptions of those stimuli. In which academic area is Darla earning her degree?

psychophysics

Imagine that researchers were interested in learning about public support for gay marriage. If the researchers analyzed Facebook posts regarding the acceptance or rejection of homosexuality (via opinions in status updates, article posts, or groups they officially like), they would be

studying online behavior

Imagine that you are part of a study that measures your heart rate and breathing throughout the day. For the most part, your heart rate and breathing only changes when you exercise or are very excited. However, it seems like every time you visit the researcher to get your equipment updated, your heart rate and breathing spike for seemingly no reason. This phenomenon is referred to as:

white coat hypertension