Psych 2301 Final
Developmental psychologists divide lifespan into:
nine age-related stages of development
DSM-5 is a book that describes more than _____ specific psychological disorders
260
Which famous Greek philosopher wrote extensively about psychological topics such as sleep and dreaming, the senses, memory, and learning?
Aristotle
Psychologists formally define learning as:
a process that produces a relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge as a result of past experience.
Ivan Pavlov was a(n):
Russian physiologist
Which of the following best describes DNA?
a double-stranded molecule that encodes genetic information
What discovery sparked Pavlov's interest in the phenomenon that eventually became known as classical conditioning?
dogs displayed a reflexive response before the stimulus was presented rather than after it was presented
Which best characterizes the typical course of human development?
gradually unfolding changes throughout the ages and stages of life characterize human development
Psychology is formally defined as the scientific:
study of behavior and mental processes
Regarding the difference between normal and abnormal behavior, which of the following statements is TRUE?
the difference between normal and abnormal is often a matter of degree
Which of the following statements is true?
the dividing line between normal and abnormal behavior is often determined by the social or cultural context in which a particular behavior occurs
Which of the following statements best represents contemporary thinking on the nature/nurture issue?
the relationship between genetics and environment is interactive, each influences the other
What was Pavlov studying when he began his studies on the phenomenon that eventually became known as classical conditioning?
the role of salvia in digestion
In response to cutting an onion, airborne irritants released by the onion will cause your eyes to automatically water or produce tears. Using Pavlov's terminology, the tears would be termed an:
UCR
In response to a cold temperature, your body will shiver reflexively. Using Pavlov's terminology, the cold temperature would be termed as:
UCS
Interactive dualism is the idea that:
mind and body are separate entities that interact to produce conscious experiences
According to the Critical Thinking section, which of the following statements about people with psychological disorders is TRUE?
multiple studies have found that people with major mental illness belong to one of the most stigmatized groups in modern society
For centuries, philosophers debated which was more important: the inborn________ of the individual or the environmental influences that______ the individual
nature, nurture
Which of the following statements about DSM-5 is FALSE?
DSM-5 is of little practical value to clinical psychologists and other mental health workers because it merely describes the symptoms of mental illness and does not explain what causes them
In thinking about psychology and consciousness, the idea that the mind and the body are separate entities that interact makes a lot of sense to you. This view is most like of:
Descartes
The acronym "DSM-5" stands for:
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition
Which of the following statements is true?
In contemporary psychology, the nature-nurture issue explores the influence of hereditary versus environmental factors on behavior
Who discovered the basic process of classical conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov
A study by psychologist Henry Steadman and his colleagues monitored behavior of more than 1,000 former mental patients.......... What did the study find?
The former mental patients did not have a higher rate of violence than the comparison group
DSM-5 provides mental health professionals with:
both a common language for labeling mental disorders and comprehensive guidelines for diagnosing them.
Kylie is studying how language abilities change throughout adulthood, and Kelly is studying cognitive changes in late adulthood. Both Kylie and Kelly are conducting studies in which area of psychology?
developmental psychology
The process of learning associations between environmental events and behavioral responses is called:
conditioning
Some aspects of development, such as parental development and language development are closely tied to______ which are periods during which a child is maximally sensitive to environmental influnces
critical periods
Which of the following best represents psychology's basic goals?
describe, explain, predict and influence behavior
Dr. professors's research examines cognitive changes that occur as people progress from young adulthood to late adulthood. Dr. professor is a ______ psychologist
developmental
The study of how people change physically, mentally, and socially throughout the lifespan is called:
developmental psychology
In terms of development, a critical period:
is a period during which a child is maximally sensitive to environmental influences
In psychology, the term conditioning refers to:
learning associations between environmental events and behavioral responses
Research has investigated wether people with mental disorders are significantly more violent and dangerous than other groups of people. What was the basic findings?
people who have a serve mental disorder in which they are delusional or hallucinating have a slightly higher level of violent behavior than people who do not have a mental disorder
Which of the following fields had the greatest impact on the emergence of psychology as a separate scientific discipline?
physiology
______ is a branch of biology that studies the functions and parts of living organisms, including humans
physiology
French philosopher Rene Descartes:
promoted a doctrine called interactive dualism
The term ______ refers to the scientific study of the origins, symptoms, and development of psychological disorders
psychopathology
The term elicited is:
used in classical conditioning and means that the stimulus "draws out" or causes an existing behavior to occur.
At the moment of conception, each person begins life as a single cell, which is called a
zygote