Psych 2301, Quiz 2

Peer reviewers ____ .

Help ensure quality control in reporting scientific findings

I group of preschool-age children are enrolled in a study that plans to follow them overtime in order to assess behaviors and other characteristics that may predict later development of schizophrenia. This is an example of a(n) ____ design.

Longitudinal

________ research uses past records or data sets to investigate research questions or to look for patterns or relationships.

archival

____ is a reduction and the number of research participants as some drop out of the study over time.

attrition

The possible range for a correlation coefficient is ________.

between -1 and +1

Dr. Mattar is interested in knowing more about brain injury to the occipital cortex, and he studies patients individually in order to gain in-depth knowledge about their behaviors. These studies would best be described as ________.

case studies

Krista and Tatiana Hogan are participants in a(n) ____ of conjoined twins who are joined at the head.

case study

Which of the following research designs will allow cause-and-effect conclusions?

experimental

______ assesses the consistency of observations by different observers.

inter-rater reliability

A sample that ________ is most likely to yield generalizable results.

is large and randomly selected

________ research studies the same groups of participants over time.

longitudinal

Patwardhan et al. report data from a study where they hired experimental confederates to attend speed dating events, posing as daters, and carefully take notes on the behaviors of the daters. What type of research design did they use?

naturalistic observation

In order to maximize the chances that experimental groups represent the population of interest, researchers should conduct ________ and ________.

random sampling; random group assignment

Research describing a link between childhood vaccines and autism has been ________.

retracted due to a financial conflict of interest by the author

Green et al. used a ________ from their ________ of interest in order to make a ________.

sample; population; generalization

A _____ is a graphical view of the strength and direction of a correlation.

scatterplot

What is a limitation that affects the generalizability of research results?

small sample size

Which of the following represents a weak positive correlation?

+0.2

Which of the following represents a strong negative correlation?

- 0.9

Which correlation coefficient best represents a moderate relationship showing fewer anxiety symptoms in people who report higher life satisfaction?

0.5

Researchers are conducting a study where they have concerns that the participant's beliefs and/or the experimenter's beliefs may skew the results. Therefore, they choose to conduct a _______ study.

Double-blind

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a good hypothesis?

It is complex.

________, an anthropologist, contributed to our understanding of chimpanzee behavior in the wild, using naturalistic observation.

Jane Goodall

Trephination is the _____________.

Procedure where a large hole is created in the forehead so that evil spirits can escape.

Stan and Jenny are in a psychology course that requires them to repeat an experiment that researchers have conducted in the past, in order to determine whether they produce the same results. This is called ________ .

Replication

In order to assess Weather viewpoints on decriminalization of marijuana for medical purposes change with age, for groups of participants, ages 20, 30, 40, and 50, are asked whether they support this issue. What is one flaw of this design?

Social or cultural factors may influence the results, not age.

A(n) ______ is conducted In order to determine whether there are meaningful difference is between two groups in a study.

Statistical Analysis

Research shows that people who smoke cigarettes are more likely to get one cancer than those who don't smoke. This research alone demonstrates that _______ .

There is a relationship between smoking and lung cancer

Leslie, sociology major, Believes that money is the key to happiness. Her friend Stephen, a psychology major, believes the good health is the key to happiness. How might the two friends resolve their disagreement?

They could research peer-reviewed articles to see if their perspective is supported

Which of the following is not a potential problem associated with the relying on college students As participants and psychological research?

They have higher attrition rates than other populations.

Sandra strongly believes that attending daycare is detrimental to children's development so she decides to write her psychology term paper on this topic. She does a literature search and finds several sources supporting her opinion, but she finds that the majority of research indicates that children attending daycare experience healthy development. She writes a paper using the sources that find negative associations with daycare attendance. This is an example of ________.

confirmation bias

A(n) ________ is a variable that affects both variables of interest and may falsely give the impression of a cause-and-effect relationship.

confounding variable

_____ means that There is a relationship between two or more variables.

correlation

Harrison et al. are conducting a study assessing the ability of depressed versus non-depressed participants to remember negative emotions in a short story about a family whose car breaks down. They plan to ask participants to read the story and then make a list of the emotions expressed in the story. Before beginning the study, they make a list of negative emotions (e.g., sadness and anger) that they will record from the participants' responses. In this example, negative emotions are the ________.

dependent variable

In a ________ study, both the researchers and the participants are unaware of the group assignments.

double blind

The belief that strange behavior is linked to the occurrence of a full moon is an example of a(n) ________.

illusory correlation

Spurling et al. investigated the effects of two vocabulary learning strategies on word retention two weeks later. In this example, learning strategy is the ________ variable and word retention is the ________ variable.

independent and dependent

The ______ is controlled by the experimenter.

independent variable

A negative correlation means _____.

one variable decreases as the other increases

A(n) _____ Is a description of how the researchers will measure of the variables of interest.

operational definition

Simply expecting something to happen can make it happen. This describes ________.

placebo effect

Drs. Goran and Lieberman are interested in assessing differences in pain threshold between men and women. They recruit male and female participants to a study that assesses tolerance for thermal pain. This is an example of a(n) ________ study.

quasi-experimental

On a graph of a correlation coefficient, points falling near to a straight sloped line indicate ________.

strong correlation

What is one task that a peer reviewer is not likely to participate in?

suggesting magazines that may be interested in publishing the research

A(n) _____ is a well developed set of ideas that proposes an explanation for observed phenomena.

theory

The ________ group does not get the experimental treatment.

to control

A basic experiment involves a minimum of ________ participant group(s).

two

Devine et al. are interested in assessing whether active versus passive play causes a preference for sweet or salty foods in toddlers. They assign groups of children to either an active play, passive play, or no play group and record their food choices when presented with a variety of sweet and salty foods. In this study, ________ is the independent variable and ________ is the control group.

type of play; no play

Which of the following would be the best example of a valid naturalistic observation study in driving behavior?

watching footage obtained from cameras set up unobtrusively on various streets

Which of the following would be difficult to assess using Empirical research?

whether the id, ego, or superego is most responsible for emotional reactions