Psych 282 Exam I

The average performance score on an intelligence quotient (IQ) test is ________.

100

Sam can't leave for work without going back into his house and making sure that he has taken all of his writing materials. He does this several times before he allows himself to start the car and drive to work. He is frequently late for work because he is so unsure about remembering everything. Sam is displaying:

A Checking Compulsion

Which of the following statements is true about the diathesis-stress model of the development of disorders?

A biological, psychological, or social vulnerability combines with a biological, psychological, or social trigger, causing a disorder to manifest.

A pattern of anxiety, insomnia, depression, and flashbacks that begins shortly after a horrible event and persists for less than a month is called:

Acute Stress Disorder

Tina and her parents live on a farm where field mice are very common. One night, a mouse crawled on Tina while she was sleeping. The experience frightened Tina so badly that she now avoids any situation where she might come across a mouse. She always checks her bed carefully each night. Tina is most likely exhibiting behaviors related to ________.

An Animal Type Phobia

During 28-year-old Sophia's second visit to the psychologist, the clinician gave her a symptom questionnaire that assessed her symptoms of loss of interest, low motivation, and changes in her appetite. Sophia most likely received the ________.

Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)

________ disorders last for long periods of time, while ________ disorders have a more recent and abrupt onset of severe symptoms.

Chronic; acute

Dr. Mosley has a PhD in psychology and sees patients on a regular basis, but does not prescribe medication. He specializes in psychotherapy for adolescents and young children. Dr. Mosley is most likely a ________.

Clinical Psychologist

2. Assume variables X and Y are correlated. A researcher would be able to make the MOST accurate predictions of scores on variable Y if the correlation between X and Y is:

Closest to 1, -1 (-.53)

As part of a research study, Margaret wants to determine if religious environments will influence the consumption of alcohol among freshmen. She has several hundred freshmen complete her survey. Once the data have been collected, she analyzes the scores. Which of the following is the dependent variable in this study?

Consumption of alcohol

Dr. Samuel wants to study the relationship between test anxiety and age. His participants are third-, fourth-, and fifth-graders who will be studied over a three-year period. He does not wish to establish a cause-effect relationship between variables. This is an example of a(n):

Cross-Sectional Study

Explaining the purpose of a research study and answering participants' questions at the end of the study is known as:

Debriefing

The classification system most widely used in the United States for diagnosing psychological disorders is the ________.

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

People who have a biological vulnerability for anxiety that is brought to the surface by social/psychological factors develop generalized anxiety disorders, according to the:

Diathesis-Stress Model

________ developed a scheme of classifying symptoms into discrete disorders that is the basis for our modern classification systems.

Emil Kraepelin

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a consequence of:

Experiencing Extreme Stressors

All of the following are ways to meet Criterion A for PTSD (Exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence) EXCEPT:

Experiencing repeated exposure to traumatic events through electronic media and images outside of a work context.

Which of the following symptoms is NOT a criterion for diagnosing Generalized Anxiety Disorder?

Headaches

Which of the following statements is true of acute stress disorder?

It is diagnosed when symptoms arise within one month of exposure to a stressor and last no longer than six months.

In the late 1700s, James was isolated from the public by his family members on account of his mental illness. His family kept him locked in a room, and brought him his meals. However, his brother began to allow him to move more freely throughout the house. In addition, he was allowed to sit outside and work in the garden. The new approach to James' caregiving is representative of the ________.

Moral Treatment Model

Biochemicals that carry impulses from one neuron to another in the brain and in other parts of the nervous system are called ________

Neurotransmitters

Repetitive, intrusive, unwanted thoughts and images that induce anxiety are called ____________, while the behaviors individuals feel that they must engage in to reduce this anxiety are called _______________.

Obsessions; compulsions

More women than men experience all of the following disorders EXCEPT:

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Which of the following is NOT true about the interaction between genes and the environment?

Personalities and interests are not reinforced by the environments we choose.

Dorian was only 10 miles away when Mt. St. Helens exploded with one of the largest blasts in history. There was ash and lava everywhere, and he was terrified and sure he was going to die. He was terrified to the core of his being. When rescue teams found him a week later, he was cold, hungry, and scared. More than a year later he still has nightmares and wakes up in a cold sweat. This description BEST fits a(n):

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

As discussed in class, what are the two best, most effective treatments for PTSD?

Prolonged Exposure & Cognitive Processing Therapy

The bio-psycho-social model focuses on the interplay between all of the following components, (psychological, Sociocultural, biological) EXCEPT:

Psychodynamic

Tina's parents are concerned because she seems to have trouble writing. She often writes her numbers backwards and misspells words. The school suggests that they seek psychological counseling for Tina, especially since the problem occurred after the family's car accident. Why might the family need a psychologist?

Psychologists can assess cognitive deficits such as learning disabilities.

In the video of Lone Star Swan, despite his lack of expressed distress about his symptoms, he exhibited:

Psychotic symptoms, mental illness, and abnormal behavior

A test that is consistent in measuring what it is supposed to measure is considered to have ________.

Reliability

Anna is terrified of speaking in public. She always finds an excuse to avoid public speaking or gets someone to speak for her. Once, Anna had a full-blown panic attack when her boss called on her unexpectedly to speak at a meeting. Anna is most likely exhibiting symptoms of:

Social Anxiety Disorder

Looking for rainbows while walking the dog in the rain is an example of a:

Stress Responce

When Kathryn was visiting her grandmother one summer, a snake crawled onto the front porch and bit her. Since then, Kathryn has been dreadfully afraid of snakes. Which technique would a behavioral therapist most likely use in this situation to help Kathryn get rid of her phobia?

Systematic desensitization

Margaret is a 27-year-old soccer mom who never misses her daughter's games. Her friends argue that her behavior is embarrassing, and she is making a fool of herself when she repeatedly yells and jumps to her feet. Margaret insists that no one is paying attention to her behavior and states, "It's a soccer game-people are expected to get excited!" Which of the following determines whether Margaret's behavior is normal?

The context in which it is performed

All of the following criteria are required to diagnose an Adjustment Disorder EXCEPT:

The symptoms are consistent with normal bereavement.

Which term refers to the accuracy of a test in assessing what it is supposed to measure?

Validity

principal diagnosis

a diagnosis of a condition that is chiefly responsible for the admission or treatment of an individual

The cerebral cortex is responsible for:

advanced thinking processes

On Lee's first visit to a psychologist's office, the psychologist asks him a series of questions about his personal and family history. These questions:

are part of his initial interview.

Mark takes a test to measure his general level of anxiety. After taking the test, Mark realizes that the test contains questions only on the physical symptoms of anxiety and no questions on the cognitive symptoms, which are equally important aspects of the phenomenon of anxiety. In this case, the test mostly lacks ________.

content validity

provisional diagnosis

diagnosis made when there is a strong presumption that the fill criteria for a disorder will be met, but not enough information is available to make a firm diagnosis yet

Four D's of Abnormality

dysfunction, distress, deviance, and dangerousness

Mark's house was broken into, and the perpetrator brutally attacked him. Since the attack, he has been overly cautious and watchful. The smallest noise startles him. If someone looks at him "strangely," he becomes very anxious. Mark is most likely:

exhibiting hypervigilance and chronic arousal.

The stated goal of humanistic therapy is to:

help clients discover their greatest potential through self-exploration

One distinction that DSM-5 makes between acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder is based on:

how long the symptoms last.

Operant conditioning theory states that learning:

is affected by the consequences of behavior.

A psychic epidemic broke out in the early 1990s in a Rhode Island high school. The students and their teachers experienced nausea, headaches, dizziness, and symptoms of mild carbon monoxide intoxication. The behaviors were attributed to:

mass hysteria prompted by fears of chemical warfare.

Darin participated as a subject in a double-blind experimental study. In this study:

neither Darin nor the experimenter knew who received the treatment.

The continuum model of abnormality demonstrates that

no sharp line exists between what is normal and abnormal

Suddenly and without warning, and without apparent cause, Melissa acted as if there was a cataclysmic emergency, and she became paralyzed with fear for several minutes. She probably had a(n) ________________.

panic attack

A ________ between stress and depression would mean that people who report more stressors have higher levels of depression, and a ________ would mean that people who report more stressors actually have lower levels of depression.

positive correlation; negative correlation

The pituitary gland is responsible for:

producing a variety of hormones and controlling the secretion of other endocrine glands.

In the DSM, specifiers do what?

provide an opportunity to define a more homogeneous subgroup of individuals and convey information relevant to the management of a disorder

Epidemiological studies:

provide valuable information on the prevalence, incidence, and risk factors for disorders.

Which of the following neurotransmitters plays an important role in regulating emotional well-being and aggressive impulses?

serotonin

When an observer takes into account the context or circumstances surrounding someone's behavior to determine whether they are normal or abnormal, it means that:

the observer considers the behavior normal if it seems appropriate for that particular situation.

A representative sample in research means that:

the participants in the sample are highly typical of the population of interest.

Cognitive theories focus on ________.

thoughts and beliefs

The practice of drilling circular holes in the skulls of people displaying abnormal behaviors in order to free evil spirits was known as ________.

trephination

The psychodynamic perspective views abnormality as being influenced by:

unconscious processes.