Psych 4

What is a major criticism of Maslow's hierarchy of needs? - It does not take gender differences into account. - It is humanistic. - It is subjective. - It only accounts for the objective world.

It is subjective

Who suggested that men have womb envy because they cannot give birth? - Abraham Maslow - Carl Jung - Karen Horney - Sigmund Freud

Karen Horney

Which parenting style is most encouraged in modern America? - authoritarian - authoritative - disorganized - permissive

authoritative

Jory, a six year old, is picking out a card for his mother's birthday. He picks the card with a picture of Lightning McQueen, reasoning that since he loves Cars his mother does to. What does this exemplify? - conservation - egocentrism - pretend play - reversibility

egocentrism

Children in the ________ stage can use abstract thinking to problem solve, look at alternative solutions, and test these solutions. - concrete operational - formal operational - preoperational - sensorimotor

formal operational

If a pregnant person contracts a virus during a key period in pregnancy, this can increase the risk of: - gender dysphoria - depression - attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) - schizophrenia

schizophrenia

Immanuel Kant used the terms persistent, steadfast, and calm to describe a ________ person. - choleric - melancholic - phlegmatic - sanguine

phlegmatic

Which of the following is the time immediately following an orgasm during which an individual is incapable of experiencing another orgasm? - plateau - refractory period - resolution - retroactive period

refractory period

Karn and Peter have been married for nearly 40 years and have 2 children. When was the period of their marriage when they likely had the lowest marital satisfaction? - when their children were 5 years old and younger - when their children left home for college - when their children were teenagers - when they were newly married

when their children were teenagers

Which of the following is the best example of a habit? - chewing on your hair to relieve stress - spontaneously stopping to get a milkshake on the way home from work - surprising your grandmother with a visit on Saturday - unexpectedly running into your friend at the supermarket

chewing on your hair to relieve stress

According to Galen, the ________ person is passionate, ambitious, and bold. - choleric - melancholic - phlegmatic - sanguine

choleric

The ________ approach to the study of personality came about in reaction to the dominance of Western approaches to the study of personality in non-Western settings. - culture - feminist - indigenous - TEMAS

indigenous

Which of the following is not a developmental issue children face during the preoperational stage? - egocentrism - language development - object permanence - pretend play

object permanence

When children develop theory-of-mind (TOM), they can recognize that ________. - a pound of feathers weighs the same as a pound of dirt - hidden objects are still there - others have false beliefs - what goes up must come down

others have false beliefs

What does nature refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate? - cognitive capacity - environment and culture - genes and biology - language acquisition

genes and biology

According to Sigmund Freud, an adult who smokes, drinks, overeats, or bites her nails is fixated in the ________ stage of her psychosexual development. - anal - genital - oral - phallic

oral

Once children reach the preschool stage (ages 3-6 years), they are capable of originating activities and asserting control over their world through social interactions and play. What is the primary developmental task of this stage? - autonomy vs. shame/doubt - generativity vs. stagnation - initiative vs. guilt - intimacy vs. isolation

initiative vs. guilt

Which of the following is the best descriptor of how personality changes over time? - it does not change - it changes in several large shifts over time - it changes in small constant shifts over time - it changes but only during young adulthood

it changes in small constant shifts over time

Jacob had trouble matching his facial expressions to the appropriate emotion or correctly interpreting others' emotional cues from their facial expressions. He needed more help from his _____: - mirror neurons - social neurons - cognitive appraisals - cultural cues

mirror neurons

Kade was born with female genitalia however feels masculine. This relates to Kade's: - sexual orientation - gender identity - gender dysphoria - gender conversion

gender identity

Balancing, running, and jumping are all examples of ________ motor skills. - fine - gross - moving - physical

gross

Carl Jung referred to the ________ as the mask we adopt. - id - ideal self - persona - superego

persona

18-month-old Gordon learned the schema for apples. When Gordon sees tomatoes at the grocery store, he says, "Look mommy, apples!" His mother tells him that the food he sees at the store is a tomato, not an apple. He now has separate schemata for tomatoes and apples. This exemplifies ________. - accommodation - assimilation - exclusion - inclusion

accommodation

Jessica believes that she succeeds in high school because she works hard, earned a place on the basketball team because she practices constantly, and cooks well because she takes cooking classes. Julian Rotter would say that Jessica has ________. - an external locus on control - an internal locus of control - good self-regulation - poor self-regulation

an internal locus of control

In Albert Bandura's social-cognitive theory, behavior refers to ________. - actions that are not internally motivated - anything an individual does that can be punished or rewarded - reactions that are externally motivated - specific actions that result in reactions

anything an individual does that can be punished or rewarded

Which of the following examples accurately reflects the Yerkes-Dodson law? - A high level of arousal will lead to optimal performance when creating a bomb. - A high level of arousal will lead to optimal performance when dusting the house. - A low level of arousal will lead to optimal performance when disarming a bomb. - A low level of arousal will lead to optimal performance when vacuuming the house.

A low level of arousal will lead to optimal performance when disarming a bomb

Kiara is a Virgo. She reads her horoscope nearly every day and finds the predictions to be mostly accurate. What psychological phenomenon helps explain Kiara's experience? - locus of control - Barnum effect - heritability - self-efficacy

Barnum effect

How is homosexuality similar to bisexuality? - Both types of sexuality can be changed through conversion therapy. - Both types of sexuality involve loving another person. - Neither type of sexuality has ever been illegal. - Neither type of sexuality involves the love of the opposite sex.

Both types of sexuality involve loving another person.

According to attachment theory, which of the following is not needed for healthy attachment? - Caregiver and child must engage in mutually enjoyable interactions. - Caregiver must be responsive to a child's emotional needs. - Caregiver must be responsive to a child's physical needs. - Caregiver must be responsive to a child's religious preference.

Caregiver must be responsive to a child's religious preference.

Asa is buying a gift for his mother, an overbearing woman who is difficult to please. When a clerk asks him who he is shopping for he replies, "my smother" instead of "my mother." What does this exemplify? - archetype - collective unconscious - Freudian slip - repressed memory

Freudian slip

What is the main difference between Sigmund Freud and the neo-Freudians? - Neo-Freudians reduced the emphasis on sex. - Neo-Freudians theorized about personality while Sigmund Freud did not. - Sigmund Freud did not emphasize childhood sexuality while the neo-Freudians did. - Sigmund Freud was a feminist while the neo-Freudians were not.

Neo-Freudians reduced the emphasis on sex.

Annaliese knows that her friend is paying an online service to write a term paper. This bothers her, but she knows that if she tells the teacher everyone will think she is a snitch. She decides her friends' approval is more important, so she says nothing about the cheating. What stage of moral reasoning does this exemplify? - conventional - formal operational - post-conventional - pre-conventional

conventional

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? The zygote is a structure connected to the uterus that provides nourishment and oxygen from the mother to the developing embryo via the umbilical cord. - The phrase "the umbilical cord" should be changed to the word "mitosis." - The word "embryo" should be changed to the word "germinal." - The word "uterus" should be changed to the word "fetus." - The word "zygote" should be changed to the word "placenta."

The word "zygote" should be changed to the word "placenta."

What is Prader-Willi syndrome? - a genetic disorder that results in persistent feelings of intense hunger and reduced rates of metabolism - an eating disorder characterized by an individual maintaining body weight that is well below average through starvation and/or excessive exercise - larger individuals have an ideal body weight, or set point, that is resistant to change and smaller individuals do not - smaller individuals have an ideal body weight, or set point, that is resistant to change and larger individuals do not

a genetic disorder that results in persistent feelings of intense hunger and reduced rates of metabolism

Amir bites his fingernails. This is an example of ________, a pattern of behavior in which we regularly engage. - a habit - a motivation - an instinct - homeostasis

a habit

According to research, the need for ________ encourages Adam to engage politely with his coworkers. - achievement - affiliation - intimacy - power

affiliation

Body dysmorphia is a ________. - distorted body image - genetic disorder that results in persistent feelings of intense hunger - type of eating disorder characterized by binge eating - type of surgery that modifies the gastrointestinal system

distorted body image

Which of the following exemplifies intrinsically motivated behavior? - attending a mosque because you believe it is the right thing to do - behaving to avoid being punished - misbehaving in order to get attention - working at a job you hate in order to afford school

attending a mosque because you believe it is the right thing to do

The ________ complex and the central ________ are both part of the amygdala. - basolateral; nucleus - James-Lange; basal - neuro; hippocampus - Schachter; neurotransmitter

basolateral; nucleus

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? According to the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory of emotion, emotions consist of two factors: physiological and social. - change the word "emotions" to the word "habits" - change the word "physiological" to the word "moods" - change the word "social" to the word "cognitive" - eliminate the word Schachter

change the word "social" to the word "cognitive"

What is the main idea of drive theory? - achieving homeostasis requires increasing the metabolic rate - deviations from commonly accepted drives result in an inability to satisfy physiological needs - deviations from homeostasis create physiological needs - failure to achieve homeostasis results in poor cognition

deviations from homeostasis create physiological needs

During the elementary school stage (ages 6-12), children begin to compare themselves to their peers to see how they measure up. They either develop a sense of accomplishment or they feel inadequate when they don't measure up. What is the primary developmental task of this stage? - autonomy vs. shame/guilt - identity vs. confusion - industry vs. inferiority - trust vs. mistrust

industry vs. inferiority

Jaleel was arriving to work early each morning in hopes of impressing his boss. However, he noticed his boss wasn't even in the office yet to notice Jaleel's early arrival. According to expectancy theory, what element would then be too low to continue the motivation for Jaleel to keep arriving early? - expectancy - valence - self-efficacy - instrumentality

instrumentality

Nia has recently started training to be an Emergency Medical Technician (EMT). She is motivated to become really knowledgeable about the required information and successfully pass her certification testing. Nia's goal orientation could be described as: - performance/approach - performance/avoidance - mastery/approach mastery/avoidance

mastery/approach

Tesla crafts imitation dream catchers in her spare time. Her father constantly encourages her to sell them on eBay. When she finally agrees to sell them, she notices that while she still enjoys making the dream catchers, she no longer does it for fun—she does it to make money. This is an example of the ________ effect. - extrinsic - intrinsic - motivation - overjustification

overjustification

Elroy decided not to cheat on the exam because he would fail the class if he was caught. What stage of moral development does this exemplify? - conventional - formal operational - post-conventional - pre-conventional

pre-conventional

Replications of the marshmallow study have suggested that demonstrating self-control or impulsivity is related to what aspect of the environment? - cultural beliefs - religiosity - violence - reliability

reliability

Rory is a 6 month old baby. There was recently a puppet show in her room at the child care center. When given a chance to play with the puppets after the show, which puppet will Rory most likely choose? - she will choose the one who was nice in the play - she will show no preference - she will choose the one who was mean in the play - she will choose the one who was a baby in the play

she will choose the one who was nice in the play

Which of the following was one of Alfred Adler's main contributions to personality theory? - advocating for analytical psychology - suggesting that our birth order shapes our personality - the idea that men have womb envy - the theory that our personality develops in psychosocial stages

suggesting that our birth order shapes our personality

In Hippocrates theory of personality, what bodily humor was associated with choleric temperament? - black bile from the kidney - red blood from the heart - white mucous from the lungs - yellow bile from the liver

yellow bile from the liver