Psych 4 Ch 8

Discrimination training vs. Operant conditioning

discrimination training: idea that you reinforce behavior at the discriminative stimulus and do not reinforce anything that does not look like a response

Spontaneous Recovery

extinction is not permanent; reappearance of extinguished behavior after a period of extinction but behavior reappears differently; at first though when behavior reappears it is greater initially (given it is not reinforced) then will die out • skinner believed that what can be reproduced because of discriminative stimulus as a queue

how can make extinction more effective: facilitate extinction through

extinguish target behavior ▪ reinforce replacement behavior ▪ called differential reinforcement of other behavior; more effective than extinction alone

How does the shape of the generalization gradient reflect the degree of generalization

generalizing behavior of pressing a lever

Explain how discrimination training leads to the peak shift effect

if you are only reinforcing a certain stimulus the peak response shifts away from where you were not being enforced

Stimulus generalization vs. discrimination

stimulus generalization: with a gradient; spread out or extended; generalization with discriminating stimulus stimulus discrimination : can discriminate or are very precise with

What are the 6 side effects of extinction? Give examples of each one.

1)extinction burst: right after you stop reinforcing behavior you see a burst in behavior; temp increase in frequency and intensity of behavior ex] owner stops giving treat and the dog begs more 2)increase in variability: change in approach to behavior ex] used to press lever with right paw but now i press with left paw 3)emotional behavior: frustration or irritation when expected response doesn't occur; mostly internal ex] don't get food after pressing lever 4 times i get mad 4)aggression: linked to increase in emotional behavior; outward expression affecting others 5)resurgence: expecting certain response and don't get it and go back where you used to get that type of reinforcement in the past; ex]you and a friend have a big fight so suggest going to their favorite restaurant ex]call parents because not getting attention from wife 6) depression: low level of activity

What are the 6 factors that influence how resistant an organism is to extinction? Be sure to distinguish between low resistance and high resistance to extinction.

1. schedule of reinforcement: intermittent: more resistant to extinction; continuous: less resistant to extinction 2. history of reinforcement: more or fewer; more is harder 3. magnitude of reinforcement: large versus small; the larger the magnitude the more resistant to extinction 4. degree of deprivation: when there is more deprivation there will be more resistance to extinction 5. previous experience with extinction: more experience is less resistance; less experience you have the more resistance ex] break ups, the more the easier 6. distinctive signal for extinction: presence of a discriminative stimulus for extinction; ex] dog sitter always gives me treats and other one does not give treats, when the god sitter without treats comes i will beg less; in presence of discriminative stimulus i will WHAT IS THE PATTERN HERE?

Extinction

behavior has been reinforced in the past; stop reinforcing a behavior and see what happens; ex)stop rewarding behavior by not giving dog treats after training is finished main goal: extinguish a behavior

Resistance to Extinction

one can be resistant or not; how quickly can something go away. ▪ behavior will stay longer with high resistance; extinguish slower ▪ if you have a low resistance to extinction it will go away faster; extinguish faster

Extinction in childrearing

parents reinforce bedtime tantrums ▪ bedtime tantrums: extinction condition vs responsive condition ▪ saw sleeping patterns normalized with extinction condition ▪ mom and dad do not reinforce crying

How does stimulus control apply in real life?

when there is something that is present in an environment it allows for certain behavior; need to put something in your environment that will queue you to do a behavior 1) with animal training 2)girls with meds put it next to bed stand to increase likelihood that you will take it 3) if you always have one environment that you can study 4)bed should be a queue for sleeping (only get in bed when you are sleeping or SEX)