Psych 581 Quiz 7

A child cries when her mom brushes her teeth, and he mom stops brushing. As a result, the child is more likely to cry when she gets her teeth brushed. Does this example illustrate positive or negative reinforcement for crying?

Negative

If a child's problem behavior is reinforced by ______, then extinction would involve ignoring the behavior when it occurred

attention

During extinction of a negatively reinforced behavior, the ______ is no longer removed after the behavior

aversive stimuli

What are two conditions you would decide not to use extinction?

1. If the change agent has no control over the reinforcer 2. If extinction would create unsafe conditions for the person doing the behavior or others

A child cries in the store and the parent gives the child candy. As a result, the child is more likely to cry in the store How would the parent use extinction for crying in this case?

By not giving the child candy when they cry in the store

A child cries when her mom brushes her teeth, and he mom stops brushing. As a result, the child is more likely to cry when she gets her teeth brushed. How would the mom use extinction for crying in this case?

Continue brushing teeth while she cries

What type of reinforcement schedule before extinction results in the most rapid decrease in the behavior during extinction?

Continuous reinforcement

___________ is a basic principle of behavior in which eliminating the reinforcer for the behavior results in a decrease in the frequency of the behavior

Extinction

____________ of behavior change after the use of extinction means that the problem behavior will stop in all relevant circumstances

Generalization

Ms. Jones pushes the button on her garage door opener each time she drives in the driveway and the door opens. Describe extinction of the behavior of pushing the button on the garage door opener.

If it stopped opening she would try it again a few times and push the button harder or faster and when the door didn't open after a few times she would give up quickly because it was on a continuous reinforcement schedule.

During extinction, what happens immediately after the occurrence of the behavior?

It occurs less and less until it stops

During spontaneous recovery, what happens to a behavior that had stopped occurring as a result of extinction?

It will happen again in situations similar to those where it occurred before extinction

A child spins a plate on a table, and the plate spinning is reinforced by the sound the plate makes while spinning. How would you implement extinction in this case?

Make the table soft so it doesn't make a sound anymore

A child cries every time she wants cookies, and her babysitter gives her cookies. In this case, how would the babysitter use extinction for crying?

Not give her cookies when she cries

A child cries when asked to tie her shoes, and her parents tie her shoes for her. In this case, how would the parents use extinction for crying?

Not tie her shoes when she cries

What are two types of behaviors that might occur during an extinction burst?

Novel and aggressive

Besides a temporary increase in the behavior, what are two other things that might happen during an extinction burst?

Novel behaviors may occur and emotional responses or aggressive behaviors may occur

When does extinction involve ignoring the behavior?

Only when attention is the reinforcer

Researchers have found that self-injurious behaviors such as head banging may be reinforced by attention, escape, or sensory stimulation. How would you implement extinction if head banging were reinforced by sensory stimulation?

Provide a padded helmet so stimulation is gone

Researchers have found that self-injurious behaviors such as head banging may be reinforced by attention, escape, or sensory stimulation. How would you implement extinction if head banging were reinforced by adult attention?

Take safety precautions, then do not provide attention for the behavior

What is likely to happen during an extinction burst?

The behavior will increase in frequency, duration or intensity

Researchers have found that self-injurious behaviors such as head banging may be reinforced by attention, escape, or sensory stimulation. How would you implement extinction if head banging were reinforced by escape from academic tasks?

Use physical guidance to help them complete the task, don't let them escape it

A child cries in the store and the parent gives the child candy. As a result, the child is more likely to cry in the store. What is the reinforcer for the crying in this case?

candy

The decrease in the problem behavior will be more rapid when extinction is used after ___________ (continuous/intermittent) reinforcement

continuous

With extinction, once the reinforcer for the problem behavior no longer follows the behavior, the behavior will _________

decrease and stop

If a child's problem behavior is reinforced by ______, then extinction would involve not letting the child out of the task when the problem behavior occurred

escape

If you cannot eliminate the reinforcer for a problem behavior, then you should not try to use _______ to decrease the problem

extinction

Claire had tantrums involving screaming and crying. When her parents started using extinction for the tantrum behavior, Claire would scream louder and longer for a while before the behavior decreased. This is an example of a(n)

extinction burst

The temporary increase in a behavior during extinction is called a(n)

extinction burst

The temporary increase in frequency, duration, or intensity of a behavior as extinction is implemented is called a(n) ______

extinction burst

During an extinction burst, the behavior may temporarily increase in _____, _______, or _______

frequency, duration, intensity

To identify the reinforcer maintaining a problem behavior, you must conduct a ___________

functional assessment

If extinction is used after intermittent reinforcement, then the decrease in the problem behavior will be more _______ (rapid/gradual)

gradual

During an extinction burst, a behavior _____ in frequency, duration or intensity.

increases

The decrease in the problem behavior will be more gradual when extinction is used after __________ (continuous/intermittent) reinforcement

intermittent

If the problem behavior is even occasionally reinforced, the procedure amounts to __________ for the behavior rather than extinction

intermittent reinforcement

During extinction, a previously reinforced behavior _____________________, and the behavior stops occurring in the future.

is no longer followed by a reinforcer

The behavior will decrease ______ (more/less) quickly during extinctions after intermittent reinforcement than continuous reinforcement

less

When an alternative behavior produces the same reinforcing consequence as the problem behavior had before the use of extinction, it is ________ (less/more) likely that the problem behavior will occur again after extinction

less

The behavior will decrease _______ (more/less) quickly during extinction after continuous reinforcement than intermittent reinforcement

more

Ms. Jones pushes the button on her garage door opener each time she drives in the driveway and the door opens. Is this an example of positive or negative reinforcement?

negative

A behavior problem is reinforced by ________ when the behavior results in escape from some stimulus

negative reinforcement

During extinction of a ________ (positively/negatively) reinforced behavior, an aversive stimulus is no longer removed after the behavior

negatively

For extinction to be used correctly, the reinforcer should _____ follow the problem behavior

never

During extinction of a positively reinforced behavior, the positive reinforcer is ______________ following the behavior

no longer delivered

During extinction of a negatively reinforced behavior, the aversive stimulus is ______________ following the behavior

no longer removed

During an extinction burst, the behavior might temporarily increase. In addition, ______ behaviors or _______ behaviors might occur

novel aggressive

A child spins a plate on a table, and the plate spinning is reinforced by the sound the plate makes while spinning. This is an example of _________ reinforcement

positive

A behavior problem is reinforced by ________ when the behavior results in the presentation of a stimulus

positive reinforcement

During extinction of a positively reinforced behavior, the ______ is no longer delivered after the behavior

positive reinforcer

During extinction of a ________ (positively/negatively) reinforced behavior, a reinforcer is no longer delivered after the behavior

positively

If extinction is used after continuous reinforcement, then the decrease in the problem behavior will be more _______ (rapid/gradual)

rapid

An extinction procedure should be used in conjunction with a(n) ____________ procedure

reinforcement

To use extinction, you must first identify the _______ that maintains the problem and then eliminate it

reinforcer

Two factors that influence extinction are ______________ before extinction and the occurrence of reinforcement after extinction

schedule of reinforcement

During ______ a previously extinguished behavior occurs again in the future

spontaneous recovery

When a behavior occurs again in the future even though it had stopped occurring after extinction, the process is called ____________

spontaneous recovery

During extinction, a previously reinforced behavior is no longer followed by a reinforcer, and the behavior ________ in the future.

stops occurring

Two factors that influence extinction are the schedule of reinforcement before extinction and _______________ after extinction

the occurrence of reinforcement