PSYCH 7A Ch 6 Midterm 2

Our two chemosensory systems are the _______ system and the _______ system. A) taste; olfactory B) taste; auditory C) auditory; visual D) olfactory; touch

A) taste; olfactory

Weber's fraction to detect a difference in weight is ____ percent. A) 5 B) 50 C) 2 D) 25

C) 2

Phantom limb pain is thought to be caused by A) A damaged or malfunctioning nervous system B) Painful stimuli in the area of the missing limb C) Imagining the presence of amputated limb D0 Recurring damage at the site of amputation

A) A damaged or malfunctioning nervous system

Which of the following is a binocular cue for depth perception? A) Convergence B) Motion parallax C) Occlusion D) Linear perspective

A) Convergence

In humans, the _______ is located in the _______. A) Malleus; middle ear B) Cochlea; middle ear C) Eardrum; outer ear D) Incus; outer ear

A) Malleus; middle ear

Sound traveling through air or water consists of alternating waves of A) Pressure B) Pitch C) Frequency D) Amplitude

A) Pressure

Why would you feel pain when placing your hand on both a hot and a cold pipe at the same time? A) Touch receptors are reporting the sensations of heat and cold, but the brain combines the two and perceives pain. B) The juxtaposition of hot and cold metal scalds your skin. C) Any vibration of the pipes interferes with the normal functioning of your free nerve endings. D) The free nerve endings in your hand cannot distinguish between hot and cold sensations.

A) Touch receptors are reporting the sensations of heat and cold, but the brain combines the two and perceives pain.

Neuropathic pain is caused by A) a damaged or malfunctioning nervous system. B) drugs that are designed to silence parts of the nervous system. C) regeneration of nociceptors in the stump of a missing limb. D) damage to the myelin sheath of spinal neurons.

A) a damaged or malfunctioning nervous system.

The concept of labeled lines refers to the fact that A) a separate set of nerves transmits information from each sensory receptor organ to the brain. B) the brain operates like a telephone switchboard. C) separate areas of the thalamus process all of the sensory information at once. D) each neuron in your body can be labeled according to the shape and size of its axon.

A) a separate set of nerves transmits information from each sensory receptor organ to the brain.

Your friend Tom lacks the ability to feel pain. Tom's condition is called A) congenital adrenal hyperplasia. B) sensory pain deficiency. C) sensory adaptation. D) congenital insensitivity to pain.

A) congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

Imagine your professor asks you to conduct an experiment in which you have to increase the intensity of a light several times and determine the smallest change in the intensity of light that your friend can detect. You are measuring your friend's A) just noticeable difference (JND). B) Gestalt perception. C) sensory code. D) absolute threshold.

A) just noticeable difference (JND).

Occlusion is a _______ depth cue. A) monocular B) binocular C) proprioceptive D) vestibular

A) monocular

In order for you to enjoy the smell of a flower, molecules called _______ from the flower must land on your olfactory epithelium, which lines the inside of the nose. A) odorants B) photons C) tastants D) free radicals

A) odorants

The main idea behind Gestalt psychology is that A) the whole perception is more than just the sum of our separate sensations. B) photons are perceived by a mental organ separate from the visual system. C) sensations and perceptions have a one-to-one correspondence. D) perception is essentially the sum of our separate sensations.

A) the whole perception is more than just the sum of our separate sensations.

The greatest adaptive, perceptual advantage to having two ears rather than one is that A) we are more easily able to localize sounds with two ears. B) the head does not cast a sound shadow when there are ears on opposite sides. C) sounds seem more pleasant when heard with two ears. D) the cochlea functions more efficiently if both ears are functioning properly.

A) we are more easily able to localize sounds with two ears.

The visual field is A) what is hidden from view by the blind spot. B) what we can see without moving our eyes. C) the visual environment inside the eye. D) the retinal image that is not inverted.

B) what we can see without moving our eyes.

In which of the following scenarios would you be most likely to succumb to a false alarm in signal detection? A) Listening for the kitchen timer to beep while you are cooking dinner B) Monitoring for the vibration of your phone in your pocket while you are sitting C) Listening for the sound of unknown creatures while you are walking alone in the woods at night D) Listening for raindrops on a quiet afternoon

B) Monitoring for the vibration of your phone in your pocket while you are sitting

A food that excites the taste receptors that allow positively charged hydrogen ions to enter cells is likely to have a ___ taste. A) Sweet B) Sour C) Bitter D) Salty

B) Sour

The sensory receptors for gustation are located in the A) Ears B) Tongue C) Nose D) Eyes

B) Tongue

A ____ would reflect light of all colors A) Black sheet B) White shirt C) Green Wall D) Red door

B) White shirt

In order to distinguish sweet, salty, bitter, sour, and umami tastes, humans have A) three specialized types of taste receptors: salty/sweet, bitter/sour, and umami. B) a specialized type of taste receptor for each of the five taste categories. C) special locations on the tongue where each taste is processed. D) nearly twice as many salty receptors as the other types of receptors combined.

B) a specialized type of taste receptor for each of the five taste categories.

As you and a friend throw a softball back and forth, you depend on _______ to help you determine how close the ball is getting to you and when and where to catch it. A) motion parallax B) binocular cues C) photoreceptor adaptation D) monocular cues

B) binocular cues

The primary function of the outer ear, or pinna, is to A) vibrate in concert with the surrounding air molecules. B) gather sounds and direct them to the middle ear. C) filter out sounds of low and high frequency. D) dampen loud sounds.

B) gather sounds and direct them to the middle ear.

Weber's fraction expresses the _______ as a proportion of the original stimulus. A) absolute threshold B) just noticeable difference (JND) C) stimulus intensity D) response magnitude

B) just noticeable difference (JND)

Photoreceptors are the A) primary receptors of the vestibular system. B) light-sensitive receptor cells in the retina. C) vibration-sensitive cells in the inner ear. D) cells that relay information from the retina to the cerebral cortex.

B) light-sensitive receptor cells in the retina.

If someone shined a flashlight into your eye, your _______ would constrict. A) eyelid B) pupil C) cornea D) retina

B) pupil

While you are sitting in a park, you see a tulip that is exposed to the sun. Shortly after you notice it, the tulip is exposed to the shade. According to the concept of color constancy, you perceive that the color of the tulip has A) changed, based on your prior experience with objects. B) remained the same, but the lighting conditions have changed. C) remained the same, because you cannot trust your sensations in bright light. D) changed, because tulips normally change in color due to the heat.

B) remained the same, but the lighting conditions have changed.

Eyes and ears are A) sensory codes. B) sensory receptor organs. C) labeled lines. D) interneurons.

B) sensory receptor organs.

In psychology, the word "noise" is defined as A) an unwanted sound. B) the firing of a sensory cell without a stimulus or in response to an irrelevant stimulus. C) the misclassification of a hit or miss in a signal detection experiment. D) a factor that is always manipulated in controlled psychophysical experiments.

B) the firing of a sensory cell without a stimulus or in response to an irrelevant stimulus.

The primary function of the three ossicles of the middle ear is to A) act as a funnel for sounds from the outside world. B) transmit vibrations to the inner ear. C) deflect sounds from the inner ear. D) stand still as the outer ear vibrates.

B) transmit vibrations to the inner ear.

The specialized receptor cells inside the cochlea are called A) photons. B) rods. C) hair cells. D) stapes.

C) hair cells.

The main distinction between sensation and perception is that only perception involves A) noticing that a stimulus is present B) detecting the absence of stimulus C) interpreting what the stimulus is D) deciding how to react to a stimulus

C) interpreting what the stimulus is

An absolute threshold is the A) ability to detect stimuli of all intensities. B) degree to which a stimulus is mapped to a given response. C) lowest intensity of a stimulus that a person can detect half the time. D) lowest intensity of a stimulus that a person can detect 100 percent of the time

C) lowest intensity of a stimulus that a person can detect half the time.

The olfactory system routes information directly to the _______ of the brain. A) lateral geniculate nucleus B) primary visual cortex C) olfactory bulb D) parietal cortex

C) olfactory bulb

In a sense, phantom limb pain is a purely _______ phenomenon. A) sensory B) combat-specific C) perceptual D) modality-general

C) perceptual

The retina is the A) flexible material on the outside of the eye. B) transparent layer below the cornea that passes light through the eye. C) surface at the back of the eye where the image is focused. D) muscular portion of the eye that changes size to allow more or less light in.

C) surface at the back of the eye where the image is focused.

Biting into a lemon is likely to stimulate taste receptor cells for _______ and _______. A) salty; sweet B) bitter; salty C) sweet; sour D) umami; bitter

C) sweet; sour

The optic disc is the part of the retina A) where most of the cones are located. B) where most of the rods are located. C) that has no photoreceptors. D) that focuses light onto the rest of the retina.

C) that has no photoreceptors.

Imagine that you and a friend are riding in a car singing along to loud music. Which of the following external sounds is most likely to be considered "noise" and ignored? A) A police car races up behind you with its siren sounding B) Your friend yells at you to get off at the next exit C) A driver passing you on the left honks his horn repeatedly D) A noisy motorcycle passes you from the opposite direction

D) A noisy motorcycle passes you from the opposite direction

The round, transparent front of the human eye is called the A) Lens B) Pupil C) Iris D) Cornea

D) Cornea

Which of the following research questions is a psychophysicist likely to be most interested in asking? A) Which neurons relay information from the thalamus to the cerebral cortex? B) What kinds of neurons relay information from the spinal cord to the muscles? C) How is perceptual information encoded and stored for later use by the brain? D) How much louder must a sound be before a person can detect that it is louder than the original sound?

D) How much louder must a sound be before a person can detect that it is louder than the original sound?

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the use of the size cue for monocular depth perception? A) From the back of a lecture hall, students in the front row appear smaller to you than students halfway between the front and the back. B) While turning the pages of your book, you perceive the pages as moving rectangles. C) While walking down a street, you perceive that a specific building is far away if it does not appear to move quickly as you move. D) While driving your car, you perceive that the position of nearby objects changes more than the position of distant objects.

D) While driving your car, you perceive that the position of nearby objects changes more than the position of distant objects.

The main difference between binocular and monocular depth cues is that A) monocular cues are generally more complex than binocular cues. B) monocular cues require information from both eyes, while binocular cues do not. C) binocular cues are used mostly for Gestalt perception, while monocular cues are used for motion. D) binocular cues require information from both eyes, while monocular cues do not.

D) binocular cues require information from both eyes, while monocular cues do not.

The flexible, transparent structure in the eye that helps focus an image on the back of the eye's interior is called the A) iris. B) optic disc. C) fovea. D) lens.

D) lens.

The adequate stimulus for the visual system is _______, and the adequate stimulus for the auditory system is _______. A) position of the head; position of the body B) changes in electrical current; a chemical in the air C) light; contact with the body surface D) light; sound

D) light; sound

A _______ is a physical event that a sensory receptor cell might detect, whereas a _______ is the final interpretation of that physical event. A) percept; stimulus B) stimulus; response C) response; percept D) stimulus; percept

D) stimulus; percept