Psych 9

The__________is a sac within the uterus that contains the embryo or fetus.

a. amniotic sac

__________is the turning of an infant's head toward a touch.

a. Rooting

Vygotsky's sociocultural theory focuses on the:

d. influence of teachers on children's cognitive development.

According to Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, children begin to assert control over the environment and strive to master adult skills when they are in the stage of__________.

d. initiative versus guilt

In the context of the social and emotional development of children, which of the following statements is true?

a. Attachment formed in infancy tends to endure.

Which of the following is true of the placenta?

a. It is connected to the mother by blood vessels in the uterine wall.

Which of the following is true of crystallized intelligence?

a. It is shown more generally by vocabulary.

Which of the following is a characteristic of the fetal stage of prenatal development?

a. The fetus alternates between wakefulness and sleep.

According to Ainsworth, infants who show__________are least distressed by their mother's departure, play by themselves without fuss, and ignore their mothers when they return.

a. avoidant attachment

According to Piaget, the sensorimotor stage of child development is dominated by:

a. learning to coordinate perception of the self and of the environment with motor activity.

The most dramatic gains in height and weight occur during__________.

a. prenatal development

According to Piaget, the__________is the second stage of cognitive development in children.

a. preoperational stage

According to a research by Kohlberg, children at the preconventional level base their moral judgments on _____.

a. the consequences of behavior

The embryo is connected to the placenta by the__________.

a. umbilical cord

Nadine has a newborn baby boy. The first time her husband turned on the television, the baby drew up his legs and arched his back in response to the sudden noise. In this scenario, the baby exhibited the _____.

b. Moro reflex

Judy, a 13-year-old girl, is poor at math. Ms. Kobes, Judy's math teacher, shares with Judy a list of math tips and tricks that she can use to become more proficient in the subject. In the context of Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, Ms. Kobes is using _____ to help the child.

b. cognitive scaffolding

A two-year-old child's family has a pet rabbit. When the family visits the zoo, the child sees a hamster for the first time and calls it a rabbit because of the physical features that are common to a rabbit and a hamster. According to Piaget, which cognitive process will most likely modify the child's understanding?

c. Accommodation

_____ are male sex hormones that masculinize the sex organs in the embryonic stage of prenatal development.

c. Androgens

In the context of motor development of children, which of the following statements is true of activities like rolling over, sitting up, crawling, creeping, walking, and running?

c. Most infants engage in these activities in the same sequence.

In the context of perceptual development, which of the following is true of newborns?

c. They are nearsighted when they are born.

The placenta:

c. acts as a medium for the passage of nutrients from the mother to the embryo.

According to Kohlberg, postconventional reasoning usually emerges in _____.

c. adolescence

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, decentration in the concreate operational stage refers to children being able to:

c. center on two dimensions of a problem at once.

The preoperational stage of Piaget's cognitive development theory is characterized by:

c. children attributing life and consciousness to physical objects.

In the context of the perceptual development of infants,__________is the amount of time spent looking at a visual stimulus.

c. fixation time

The__________is the first stage of prenatal development, during which the dividing mass of cells has not been implanted in the uterine wall.

c. germinal stage

According to Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, toddlers through about the age of three are said to be in the stage of:

c. initiative versus guilt.

According to Erik Erikson, _____ is the stage of intimacy versus isolation.

c. middle adulthood

According to Kohlberg, moral reasoning is based on a person's own moral standards at the__________

c. postconventional level

In the context of prenatal development, the fetal stage lasts from:

c. the beginning of the third month of pregnancy until birth.

A mother is playing with her eight-month-old son. She places a toy in front of her son and then takes it away. She notices that her son starts searching for the toy. Which aspect of Piaget's sensorimotor stage of development is depicted in the scenario?

d. Object permanence

__________are simple, inborn responses elicited by specific stimuli.

d. Reflexes

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, which of the following is true of children in the concrete operational stage?

d. They center on the motives of wrongdoers as well as on the amount of damage done when assigning blame.

In the context of cognitive development,__________is the creation of new ways of responding to objects or looking at the world.

d. accommodation

During the embryonic stage of prenatal development, the:

d. sex organs start to differentiate.