Psych

Several times in the past two months, Petra has experienced a racing heart, intense fear that something horrible is about to happen, and an inability to breathe. Petra most likely is suffering from _____ disorder. generalized anxiety panic social anxiety separation anxiety

panic

Symptoms that can be incorrectly perceived as those of a heart attack are MOST characteristic of _____ disorder. generalized anxiety panic obsessive-compulsive bipolar

panic

Sheila, who has schizophrenia, displays virtually no emotion, no matter how dramatic the event; this is a _____ symptom of schizophrenia. primary negative positive secondary

negative

In obsessive-compulsive disorder, compulsions relieve or offset troubling obsessions. Thus, compulsions are therefore maintained through: negative punishment. positive punishment. negative reinforcement. positive reinforcement.

negative reinforcement.

In obsessive-compulsive disorder, compulsions relieve or offset troubling obsessions. Thus, compulsions are therefore maintained through: negative reinforcement. positive reinforcement. negative punishment. positive punishment.

negative reinforcement.

Victor's mother is frustrated because she cannot get Victor involved in any activities. Most days he sits in a chair with no expression on his face. Victor's absence of appropriate behavior exemplifies the _____ typical of schizophrenia. delusional thinking positive symptoms negative symptoms psychosis

negative symptoms

With respect to depression, Beck is to Seligman as _____ is to _____. negative thinking; dopamine hypothesis learned helplessness; negative thinking dopamine hypothesis; learned helplessness negative thinking; learned helplessness

negative thinking; learned helplessness

An intrusive, repetitive thought, urge, or image is called a(n): compulsion. hallucination. delusion. obsession.

obsession.

At some time in Hector's life, he became one of the few people who crossed the line from normal worries and quirks to a time-consuming, disruptive impairment in which he must repeatedly do certain things in a certain order to prevent disaster from occurring. Hector's condition is known as _____ disorder. generalized anxiety obsessive-compulsive hypomanic social anxiety

obsessive-compulsive

Maxine spends hours each day trying to suppress the intrusive worry that she may have forgotten to lock her house when she left for work. Her experience is most symptomatic of _____ disorder. bipolar panic obsessive-compulsive generalized anxiety

obsessive-compulsive

People who are troubled by repetitive thoughts or actions are suffering from ____ disorder. generalized anxiety major depressive dissociative identity obsessive-compulsive

obsessive-compulsive

People who suffer from _____ disorder are so preoccupied by unwanted repetitive thoughts and/or actions that they are unable to function in their daily lives. generalized anxiety dissociative identity bipolar obsessive-compulsive

obsessive-compulsive

Sally is focused on cleaning her home, which she does for four hours per day. In particular, the fringe on her rugs must be straight on both sides in all five rooms. This takes considerable time, and she often repeats this 10 to 12 times per day. Her experience is most symptomatic of _____ disorder. major depressive obsessive-compulsive phobic bipolar

obsessive-compulsive

Abnormal activity in the orbital frontal cortex is implicated in: agoraphobia. obsessive-compulsive disorder. panic disorder. generalized anxiety disorder.

obsessive-compulsive disorder.

In _____ disorder, an individual experiences sudden, intense fear or discomfort. social anxiety generalized anxiety panic obsessive-compulsive

panic

Taijin kyofu is to ataque de nervios as _____ disorder is to _____ disorder. social anxiety; generalized anxiety panic; social anxiety generalized anxiety; panic social anxiety; panic

social anxiety; panic

Twenty-year-old Brianna lives in a small town. She has always been extremely shy, but lately she has been feeling intensely afraid that others are scrutinizing her. She avoids speaking in class, she no longer goes to parties, and she no longer goes out to eat in restaurants. Brianna seems to be suffering from: specific phobia. panic disorder. social phobia. generalized anxiety disorder.

social phobia

Some people in Japan and Korea suffer from taijin kyofu, a variant of _____ anxiety disorder in which people fear _____. social; causing distress to others generalized; negative evaluation by others generalized; causing distress to others social; negative evaluation by others

social; causing distress to others

Dr. Fritsch and Dr. Gupta are debating why depression is more prevalent among women than among men. "Women have fewer economic opportunities than do men, and they experience role conflicts more often," notes Dr. Fritsch. Dr. Gupta remarks that women experience fluctuations in estrogen levels, whereas men do not. Dr. Fritsch appears to take a _____ approach to depressive disorders, whereas Dr. Gupta seems to favor a _____ approach. medical; sociocultural sociocultural; psychological psychological; medical sociocultural; medical

sociocultural; medical

Although Zebulon realizes his behavior is unreasonable, he is so distraught by high bridges that he avoids them, causing him to take an unnecessarily lengthy route to and from work each day. Zebulon appears to suffer from: obsessive-compulsive disorder. panic disorder. specific phobia. generalized anxiety disorder.

specific phobia

Brett has an intense, irrational fear of needles and other sharp objects. Brett might be diagnosed with: specific phobia. panic disorder. agoraphobia. generalized anxiety disorder.

specific phobia

Data presented in the textbook indicates that _____ is the most common anxiety disorder among adults. generalized anxiety disorder specific phobia separation anxiety panic disorder

specific phobia

Thirty-five-year-old Lucy needs to have her blood drawn. She is so distraught by this that she must mentally prepare herself for it as well as take a short-acting sedative. Lucy seems to be suffering from: generalized anxiety disorder. obsessive-compulsive disorder. panic disorder. specific phobia.

specific phobia

Michael is extremely fearful of germs. He sleeps in a special chamber at night, wears gloves, and will only eat food that he can unwrap. His symptoms are most characteristic of: obsessive-compulsive disorder. panic disorder. specific phobia. generalized anxiety disorder.

specific phobia.

A _____ is a negative attitude about groups of people based on certain shared traits or characteristics. schema stereotype script stigma

stigma

Among individuals who commit suicide, the most common psychological disorders are major depressive disorder and: schizophrenia. substance abuse disorder. generalized anxiety disorder. bipolar disorder.

substance abuse disorder.

Individuals suffering from _____, a disorder seen in _____, believe their souls have left their bodies. The disorder usually develops after a frightening situation. susto; Latin America susto; Southeast Asia koro; Southeast Asia koro; Latin America

susto; Latin America

Cross-cultural variants of panic disorder do NOT include: khyal. ataque de nervios. taijin kyofu. trung gio.

taijin kyofu.

Many of the criticisms of the DSM-5 revolve around: the potential effects of labeling people based on inflexible categories. its failure to recommend courses of treatment. its focus on the causes of abnormal behavior instead of its symptoms. its failure to keep up with advances in the field.

the potential effects of labeling people based on inflexible categories.

Which perspective on abnormal behavior places the greatest emphasis on early childhood experiences and personality factors? the biopsychosocial model the psychological perspective the medical model the sociocultural perspective

the psychological perspective

Anxiety disorders are: equally common among men and women. three times as common among men as among women. twice as common among men as among women. twice as common among women as among men.

twice as common among women as among men.

Each day, the obsessions and compulsions of obsessive-compulsive disorder consume at least _____ of a person's day. 30 minutes 1 hour 3 hours 2 hours

1 hour

In round numbers, the DSM-5 lists approximately _____disorders. 200 100 150 250

150

Heather has been feeling depressed and listless lately. She has had no motivation and has lost interest in activities she once enjoyed. For Heather to be diagnosed with major depression, these symptoms must last for at least: 1 week. 2 months. 2 weeks. 1 month.

2 weeks.

In major depressive disorder, symptoms must be present for at least _____ consecutive weeks. 4 8 6 2

4

Major depressive disorder is diagnosed when at least _____ symptoms of depression are evident. 6 4 5 3

5

Which choice BEST expresses how many states offer some form of the insanity legal defense? Fewer than half of them do. All of them do. Almost all of them do. About half of them do.

Almost all of them do.

______ disorders are characterized by extreme apprehension and debilitating fears. Dissociative Depressive Anxiety Personality

Anxiety

_____ is characterized by moods that alternate between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the euphoric, hyperactive state of mania. Schizophrenia Bipolar disorder Generalized anxiety disorder Major depressive disorder

Bipolar disorder

_____ refers to the occurrence of two or more psychological disorders at the same time. Etiology Prognosis Prevalence Comorbidity

Comorbidity

_____ is characterized by excessive worry and unease concerning multiple aspects of life. Social anxiety disorder Specific phobia Generalized anxiety disorder Panic disorder

Generalized anxiety disorder

Which statement BEST expresses the relationship between mania and depression? Mania is the clinical term for a depressive episode. Mania and depression are distinct disorders. Mania is a more intense mood state than is depression. Mania and depression are opposite mood states.

Mania and depression are opposite mood states.

_____ disorders are defined by an enduring, inflexible pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates from the expectations of an individual's culture. Dissociative Trauma-related Personality Anxiety

Personality

Which choice BEST expresses historical trends in psychologists' views of schizophrenia's etiology? Psychologists have always attributed schizophrenia mainly to environmental factors. Psychologists have always attributed schizophrenia mainly to genetic factors. Psychologists once attributed schizophrenia largely to environmental factors. They now believe that genetic factors play a critical role in the disorder's etiology. Psychologists once attributed schizophrenia largely to genetic factors. They now believe that environmental factors play a critical role in the disorder's etiology.

Psychologists once attributed schizophrenia largely to environmental factors. They now believe that genetic factors play a critical role in the disorder's etiology.

Which statement BEST expresses the relationship between the diathesis-stress model of psychological disorders and the biopsychosocial perspective? The diathesis-stress model is an alternative to the biopsychosocial perspective. The diathesis-stress model has replaced the biopsychosocial perspective. The diathesis-stress model reflects the biopsychosocial perspective. The diathesis-stress model opposes the biopsychosocial perspective.

The diathesis-stress model reflects the biopsychosocial perspective.

How might the results of David Rosenhan's study inform an evaluation of the DSM-5's system of classifying psychological disorders? The study's results are worrying because they suggest that diagnostic labels strongly affect how a person's behavior is perceived. The study's results are worrying because they suggest that diagnostic labels have no impact on how a person's behavior is perceived. The study's results are reassuring because they suggest that diagnostic labels have no impact on how a person's behavior is perceived. The study's results are reassuring because they suggest that diagnostic labels strongly affect how a person's behavior is perceived.

The study's results are worrying because they suggest that diagnostic labels strongly affect how a person's behavior is perceived.

Which piece of evidence does NOT directly support a sociocultural perspective on the etiology of psychological abnormality? Traumatic childhood experiences are associated with bipolar disorder. Schizophrenia is diagnosed more frequently among lower- than among middle- or high-SES individuals. General declines in psychological functioning are seen during economic downturns. African Americans are more likely than White Americans to be involuntarily hospitalized for psychological disorders.

Traumatic childhood experiences are associated with bipolar disorder.

Suicide rates are highest among: White Americans. Hispanic Americans. American Indians. Black Americans.

White Americans.

Dr. Alfonso investigates the etiology of psychological disorders. Dr. Alonso's field of specialization is known as _____ psychology. abnormal developmental pathological medical

abnormal

The subfield in which psychological disorders are studied is generally known as _____ psychology. abnormal cognitive medical developmental

abnormal

The neurotransmitters involved in depression include each of these EXCEPT: dopamine. acetylcholine. norepinephrine. serotonin.

acetylcholine.

During David Rosenhan's study, in which several colleagues were admitted into mental hospitals, which group was most likely to detect that these secret "pseudopatients" actually did not suffer from mental illness? psychologists nurses psychiatrists actual mental patients

actual mental patients

Schizophrenia: affects women earlier in life than it does men. is more likely to affect men than women. is more likely to affect women than men. affects men earlier in life than it does women.

affects men earlier in life than it does women.

The case of the Genain quadruplets _____ the importance of _____ factors in schizophrenia's etiology. affirms; environmental disconfirms; genetic disconfirms; environmental affirms; genetic

affirms; genetic

Paulette cannot recall long stretches of her difficult childhood; Paulette's case is an example of dissociative: fugue. amnesia. identity disorder. trauma.

amnesia.

A manipulative, callous individual with no apparent conscience might be diagnosed with _____ personality disorder. schizotypal narcissistic psychopathic antisocial

antisocial

Chase stole money from the local grocery store on the corner to buy beer. He later assaulted a 72-year-old woman and stole her purse. In the alley, he dumped the purse, went to Starbucks for a cup of coffee, and proceeded to take the train. On the train, a woman accidentally stepped on his shoes, and he threw the hot coffee on her and laughed. Chase would be considered to have a(n) _______ personality disorder. schizotypal antisocial sociopathic borderline

antisocial

Kyle is extremely manipulative. He can look anyone in the eye and lie convincingly. His deceit often endangers the safety and well-being of those around him, but he is indifferent to their suffering as a result of his actions. His behavior BEST illustrates: obsessive-compulsive disorder. bipolar disorder. schizophrenia. antisocial personality disorder.

antisocial personality disorder.

The two personality disorders that have received the MOST research attention are _____ personality disorder and _____ personality disorder. antisocial; borderline avoidant; borderline avoidant; dependent antisocial; dependent

antisocial; borderline

In any given year, the most common type of psychological disorder is: substance disorders. anxiety disorders. schizophrenia. mood disorders

anxiety disorders.

Jackie is extremely afraid of rejection. As a result, she has always been withdrawn. Her inflexible and enduring behavior patterns have impaired her social functioning, and she may have _____ personality disorder. schizoid antisocial histrionic avoidant

avoidant

Alex is prone to drastic mood swings. Alex may suffer from a condition known as _____ disorder. bipolar dissociative identity antisocial personality obsessive-compulsive

bipolar

The _____ perspective is the most integrative approach to psychological disorders. biopsychosocial sociocultural psychological medical

biopsychosocial

Boris is a prolific painter. He is prone to periods of hopelessness and depression, which are followed by periods of great creativity. It is likely that Boris is suffering from _____ disorder. obsessive-compulsive bipolar dissociative identity panic

bipolar

Butch alternates between periods of dark despair and times of elation, great energy, recklessness, and creativity. Butch seems to suffer from ______ disorder. dissociative personality depressive bipolar

bipolar

Dramatic mood swings are characteristic of a condition known as _____ disorder. bipolar major depressive obsessive-compulsive dissociative identity

bipolar

The police brought Gabriella to the emergency room after she was seen running down the street in her underwear yelling that she "has the power!" Gabriella was also spending large amounts of money and was agitated and reckless during the past 5 days. In the emergency room, Gabriella would not be quiet long enough for the nurse to ask her questions. Gabriella is MOST likely suffering from _____ disorder. bipolar dissociative antisocial personality major depressive

bipolar

The anxiety disorders identified in the DSM-5 do NOT include: panic disorder. bipolar disorder. specific phobia. generalized anxiety disorder.

bipolar disorder.

Fabiana is dramatic and emotionally volatile. She rapidly forms intense relationships that then blow up or fall apart quickly. Although she tends to distrust others, she also needs their attention. Fabiana might be diagnosed with _______ personality disorder. antisocial histrionic borderline narcissistic

borderline

The learning mechanism MOST likely implicated in the development of panic disorder is: observational learning. classical conditioning. latent learning. operant conditioning.

classical conditioning

Obsession is to compulsion as _______ is to _______. cognition; behavior cognition; emotion emotion; cognition behavior; cognition

cognition; behavior

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is sometimes diagnosed alongside substance use disorder in the same individual. This is an example of: comorbidity. prevalence. etiology. prognosis.

comorbidity.

Klaus has been diagnosed not only with major depressive disorder, but also generalized anxiety disorder. Klaus' case illustrates: comorbidity. prognosis. etiology. prevalence.

comorbidity.

Schizophrenia is associated with a(n): increase in the size of the corpus callosum. decrease in the size of the brainstem. decrease in total brain volume. thickening of the cerebral cortex.

decrease in total brain volume.

A(n) _____ is a false belief that often accompanies schizophrenia. obsession compulsion hallucination delusion

delusion

Mr. James incorrectly believes that FBI agents are trying to steal his savings. Mr. James is suffering from a(n): hallucination. obsession. compulsion. delusion.

delusion.

The primary purpose of the DSM-5 is to provide: explanations of the causes of disorders. descriptions of disorders. the frequency with which disorders occur. recommendations for treatment of disorders.

descriptions of disorders.

Individuals with antisocial personality disorder tend to break the law and violate others' rights. Because these behaviors fall outside society's standards and rules, they reflect the _____ often associated with psychological abnormality. disability distress deviance dysfunction

deviance

Recall the "three Ds" of psychological disorders mentioned in the textbook. The extent to which a behavior falls outside society's standards or rules is referred to as its: distress. deviance. dysfunction. disability.

deviance.

Which is NOT one of the "three Ds" of psychological disorders mentioned in the textbook? distress disability deviance dysfunction

disability

Classic films such as Sybil and The Three Faces of Eve as well as the recent television series United States of Tara focused on a disorder called _____ in which an individual presents several distinct personalities. histrionic personality disorder dissociative fugue dissociative identity disorder schizophrenia

dissociative identity disorder

Pam is experiencing a major depressive episode. She is upset that she doesn't feel "like herself," and it bothers her that she has too little energy to participate fully in her family and work life. Pam's discomfort is an example of the _____ associated with psychological abnormality. disability distress dysfunction deviance

distress

Dex is troubled by his own methamphetamine use; moreover, he has been written up twice lately for missing shifts at work. Dex's case illustrates the _____ associated with psychological abnormality. dysfunction distress distress and dysfunction deviance

distress and dysfunction

An excess of the neurotransmitter _____ has long been associated with schizophrenia. glutamate serotonin dopamine GABA

dopamine

Recall the "three Ds" of psychological disorders mentioned in the textbook. Which "D" is correctly matched with its definition? dysfunction - the extent to which a behavior interferes with daily life and relationships distress - the extent to which a behavior falls outside society's standards or rules disability - whether a person's behavior qualifies him or her for disability deviance - the extent to which behaviors or emotions cause an individual to become upset or uncomfortable

dysfunction - the extent to which a behavior interferes with daily life and relationships

Recall the "three Ds" of psychological disorders mentioned in the textbook. The extent to which a behavior interferes with a person's daily life and relationships is referred to as its: distress. disability. deviance. dysfunction.

dysfunction.

According to the textbook, normal and abnormal behavior are BEST viewed as: discrete categories. orthogonal dimensions. ends of a continuum. parallel continua.

ends of a continuum

The term _____ refers to the causes of psychological disorders. etiology symptomology prognosis prevalence

etiology

Narcissistic personality disorder is characterized by a(n): inability to develop a stable sense of identity. disregard for the rule of society or the rights of others. tendency to accept humiliating or demeaning treatment. exaggerated sense of self-importance.

exaggerated sense of self-importance.

The text suggests that dissociative disorders generally occur as a result of: neurotransmitter deficits. sudden brain injury. extreme stress or trauma. chronic substance abuse.

extreme stress or trauma.

Omar was found wandering outside a Boise, Idaho discount store. His last memories are of his previous life in Greensboro, North Carolina; he had no memory of his journey to Idaho. Omar's condition is known as dissociative: identity disorder. fugue. trauma. flight.

fugue.

Diane is concerned about things at work even when she is at home. She is constantly worried about her home life even when she is at work. Diane has a free-floating anxiety that leaves her tense and irritable, impairs her concentration, and results in many sleepless nights. Diane is MOST likely suffering from _____ disorder. social anxiety panic generalized anxiety bipolar

generalized anxiety

Lenora is always tense and uneasy. She is plagued by insomnia and muscle tension. Lenora is MOST likely suffering from _____ disorder. social anxiety agoraphobia panic generalized anxiety

generalized anxiety

Rhonda is constantly worried about many aspects of her life. She is having trouble sleeping and is experiencing muscle tension. Rhonda is showing signs of: agoraphobia. specific phobia. generalized anxiety disorder. panic disorder.

generalized anxiety disorder

Michael complains that threatening voices are constantly telling him he is so evil he should kill himself. Michael is experiencing a(n): hallucination. obsession. delusion. compulsion.

hallucination.

Perception is to _____ as cognition is to _____. compulsion; obsession delusion; hallucination obsession; compulsion hallucination; delusion

hallucination; delusion

People with schizophrenia often have disturbed perceptions called _____, which are sensory experiences without sensory stimulation from the environment. compulsions hallucinations obsessions delusions

hallucinations

One positive symptom of schizophrenia is: lack of emotional expression. decreased speech. reduced motivation. hallucinations.

hallucinations.

Evidence suggests that persons with depressive disorders may have _____ levels of the hormone _____. low; melatonin high; cortisol high; melatonin low; cortisol

high; cortisol

The rates of major depressive disorder may be up to 3 times _____ for women than for men beginning in _____. higher; adolescence higher; early adulthood lower; adolescence lower; early adulthood

higher; adolescence

A true "drama queen" may well have ______ personality disorder. schizoid avoidant histrionic narcissistic

histrionic

Lanie is very dramatic and impulsive. She displays shallow, attention-getting emotions and will do whatever she can to get people to praise her. Lanie exhibits characteristics typical of ______ personality disorder. dependent paranoid histrionic antisocial

histrionic

Stacy has to be the life of the party. She wears revealing clothing, even around her married friends' husbands. This behavior has upset a number of her friends, especially when she asked a friend's boyfriend out. On any given weekend, Stacy can be seen at a club dancing on a table. Stacy may be considered to have _____ personality disorder. histrionic antisocial narcissistic schizoid

histrionic

Which mood disorder is NOT correctly matched with an example? mania - Neal feels elated and invincible; he seems to have boundless energy. hypomania - For the past couple of years, Robbie has felt "down" most of the time. bipolar disorder - Ximena cycles between periods of intense happiness and deep depression. major depression - Bonnie cannot seem to concentrate; she has lost interest in spending time with her friends and family.

hypomania - For the past couple of years, Robbie has felt "down" most of the time.

Which mood disorders term is correctly paired with its description? hypomania - a less intense, less disruptive state of elation than mania bipolar disorder - a prolonged state of intense elation major depression - alternating periods of depression and mania compulsion - a severe state impairing concentration, decision making, and sociability

hypomania - a less intense, less disruptive state of elation than mania

Which psychological disorder is NOT universal? depression schizophrenia koro bipolar disorder

koro

Hoang lives in Vietnam. He is terrified that his penis will disappear into his abdomen. Hoang appears to suffer from a disorder called: susto. taijin kyofu. koro. ataque de nervios.

koro.

Insanity is a _____ term. psychological medical psychiatric legal

legal

The textbook describes a study in which researchers tracked 144 people with obsessive-compulsive disorder for more than 40 years. Recall the research designs used in developmental psychology. Skoog and Skoog's study exemplifies _____ research. longitudinal cross-sectional correlational experimental

longitudinal

Elaine feels that her life is empty. She has lost interest in her career and hobbies, and she wonders if she would be better off dead. She is MOST likely suffering from _____ disorder. generalized anxiety major depressive obsessive-compulsive dissociative identity

major depressive

For the past four weeks, Nan has been feeling lethargic and worthless. Her friends are worried because she no longer shows interest in her normal social activities. Nan is MOST likely suffering from _____ disorder. major depressive generalized anxiety obsessive-compulsive dissociative identity

major depressive

According to the World Health Organization, which psychological disorder causes the MOST disability in terms of missed work days? bipolar disorder major depressive disorder schizophrenia generalized anxiety disorder

major depressive disorder

Carrie has had trouble sleeping for the past two weeks. She has no energy and feels "blue." Carrie may be suffering from: obsessive-compulsive disorder. generalized anxiety disorder. major depressive disorder. schizophrenia

major depressive disorder.

Feeling worthless, difficulty concentrating, and changes in appetite are symptoms of: obsessive compulsive disorder. generalized anxiety disorder. schizophrenia. major depressive disorder

major depressive disorder.

Sleep problems, lack of energy, and a "down" mood are symptomatic of: generalized anxiety disorder. major depressive disorder. schizophrenia. obsessive-compulsive disorder.

major depressive disorder.

Individuals suffering from bipolar disorder cycle between periods of depression and periods of: psychosis. dysthymia. anxiety. mania.

mania.

Bipolar I disorder is to bipolar II disorder as _____ is to _____. major depression; mania mania; hypomania hypomania; mania hypomania; major depression

mania; hypomania

These days, Adam is sleeping very little. He seems full of energy and enthusiasm. His extreme optimism has led him to take foolish risks. He lost a lot of money, for instance, betting on a horse that he was sure would win. Adam may be in a _____ state. dissociative fugue schizophrenic manic

manic

Dr. Chapman believes that major depression is best treated through the prescription of drugs that block the reuptake of serotonin in the brain. Dr. Chapman appears to endorse the _____ model of the etiology of psychological disorders. biopsychosocial psychological sociocultural medical

medical

Specific neurotransmitters are being implicated in an increasing number of psychological disorders. This fact most directly affirms the _____ perspective on abnormality. biopsychosocial medical sociocultural psychological

medical

The textbook suggests that the language often used to discuss psychological disorders BEST reflects the _____ perspective. sociocultural medical biopsychosocial psychological

medical

Compared to chronic medical conditions, psychological disorders are _____ impairing and are _____ often treated. less; less more; more less; more more; less

more; less

The brain areas involved in obsessive-compulsive disorder also contribute to: movement. emotion. memories. language.

movement.

Gloria is a real "diva": She expects special treatment from others but completely disregards others' feelings. Gloria may have _____ personality disorder. borderline narcissistic paranoid antisocial

narcissistic

With respect to schizophrenia, diathesis is to stress as _____ is to _____. negative symptoms; positive symptoms positive symptoms; negative symptoms nurture; nature nature; nurture

nature; nurture

When people suffer from _____, they often feel intense fear that something horrible is about to happen. These feelings last several minutes and include heart palpitations, shortness of breath, and dizziness. dissociative disorder panic disorder generalized anxiety disorder specific phobia

panic disorder

Hallucination is to delusion as _____ is to _____. perception; action cognition; perception perception; cognition action; cognition

perception; cognition

Adults who feel depressed most of the time for two years may be diagnosed with _____ disorder. persistent depressive major depressive disruptive mood dysregulation manic depressive

persistent depressive

Nick has felt depressed most of the time for the past two years. On this basis, he may be diagnosed with _____ disorder. disruptive mood dysregulation major depressive persistent depressive manic depressive

persistent depressive

People with _____ disorders display rigid, unusual behavior patterns that impair functioning. personality dissociative depressive anxiety

personality

Drugs that block dopamine reduce the psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia such as delusions and hallucinations. These drugs therefore lessen the _____ symptoms of the disorder. negative primary secondary positive

positive

The brain abnormalities seen in schizophrenia are thought to be related to psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions. In other words, brain abnormalities may underlie some of the _____ symptoms of the disorder. primary positive secondary negative

positive

Disorganized speech is to decreased speech as _____ is to _____. positive symptom; negative symptom hallucination; delusion delusion; hallucination negative symptom; positive symptom

positive symptom; negative symptom

Frank was seen laughing inappropriately in the library as if he were responding to internal stimuli. On the bus home, he was crying uncontrollably and suddenly became angered when a fellow passenger offered him a tissue. Frank's excess of inappropriate behaviors exemplify the _____ typical of schizophrenia. negative symptoms psychosis delusional thinking positive symptoms

positive symptoms

Disorganized speech is a _____ symptom of schizophrenia. Hearing voices is a _____ symptom. positive; positive negative; negative negative; positive positive; negative

positive; positive

Dr. Herbert suggests that dissociative symptoms are created as defenses against the anxiety created by unacceptable unconscious urges. Dr. Herbert reflects psychology's _____ perspective. behavioral cognitive humanistic psychodynamic

psychodynamic

"Negative reinforcement contributes to the maintenance of not only phobias but also obsessive-compulsive disorder." This statement BEST reflects a _____ perspective on psychological disorders. sociocultural biopsychosocial medical psychological

psychological

Major depressive disorder is a set of distressing, disabling cognitive, emotional, and behavioral symptoms. Major depressive disorder is a _____ disorder. behavioral mental physiological psychological

psychological

People with schizophrenia demonstrate a severe and chronic loss of contact with reality called: dysthymia. psychosis. mania. neurosis.

psychosis.

Kristi has been detached from her friends and classmates. She displays such emotionless disengagement that she might be diagnosed with _____ personality disorder. dependent paranoid schizoid antisocial

schizoid

Obsessive-compulsive disorder may reflect reduced activity of the neurotransmitter: serotonin. dopamine. norepinephrine. glutamate.

serotonin.

An individual with a fear of public speaking, going to parties, or eating out MOST likely suffers from _____ disorder. obsessive-compulsive social anxiety posttraumatic stress panic

social anxiety

Walter has an intense fear of public speaking. Because he can engage only in one-on-one interactions, he has been passed over for promotions. Walter's case illustrates _____ disorder. panic social anxiety obsessive-compulsive posttraumatic stress

social anxiety