Psych - Ch. 15 Disorders - Prep: Learning Curve

The symptoms of schizophrenia begin to appear at a median age of about:

20

Finn has been diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Which of the following problems might he be exhibiting? - A person with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder will exhibit all of these behaviours. - fidgetiness - distractibility - impulsiveness

A person with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder will exhibit all of these behaviours.

Mrs. Higgins believes that aliens from another planet have removed her stomach and are watching to see how long it takes her to grow another. Mrs. Higgins is most likely suffering from:

schizophrenia

Trina suffers from depression. Her physician has placed her on an antidepressant that will help to increase her _____ supplies by blocking reuptake so that her receptor sites get enough of this neurotransmitter.

serotonin

Milo is a 10-year-old boy whose father is in the military. The family is relocating from the U.S. to Iraq due to his father's job requirements. How will this affect Milo's risk for developing depression through his lifespan?

significantly increase risk

Based on the research showing that smokers are more likely to have panic attacks and at higher intensity, which of the following populations is more likely to have panic attacks? - People who use other types of stimulants. - People who smoke marijuana. - People who abuse alcohol . - People who are high-strung.

People who use other types of stimulants.

This man insisted that madness was not demon possession but a sickness of the mind caused by severe stresses and inhumane conditions.

Philippe Pinel

_____ helps maintain phobias and compulsions after they arise.

Reinforcement

A depressive disorder is characterized by:

a persistently sad mood and low energy level.

A person suffering from seasonal affective disorder (SAD) will do best living in:

a sunny location with long days (near the equator).

Kyle is extremely manipulative. He can look anyone in the eye and lie convincingly. His deceit often endangers the safety and well-being of those around him, but he is indifferent to their suffering as a result of his actions. His behaviour best illustrates _____ personality disorder.

antisocial

Jackie is extremely afraid of rejection. Because of this, she has always been withdrawn. Her inflexible and enduring behaviour patterns have impaired her social functioning, and she would likely be considered to have a(n) _____ personality disorder.

avoidant

Dr. Cobbs believes that psychological disorders are influenced by genetic predispositions and physiological states. He is also aware that inner psychological dynamics, social dynamics, and culture influence psychological disorders. Dr. Cobbs believes in a(n) _____ model.

biopsychosocial

The approach to understanding and classifying psychological disorders that most seeks to minimize stigma for the afflicted is the _____.

biopsychosocial approach

Shawn has a fraternal twin who was recently diagnosed with _____ disorder. Research suggests that the chances are about 2 in 10 that Shawn will also suffer from this disorder at some point in his life.

bipolar

If one has an intense fear of speaking in public, eating out, or going to parties, that person may be suffering from _____ phobia.

social

Twenty-year-old Brianna lives in a small town. She has always been extremely shy, but lately, she has been feeling intensely afraid that others are scrutinizing her. She avoids speaking in class, she no longer goes to parties, and she starts trembling whenever she is in a public place. Brianna seems to be suffering from a(n) _____ phobia.

social

People trapped in a depressed mood are:

inactive and unmotivated.

Frank was seen laughing inappropriately in the library as if he was responding to internal stimuli. On the bus home, he was crying uncontrollably and suddenly became angered when a fellow passenger offered him a tissue. His excess of inappropriate behaviour is known as:

positive symptoms.

Amanda blames herself for her recent job loss. Her therapist suggests that her depression results from this blaming of herself rather than the slumping economy. Her therapist's suggestion best illustrates a:

social-cognitive perspective.

One of the most significant symptoms that can be present in major depressive disorder (MDD) but is not present in persistent depressive disorder is

suicidal thoughts.

According to a study in 2004 by the World Health Organization, the HIGHEST rate of reported mental disorders was in:

the United States.

Changes in the rate, production, and content of speech is a significant marker of the shift between depression and mania. How does speech change when someone is suffering from a manic episode?

the person talks non-stop

Donald is a 35-year-old man with schizophrenia. He has struggled with mental illness since childhood, when he had anxiety and impaired judgment. He began experiencing psychotic symptoms at age 19, which have been only partially controlled by medication. What is Donald's prognosis?

His condition is likely to deteriorate over time.

Early signs of antisocial behaviour have been detected in children as young as ages:

3 to 6.

In the DSM-5, a person must exhibit 5 of 9 possible symptoms in order to receive a diagnosis of major depressive disorder. One of the criticisms of this variability in symptoms within this diagnostic category is that:

clinicians often don't agree on a diagnosis.

Mr. James incorrectly believes that people are constantly laughing at him and that FBI agents are trying to steal his savings. Mr. James is suffering from _____.

delusions

Mr. James incorrectly believes that people are constantly laughing at him and that FBI agents are trying to steal his savings. Mr. James is suffering from:

delusions

Eeyore, a character in the Winnie the Pooh series by E. E. Milne, speaks slowly, has a pessimistic view, and often doesn't wish to participate in social activities. These behaviours suggest that the character suffers from _____.

depression

Thirty-year-old Nellie has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. Her selective attention is deficient, she is unable to ignore irrelevant stimuli, and she often gives her undivided attention to minute stimuli such as a spotlight shining in a window. This type of attention problem contributes to:

disorganized thoughts.

Angel has been arrested for grand theft auto. He claims that it wasn't him and that he knows nothing about the crime as his alter ego must have done it. The court-appointed psychiatrist knows immediately that Angel does not suffer from _____ as the host is never co-conscious with the alter egos.

dissociative identity disorder

Lenore is continually tense and plagued by muscle tension, sleeplessness, and an inability to concentrate. Lenore most likely suffers from _____ disorder.

generalized anxiety

This disorder is characterized by symptoms of unexplained and continually tense and uneasy feelings.

generalized anxiety disorder

Michael complains that threatening voices are constantly telling him he is so evil he should kill himself. Michael is experiencing:

hallucinations

The most common _____ experienced in schizophrenia are auditory.

hallucinations

George, a gay man who is not open about his sexual orientation in his work environment due to fear of discrimination, is likely to:

have greater chance of having mental illness

Elaine feels that her life is empty. She has lost interest in career and hobbies, and she wonders if she would be better off dead. She is most likely suffering from a(n):

mood disorder.

Sally is focused on cleaning her home, which she does for four hours per day. In particular, the fringe on her rugs must be straight on both sides in all five rooms. This takes considerable time, and she often repeats this 10 to 12 times per day. Her experience is most symptomatic of a(n):

obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Several times in the past two months, Petra has experienced a racing heart, intense fear that something horrible is about to happen, and an inability to breathe. Petra most likely is suffering from:

panic attacks.

The link between conditioned fear and general anxiety helps explain why anxious people are hyperattentive to possible threats, and how _____ people come to associate anxiety with certain cues.

panic-prone

Eight-year-old Jack has severe temper tantrums at times and experiences irritability. He has been diagnosed with disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. One of the significant negative outcomes of labelling Jack is:

people may view Jack differently because of the label

Although Mark realizes his behaviour is unreasonable, he is so distraught by high bridges that he avoids them, causing him to take an unnecessarily lengthy route to and from work each day. Mark appears to suffer from a(n):

phobia.

Michael is extremely fearful of germs. He sleeps in a special chamber at night, wears gloves, and will only eat food that he can unwrap. His symptoms are most characteristic of:

phobia.

Thirty-five-year-old Lucy needs to have her blood drawn. She is so distraught by this that she must mentally prepare herself for it as well as take a short-acting sedative. Lucy seems to be suffering from a:

phobia.

Years after he barely survived an attack that killed his wife and two children, Mr. Puskari suffers recurring flashbacks and frequent nightmares of the event. They render him incapable of holding a steady job. Mr. Puskari is most clearly showing signs of:

posttraumatic stress disorder.

Walter keeps to himself at work, is quiet, and has a number of odd collections. Some people even call him eccentric. He has only one friend who comes over to drink with him. Walter may be considered to have _____ personality disorder.

schizoid

One of the hallmarks of _____ is disorganized speech. Theorists suggest that people with such disorganized speech have a breakdown in selective attention.

schizophrenia

Spencer has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. His parents have a difficult time understanding him because his speech is fragmented and bizarre. He jumps from one idea to another, sometimes within sentences, creating a:

word salad.

People who have a sibling or parent with schizophrenia have about a _____ chance of developing the disorder.

1 in 10

About half of all adults experience at least one traumatic event in their lifetime, but only about _____ men develop PTSD.

1 in 20

What information would help a researcher determine if a psychological disorder were genetic in origin?

It is observed in all cultures.

Which of the following provides evidence that there is a genetic component to schizophrenia? - It is observed in all cultures. - It occurs in adulthood. - It is marked by hallucinations and delusions. - It usually causes lifelong dysfunction for the sufferer.

It is observed in all cultures.

Sam, a 16-year-old boy, has been feeling hopeless, has difficulty concentrating, and experiences chronic sadness. How likely is he to share this information with his parents?

It is very unlikely.

_____ theorists see dissociative disorders as behaviours reinforced by anxiety reduction.

Learning

_____ is to an absence of appropriate behaviours as _____ is to an excess of inappropriate behaviours.

Negative symptoms; positive symptoms

A psychologist gets an email referral from a prospective client whose name is Devon. Devon complains of stress, fatigue, and apathy. The psychologist asks if Devon is male or female. Why did the psychologist consider this important to know?

Women are more likely to suffer from depression.

One of the hallmarks of schizophrenia is disorganized speech. Theorists suggest that people with such disorganized speech have:

a breakdown in selective attention.

Boris is a prolific painter. However, he is also prone to periods of hopelessness and depression, which are followed by periods of mania. It is very likely that Boris is suffering from a(n):

bipolar disorder.

In an attempt to lose some of the weight gained by binge eating, Claire uses laxatives and exercises until she is exhausted. Claire most clearly demonstrates symptoms of _____ nervosa.

bulimia

Studies of people suffering from depression have found that the depressive episode typically:

ends, with or without treatment.

Susan's mother suffered from the flu during her pregnancy with Susan. Statistically, this increases Susan's risk of later developing schizophrenia. This is an example of a(n) _____ factor meaning a heritable change that is not due to DNA.

epigenetic

The biopsychosocial approach enables psychology researchers to study how different factors _____ in a person to produce a psychological disorder.

interact

Marcus' twin brother and maternal grandmother both have previously been diagnosed with schizophrenia. This means that Marcus' risk for developing schizophrenia _____.

is much higher than average

Elsa is a 50-year-old teacher who is openly gay. According to the American Psychiatric Association (APA), Elsa's homosexuality:

is not classified as an illness.

Andrea experiences extreme anxiety when she approaches any lake. Her therapist suggests that her fear is the result of a traumatic childhood boating accident. The therapist's suggestion reflects a _____ perspective.

learning

Thomas was called into his boss's office last week for once again overstepping the boundaries of his job position. Thomas had told the director of research that he was the one running the show and it would only be a matter of time before he was in his boss's position. When confronted, Thomas told his boss that it was true, and no one seems to understand that he is the one in charge. Thomas would be considered to have a:

narcissistic personality disorder.

When one meets Lanie, one of the first things that is noticed is that she is very dramatic and self-centred. She displays attention-getting behaviours and will do whatever she can to deflect criticism. Lanie exhibits characteristics typical of:

narcissistic personality disorder.

Victor's mother is frustrated because she cannot get Victor involved in any activities. Most days he sits in a chair with no expression on his face. This type of absence of appropriate behaviour is known as:

negative symptoms

When he is nervous, Charles tends to act in an eccentric way. However, he is able to act normally when necessary at work. His close friends find his eccentricity amusing and endearing most of the time. It is likely that Charles may be considered to have:

Charles does not have any personality disorder, since his behaviour does not impair his social functioning.

Although she is underweight, Lindsey is extremely afraid of becoming obese. She often checks her body in the mirror for any signs of fat and refuses to eat most foods because she insists they are fatty or high in calories. Lindsey most clearly demonstrates symptoms of:

anorexia nervosa.

Bob has never been able to keep a job. He has been in and out of jail for theft, sexual assault, and spousal abuse. Bob would most likely be diagnosed as having _____ personality disorder.

antisocial

Kyle is extremely manipulative. He can look anyone in the eye and lie convincingly. His deceit often endangers the safety and well-being of those around him, but he is indifferent to their suffering as a result of his actions. His behaviour best illustrates:

antisocial personality disorder.

Last week Tate went into the hospital for a painful medical procedure. Amazingly, he did not seem worried beforehand, and he showed no signs of autonomic nervous system arousal. In addition, Tate seems to lack a conscience for wrongdoing. It is possible that Tate would be diagnosed as having:

antisocial personality disorder.

Brian often interrupts his teacher while she is speaking and frequently forgets to complete his homework assignments. He also has difficulty taking turns in playground games with classmates. Brian most clearly exhibits symptoms of:

attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Eighteen-year-old Bianca is an unmarried, white American high school senior. Bianca is experiencing a major depressive episode, and her depression is at its lowest point. However, Bianca does NOT drink or use drugs. In terms of risk factors for suicide, Bianca is:

less likely to attempt suicide than her friends who drink alcohol.

"He is as slow as molasses" might be a good way to describe the energy level for people suffering from:

major depressive disorder (MDD).

John has been having difficulties getting out of bed. He is not interested in going out with friends, and hardly ever answers the phone. John has let a number of bills go unpaid, he is sleeping 12-14 hours a day, and he cannot concentrate at work. He has called in sick to work at least once each week. John is most likely suffering from:

major depressive disorder.

A large pharmaceutical company is conducting a clinical trial for a new antidepressant to treat major depressive disorder. It is concerned with the efficacy and safety of the new medication. Its perspective is most aligned with the _____ model.

medical

At one time, disordered people were simply warehoused in asylums. Asylums have been replaced with psychiatric hospitals, where attempts are made to diagnose and cure people suffering from psychological disorders. This best illustrates one of the beneficial consequences of the _____ model.

medical

Gena believes that people with psychological disorders are suffering from diseases that have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and sometimes even cured. Gena believes in the _____ model of psychological disorders.

medical

Stacy has to be the life of the party. She has to be the centre of attention, even from her married friends' husbands. This behaviour has upset a number of her friends, especially when she monopolizes all conversation to focus on herself. Stacy may be considered to have:

narcissistic personality disorder.

Mr. Hoffman has always been cautious with his money. But, over the past two weeks, he has developed grandiose plans to bet his entire savings on a single horse race. With unrestrained exuberance he has also been giving everybody he sees unsolicited advice on how to make millions in the stock market. Mr. Hoffman's behaviour is most indicative of: - dissociative identity disorder. - multiple personality disorder. - dissociative disorder. - none of these disorders.

none of these disorders.

If one of the members of the following pairs suffers from anorexia nervosa, the other has the highest risk of developing the illness in which case? - two fraternal twins - siblings born within 2 years of each other - two non-related (adopted) siblings - two identical twins

two identical twins