Psych - Ch. 16 Therapy - Prep: Learning Curve

Who emphasized the importance of active listening in the process of psychotherapy?

Carl Rogers

Stephanie meets with her therapist once a week in order to talk about her marriage as well as the relationship she has with her parents. In addition to helping Stephanie seek insight about these relationships, Stephanie's therapist prescribes Stephanie medication. This is an example of:

an eclectic approach.

Sadia is suffering from depression. She wants long-term relief from this problem and is willing to work hard to make changes in her life. What treatment is likely to have the best effects long-term?

antidepressant medication and therapy simultaneously

If Roxanne, who suffers from episodic depression, wants to have the best long-term improvement, which lifestyle change would be the LEAST effective? - light therapy - nutritional supplements - aromatherapy - exercise

aromatherapy

To help Monica overcome her nearly irresistible craving for chocolate, a therapist provides her with a supply of chocolate candies that contain solidified droplets of a harmless but very bitter-tasting substance. This approach to treatment best illustrates _____.

aversive conditioning

As a parent, Wendy is skeptical of treatments that sound too good to be true. When she arrives at the psychologist's office, she asks about what is the empirically-supported treatment for bed-wetting because her 6-year-old son has been having difficulties. She learns that _____ is the empirically-supported treatment.

behaviour conditioning

This therapy is empirically supported for treating bed-wetting.

behavioural conditioning

Chelsea's therapist uses active listening within an empathic environment. Her therapist is most likely using:

client-centred therapy.

On average, psychotherapy is _____ when compared with the costs of biomedical treatment for psychologically related complaints.

cost-effective

Christopher has a two-year master's degree and specializes in helping those with a history of substance use disorder. Christopher is most likely a:

counsellor.

A patient who experiences bipolar disorder may be hesitant to try a mood stabilizer because the:

drug mechanism is unknown.

A therapist who uses a variety of psychological theories and therapeutic methods is said to be using a(n) _____ approach.

eclectic

Leigh is a diligent clinician. In order to provide her clients with the best therapy she can provide she keeps up to date on the latest psychotherapy research. She also takes into consideration her patients' values, characteristics, preferences, and circumstances. Finally, she is also mindful of her own expertise. Leigh is using what approach in clinical decision making?

evidence-based practice

Brent suffers from depression. While he consistently attends work and meets family responsibilities, he suffers from negative mood and a sense of hopelessness. What option has the least possible side effects and/or risks?

exercise

John, a professor, spends a good amount of time outside. He is likely to have good mental health as a result, because time outside affects:

exposure to sunlight.

To help Adam reduce his fear of dogs, a therapist encourages him to physically relax and imagine that he is walking toward a friendly and harmless little dog. The therapist's technique best illustrates:

systematic desensitization.

During a therapy session, Jenny focuses on several intrusive thoughts that have been bothering her. The therapist tells Jenny to report any ideas or memories stimulated by these thoughts. Jenny's therapist is using a technique known as:

free association.

If Ardith, a recovering alcoholic, wishes to remain in recovery, she is better served by _____ than by _____.

frequent attendance at Alcoholics Anonymous meetings; a general support group

Howard Dully was a victim of lobotomy at the age of 12. He has written a memoir about his experiences. How would one expect that lobotomy would have affected him?

impaired executive functions

Nadine has decided to seek help for some problems she is having. She knows a little about different therapies and has decided she doesn't want to get involved in anything long-term. However, she does want to gain insight into the roots of her difficulties. If Nadine wants to gain insight into current issues, rather than delve into the past, she should try to find a therapist who specializes in:

interpersonal psychotherapy.

Delores has been in therapy for two years, but her last session is today. If asked next month how effective her psychotherapy was, she is likely to _____ its effectiveness.

overestimate

If one wants to listen more actively in one's own relationships, these three traits may help.

paraphrase, invite clarification, and reflect feelings

Identifying and eliminating the socially stressful conditions that contribute to psychological disorders is of MOST central interest to the advocates of:

preventive mental health.

Bonnie has just finished a two-year master program and now is in postgraduate supervision that is preparing her to offer psychotherapy to people with everyday personal and family problems. Bonnie is mostly likely preparing to be a:

psychiatric social worker.

Lindsey is a physician who specializes in the treatment of psychological disorders. She is an M.D. and can prescribe medication. Lindsey is most likely a:

psychiatrist.

Therapists using _____ provide the patient interpretations of the patient's dreams, resistances, and other behaviours; while therapists using _____ focus more on helping the patient explore and gain perspective into defended-against thoughts and feelings.

psychoanalysis; psychodynamic therapy

Clarice seeks treatment for a history of childhood sexual abuse. She is interested in therapy which will help provide insight into her ongoing symptoms. Clarice is likely to receive _____.

psychodynamic treatment

Sam suffers from schizophrenia, known to be a brain-based disorder. Because of this, he should choose _____ therapy.

a combination of biomedical and psychological

Mary Ann, a woman in her 50s, was diagnosed with schizophrenia and prescribed antipsychotic medication starting in her 20s. She has used this medication continuously since then. What serious side effect is she MOST at risk for?

tardive dyskinesia

Zander has been struggling with personal issues and has decided to seek help at a mental health clinic. Unfortunately, he was put on a waiting list and told he would likely have to wait several weeks before he could meet with a therapist. According to Hans Eysenck's findings, what do you predict will happen to Zander?

The chances are good that he will improve during this waiting period.

Stanley, a man in his 30s in the 1950s, suffered from schizophrenia. What treatment was he MOST likely to have received?

Thorazine

Barry, who plans to be a nurse, has a strong sense of purpose in life. Because of this trait, he is more likely to _____.

be socially active

Randolph is a clinical psychologist. He is a big proponent of therapy and touts its effectiveness to all. Why should a potential client take Randolph's assertions with a grain of salt?

Randolph's view is subjective

Elsa is a young, single mother living in poverty. Prevention efforts to safeguard her mental health would be MOST effective if they focus on _____.

empowerment

A therapist helps Rebecca overcome her fear of water by getting her to swim in the family's backyard pool three times a day for two consecutive weeks. The therapist's approach to helping Rebecca best illustrates the _____ technique in behavioural therapy.

exposure

The aim of this therapy is relationship healing.

family

Gerald suffers from bipolar disorder. He is likely to be prescribed ___ to combat mania.

lithium

Marjorie is experiencing frequent and intense conflict with her teenage daughter. Marjorie should seek out _____ therapy.

family

Which of the following alternative therapies has shown promise as an effective treatment? - energy therapies - rebirthing therapies - recovered memory therapies - light exposure therapy

light exposure therapy

Blake's doctor told her that she should not drink alcohol while taking Xanax. This is because anti-anxiety agents such as Xanax:

depress central nervous system activity.

Mark suffers from a great deal of irrational thoughts that affect his social life. He would benefit MOST from _____ therapy.

cognitive-behavioural

At his weekly therapy session, Henry became agitated at his therapist, saying that she was controlling, domineering, and trying to ruin his life with all of her mothering. A psychoanalyst would suggest that this illustrates _____.

transference

Sharon was admitted to the hospital with severe depression. She nearly killed herself by slitting her wrists. The only reason she survived is because her husband came home from work early. One type of treatment that might bring her out of depression quickly and potentially save her life is:

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).

It is difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of psychotherapy because clients:

may need to believe the therapy was worth the effort.

Even though he has been taking medication for his depression, Gilbert recently attempted suicide. In an effort to better address his depression, his doctor is recommending electroconvulsive therapy. Gilbert is wondering about possible side effects. His doctor should tell him that the possible side effects include:

seizures and memory loss.

A patient at a mental health clinic is suffering from involuntary movements of his facial muscles and tongue. It is possible that this _____ is a side effect of his long-term use of antipsychotic medication.

tardive dyskinesia

Tasha wants to help a family member who suffers from depression and has not found relief with therapy or medication. Tasha would probably recommend ___ as the safest option, because there are few very dangerous side effects.

transcranial magnetic stimulation

Alberto struggles with anxiety. His friend, Miguel, encourages him to deal with the problem by taking a Xanax. Why is taking medication not always the best course of action?

While drugs reduce symptoms in the moment, they don't address the source of the problem.

To help Jacob overcome his smoking habit, a therapist puts him in a room with a carton of cigarettes laced with a chemical to induce nausea. He displays images of the dangers of smoking both on the walls and on a television set. This approach to treatment best illustrates _____.

aversive conditioning

For patients whose depression has resisted drugs as well as ECT, neuroscientist Helen Mayberg has developed a new treatment known as:

deep-brain stimulation.

Stefan recently suffered a traumatic experience and is now seeing a therapist on a regular basis. His therapist waves her finger in front of Stefan's eyes while he imagines the traumatic scene. This type of therapy is known as:

eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR).

Because she mistakenly believes the herbal remedy she is using will help her lose weight, Mrs. Redding is feeling a considerable reduction in her appetite. This best illustrates the _____ effect.

placebo

Aaron, a man in his 50s suffering from depression, is considering trying deep brain stimulation (DBS) to alleviate his symptoms. His review of the research, however, shows that there is a _____ percent chance that the treatment will not help at all.

30

After three days of taking a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), Dennis is disappointed because he is not feeling any better. However, it generally may take up to _____ week(s) for this type of antidepressant to reach full effect.

4

Chase is experiencing depression. He feels terrible and wants immediate relief. His doctor prescribes an antidepressant. How soon will Chase get relief?

4 to 6 weeks

In an experiment where Asian-American clients were matched with counsellors who shared their cultural values, it was noted that the:

Asian-American clients perceived more counsellor empathy and felt a stronger alliance with the counsellor.

John is a 28-year-old male who suffers from bipolar disorder. He does not like lithium because of the side effects. His doctor prescribes _____, originally used to treat epilepsy.

Depakote

Agnes is a graduate student in psychology who suffers from depression. She has been on antidepressants for years with marginal effect. Instead of taking additional medication or undergoing brain stimulation, her therapist recently encouraged her to review Stephen Ilardi's research on therapeutic lifestyle change. Agnes noticed that those who went through the 12-week training program performed all of the following EXCEPT: - sleeping 7 to 8 hours every night. - engaging in at least 30 minutes of aerobic exercise daily. - avoiding omega-3 fatty acids. - enhancing positive thinking.

avoiding omega-3 fatty acids.

Yvonne works for a government agency where she treats those who have psychological disorders. In order to do this, she has a Psy.D. When she was younger, she also had a supervised internship and postdoctoral training. Yvonne is most likely a:

clinical psychiatrist

Several years after his wife's death, Mr. Sanchez remains incapacitated by feelings of guilt and sadness. To reduce Mr. Sanchez's depression, a therapist is actively encouraging him to stop blaming himself for his inability to prevent his wife's death. The therapist's approach is most representative of _____ therapy.

cognitive

The placebo effect best illustrates the importance of _____ processes in therapeutic outcomes.

cognitive

Like alcohol, anti-anxiety drugs work by:

depressing CNS activity.

The CEO of a large corporation is considering the benefits her firm will offer employees. If she offers employees effective treatment for psychological problems, chances are good that medical costs will be _____.

reduced

One of the biggest benefits of lithium is _____.

reducing suicide risk

Today, Ellen is going to the mental health clinic for a relatively new treatment. During the procedure her brain will be exposed to repeated pulses of magnetic energy. This type of treatment is known as:

repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS).

During her weekly psychoanalytic therapy sessions, Sabrina will often abruptly shift the focus of her attention and lose her train of thought. A psychoanalyst would suggest that this illustrates _____.

resistance

All of the following were noted by the text as benefits of group therapy EXCEPT: - group therapy enables people to see that others share their problems. - group therapy provides feedback as clients try new ways of behaving. - the therapist notes supposed dream meanings and resistances in order to promote insight. - group therapy saves therapists' time and clients' money, often with no less effectiveness than individual therapy.

the therapist notes supposed dream meanings and resistances in order to promote insight.

Shane is mildly depressed. Which form of treatment is likely to have the greatest positive effect?

therapeutic lifestyle change

When making a decision on which therapy to use, the American Psychological Association (APA) advocates that clinicians consider all of the following EXCEPT: - therapeutic trends. - the best available research. - patient preferences. - clinical expertise.

therapeutic trends.

Given a nonjudgmental, grace-filled environment that provides _____, people may accept their worst traits and feel valued and whole.

unconditional positive regard

Dr. Pimler is conducting a study on a new antipsychotic medication. In order to determine if the drug is effective, he should:

use the double-blind technique.

Sharif has mild depression. Recently he read that research has shown that something as simple as frequent _____ can relieve symptoms.

walks in the woods

During his weekly therapy sessions, Colin finds it very difficult to talk about childhood memories. He often pauses before mentioning embarrassing moments, or simply forgets important details. A psychoanalyst would suggest that this illustrates:

resistance.

Which of the following is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)? - Xanax - Prozac - Thorazine - Zyprexa

Prozac

What is one reason it is always challenging to determine treatment effectiveness in the real world?

There is no way to control what happens in a person's life outside of therapy.

Zara's mother was in a mental institution in the late 1950s when antipsychotic drugs were first introduced. Like many others, Zara blames the _____ for her mother's subsequent homelessness.

rush to deinstitutionalize the mentally ill

Constance suffers from generalized anxiety disorder and Steven suffers from depression. What class of medication are they likely to be prescribed?

Both will receive antidepressants.

Of the following individuals, who is MOST likely to benefit from the use of lithium? - Landon, who experiences a generalized sense of apprehension and anxiety - Olivia, who experiences delusions and auditory hallucinations - Miranda, who experiences periods of extreme sadness, followed by episodes of optimistic overexcitement - Ivan, who experiences sudden brief episodes of intense dread and panic

Miranda, who experiences periods of extreme sadness, followed by episodes of optimistic overexcitement

Doug, a person who suffers from depression, recently saw an ad for free medication in return for participation in a new drug trial. Doug was told that he would be participating in a double blind study. What does that imply?

The researcher won't know if Doug is receiving a placebo or the medication.

Nancy's therapist is an active listener who often paraphrases what she says. He does not judge her and is quite open to her exploration of her weaknesses. He gives her appropriate validation and encourages her to reflect on her feelings. He wants to deepen her self-understanding. Her therapy is most likely:

client-centred.

Nancy's therapist encourages her to think about her strengths rather than her weaknesses and to develop a habit of thanking others when they compliment her or provide emotional support. The therapist's approach best illustrates _____ therapy.

cognitive-behavioural

Edith suffers from depression. She has been using antidepressants for years with little effect. She has resisted her therapist's recommendations of undergoing ECT. More recently, though, her therapist has been mentioning a new procedure that calms the area of the brain normally overexcited in people who are depressed by exciting neurons. This procedure is known as:

deep-brain stimulation.

Tracy is a manager for a large corporation and has been placed in charge of an important project. She now has to report to someone who she does not like, and is responsible for a staff that has a history of underperforming. On top of this, she is getting married in the next six months. She and her fiancé are fighting all the time and she has become irritable at work. Instead of talking about childhood memories, as well as Tracy's relationship with her mother, Tracy's new therapist decides to focus exclusively on the relationship she has with her boyfriend as well as her coworkers. Tracy's therapist is using:

interpersonal psychotherapy.

Dexter's therapist takes careful notes of Dexter's dreams as well as his resistance to talk about certain sensitive issues in an effort to provide his _____ of Dexter's disorder.

interpretation

Today, patients are very rarely treated using _____, a psychosurgical procedure in which the nerves that connect the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain are cut.

lobotomy

Brian has suffered from severe, unremitting depression for almost two decades. He has tried therapy, numerous psychotropic medications, and ECT. Nothing has helped. What is the likelihood that he might respond to deep brain stimulation (DBS)?

There is a chance this treatment will be effective.

Barry's good friend has been dealing with severe anxiety for the last few months. However, he is reluctant to see a therapist because he is hoping that his anxious feelings will eventually go away. What can Barry say that might convince him that seeing a therapist would be beneficial?

Those undergoing therapy are more likely to improve more quickly, and with less risk of relapse.

David's therapy with a 15-year-old patient has been going well, but she tends to bottle her feelings when discussing her relationship with her mother. He believes that she can benefit from her family's involvement; this may promote positive communication. Today's session brings together his patient and her parents. David is engaging in:

family therapy.

Aaron is undergoing Army basic training. He is being taught to reduce incapacitating anxiety by saying things to himself that enhance a sense of control during anxiety-producing situations. This best illustrates _____.

stress inoculation training

Mikkia needs therapy for help with procrastination. She says, "There's no way I'm going to that therapist! He sees patients three times a week for years on end. I need to get better soon!" The therapist most likely uses the _____ approach.

traditional psychoanalytic