Psych Ch. 6 Exam Questions

Classical and operant conditioning are forms _______ learning a) reflexive b) instinctive c) processual d) associative

d) associative

Which of the following demonstrates a continuous reinforcement schedule? a) Godzilla does not receive a piece of food when he comes when called b) Godzilla receives a piece of food every three times he comes when called c) Godzilla receives a piece of food every time he comes when called d) Godzilla receives a piece of food every ten times he comes when called

c) Godzilla receives a piece of food every time he comes when called

Which two concepts can be thought of as opposite processes within the classical conditioning model? a) punishment and reinforcement b) continuous reinforcement and partial reinforcement c) acquistino and extinction d) latent learning and insight learning

c) acquistino and extinction

Learning that occurs but is not observable in behavior until there is a reason to demonstrate it is called __________ learning a) latent b) conditioned c) partial d) primary

a) latent

Dave's boss told him that he doesn't have to attend the company picnic (which everybody dislikes) if Dave meets his sales quota this month. Dave's boss is using _______ a) negative reinforcement b) negative punishment c) positive reinforcement d) positive punsihment

a) negative reinforcement

Which of the following experiments involves the use of operant conditioning? a) blindfolding someone and timing him to see how long it takes him to estimate the size of a room b) determining how long it takes someone to learn how to fish if he is only allowed to watch other people fishing c) rewarding a child for finishing his oatmeal mush and counting how many times the child needs to be rewarded before he finishes his oatmeal voluntarily d) pairing a puff of air to the eye with seeing the color red in order to find out how many repetitions it will take for someone to blink when he sees the color red

c) rewarding a child for finishing his oatmeal mush and counting how many times the child needs to be rewarded before he finishes his oatmeal voluntarily

Although BF Skinner and John B Watson refuse to believe that thoughts and expectations play a role in learning, _________ suggested a cognitive aspect to learning. a) Edward C Tolman b) Rosalie Rayner c) Little Albert d) Ivan Pavlov

a) Edward C Tolman

Gus receives a paycheck at the end of every week. Which reinforcement schedule is this? a) Fixed interval b) fixed ratio c) variable ratio d) variable interval

a) Fixed interval

A signal or cue that reinforcement is forthcoming if a behavior occurs is known as: a) a discriminative stimulus b) primary reinforcer c) primary punisher d_) unconditioned stimulus

a) a discriminative stimulus

Tabetha has a mental picture of the layout of her house, also called a ________, so when she comes home late at night she can navigated through the rooms without turning on a light a) cognitive map b) latent map c) fixed ratio map d) fixed internal map

a) cognitive map

What do psychologists call a relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge that results from experience? a) learning b) instincts c) reflexes d) conditioning

a) learning

Jemma wants to teach her son to say thank you. Every time he says thank you, Jemma praises him and gives him a hug. Which reinforcement schedule is this? a) secondary b) continuous c) partial d) primary

b) continuous

When Medusa comes when her name is called she receives a piece of food. What operant conditioning technique does this demonstrate. a) negative reinforcement b) positive reinforcement c) negative punishment d) positive punishment

b) positive reinforcement

Which term best describes rewarding successive approximations of a target behavior? a) learning b) shaping c) acquisition d) reinforcement

b) shaping

You begin to salivate when you smell your favorite cake in the oven, but not when you smell the gross scent of a dirty diaper. This is an example of ____________ a) stimulus generalization b) stimulus discrimination c) operant conditioning d) higher order conditioning

b) stimulus discrimination

A "clicker" is considered a: a) primary reinforcer b) secondary/conditioned reinforcer c) secondary/conditioned punisher d) primary punisher

b)secondary/conditioned reinforcer

In order for learning to occur, reinforcement should be given ______ a behavior occurs a) 5 minutes after b) at the same time as c) immediately after d) before

c) immediately after

Gabrielle watches her father put batteries into her toy phone, and she is then able to put the batteries into the toy phone herself without further instruction from her father. In this example, Gabrielle's father is a __________ a) stimulus b) response c) model d) cognition

c) model

In classical conditioning, the association that is learned is between a _________ a) neutral stimulus and a neutral response b) conditioned stimulus and an unconditioned response c) neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus d) neutral response and a conditioned response

c) neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus ?

In _______ reinforcement, the person or animal is not reinforced every time a desired behavior is preformed? a) continuous b) primary c) partial d) secondary

c) partial

After a hurricane warning came across the television, young Eli became terrified of the alarm sound that signaled a severe weather warning. Over the next few months he heard it several times when the "required monthly tests" came on the television, and his fear faded away. One day the alarm sounded and Eli jumped up and ran out of the room. This return of a previously extinguished response is called __________ a) second-level conditioning b) operant conditioning c) spontaneous recovery d) latent learning

c) spontaneous recovery

Which of the following is an example of a reflex? a) addressing your elders as a sir or a maam because that is how you were raised b) deciding that you want to be a parent c) the pupil of your eye contracting in the presence of a bright light d) jumping for joy when your favorite team wins a championship

c) the pupil of your eye contracting in the presence of a bright light

What is the main idea of operant conditioning? a) fear is a conditioned response b) one can learn new behaviors by observing others c) learning can occur when a conditioned stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus d) Behavior is motivate by the consequences we receive for the behavior: reinforcements and punishments

d) Behavior is motivate by the consequences we receive for the behavior: reinforcements and punishments

Which of the following is an example of vicarious punishment? a) Laurie wants to receive a smiley sticker and she knows from reading the rulebook that she will receive one if she behaves herself b) Job wants to avoid being fired, so he follows the shop rules and does not smoke in the bathroom c) Belinda saw Mavis receive a hug for cleaning his room. She is careful to clean her room because she saw Mavis get a reward for doing it. d) Jeong observes his sister Bronwyn getting spanked for spitting out her carrots. Because he does not like getting spanked, he chews and swallows the carrots even though he hates them

d) Jeong observes his sister Bronwyn getting spanked for spitting out her carrots. Because he does not like getting spanked, he chews and swallows the carrots even though he hates them

Stanley was diagnosed with lymphoma and had to undergo several months of chemotherapy. During this time he would become very nauseated as a side effect, and unintentionally came to associate that nausea with his favorite grilled cheese sandwich. Now, years later, even thinking about a grilled cheese sandwich makes him sick. In this example Stanley's nauseous reaction to a grilled cheese sandwich is the ________ a) unconditioned response b) conditioned stimulus c) unconditioned stimulus d) conditioned response

d) conditioned response

What did John B Watson and Rosalie Rayner demonstrate with their studies of Little Albert? a) boys display more fear than girls b) boys display fear differently from girls c) fear cannot be a conditioned response d) emotion can be a conditioned response

d) emotion can be a conditioned response

Birds migrating, cat chasing prey, sea turtles moving toward the ocean immediately after birth, and a joey moving to its mother's pouch immediately after birth are all examples of _________ a) conditioning b) reflexes c) learning d) instincts

d) instincts

Which of the following is an example of fixed ratio reinforcement schedule? a) playing the slot machine b) feeding your fish every day at 8 am c) Checking your email at random times throughout the day instead of every time you hear the new email notification d) knowing you will get to play miniature golf as soon as you collect 10 gold stars for your reward chart

d) knowing you will get to play miniature golf as soon as you collect 10 gold stars for your reward chart

Gambling at a slot machine is an example of which reinforcement schedule? a) variable interval b) fixed interval c) fixed ratio d) variable ratio

d) variable ratio

__________ reinforcers have innate reinforcing qualities a)operant b)classical c)secondary d)primary

d)primary ?

According to psychologist __________ classical conditioning is effective because of the ability of a person or animal to predict the relationship between the UCS and the CS a) rescorla b) koelling c) garcia d) thorndike

a) rescorla