Psych ch 8 - language

Werker & Desjardins (1995)

-infants can distinguish among speech sounds of all the worlds languages. -universal adaptability lost around 10-12 months of age -Become specialists in their own native language

According to the view of Chomksy, humans are born with a biological makeup that gives them an innate knowledge of the syntax of language. This is called the language ________ device.

Acquisition

Which of the following persons is responsible for the development and design of the first useful individual test of intelligence in 1904?

Alfred Binet

David Wechsler's definition of intelligence

Intelligence is the aggregate or global capacity of the individual to act purposefully

Robert Sternberg's definition of intelligence

Mental activities involved in purposive adaption to, shaping of, and selection of real-world environments relevant to one's life

A widely used alternative intelligence test to the Stanford-Binet that yields a single overall intelligence score as well as separate scores for performance and verbal intelligence is the

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Test

A student who takes a multiple-choice test by reading the stem of each item, looking for key words, and generating a tentative response before looking at the responses. This helps the student narrow down the possible answers. This student is using

a heuristic

An algorithmic solution to a problem is one in which

a learned set of rules is used in solving the problem

motherese (parentese)

baby talk

An example of a well structured problem would be...

balancing your checkbook

Studies have found that students who learn to speak two languages will have

better control of their attention

Reliability is to____ as validity is to____.

consistency; accuracy

which example best illustrates creativity

devising a new use for a paperclip

Of those listed below, the highest positive correlation between the IQ scores of relatives would occur between... -parents and their children. -fraternal twins reared together. -siblings close in age (within two years) reared together. -identical twins reared apart.

identical twins reared apart

Using IQ scores as the sole measure of giftedness...

ignores special talents

Shaggy and Scooby could not figure out who the masked intruder was from the clues that they found, so they decided to put the clues down and go to the kitchen for a snack. After a couple of hours, Shaggy saw the clues again and realized who the masked intruder was. Shaggy solved this problem through

incubation

On a creativity test, you are asked to list all the uses of a paper clip. The more unusual or novel your answers the higher will be your __________ score.

originality

What does language do?

provides means of communication

A medical test for pregnancy, which gives positive and negative responses for the same woman on the same day, is lacking

reliability

Alfred Binet's definition of intelligence

the tendency to take and maintain a definite direction.

Divergent thinking most specifically involves ____.

thinking of many different ideas quickly

Howard Gardner's definition of intelligence

to resolve genuine problems or difficulties as they are encountered

Many "free" tests you encounter, such as those found in magazines and on the Internet, have little or no

validity

Scores on a test of legal aptitude are compared to grades in law school in order to establish the test's

validity