psych ch 9

What is the APA?

A professional association in the United States for clinical and research psychologists.

Which of the following is a good example of workplace violence?

Eduardo verbally abuses his assistant

When did the discipline of industrial-organizational psychology emerge?

20th century

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Using time and motion studies, Lillian and Frank Gilbreth tried to make workers more efficient by reducing the number of people required to perform a task.

The word "people" should be changed to the word "motions."

Which of the following statements about Kurt Lewin is false?

He was president of the APA in 1917.

Why were unions critical of Frederick Taylor's work on scientific management?

His approach depended on managers determining productivity rather than workers.

In 1966, Lillian Gilbreth received the ________ from the American Society of Civil Engineers.

Hoover Medal

Which of the following industrial psychologists was president of the American Psychological Association at the beginning of WWI?

Hugo Münsterberg

Who wrote Psychology and Industrial Efficiency?

Hugo Münsterberg

What was the main idea behind Frederick Taylor's work on the scientific approach to management?

If one could redesign the workplace there would be an increase in both company output and worker wages.

osetta is a master electrician. Often, she is the only woman at the construction site. Her male coworkers frequently make sexual comments about her appearance. She complains to the site manager, but he tells her to toughen up. What form of sexual harassment does this represent?

hostile environment

Industrial-organizational psychology is a branch of psychology that studies ________.

how human behavior and psychology affect work and how they are affected by work

hich of the following is not an example of Legislation Prohibiting Employment Discrimination?

Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972

What caused industrial psychologists to begin working with the military?

US entry into WW1

According to the research of Lillian Gilbreth, many employees were motivated by money and ________.

job satisfaction

Work overload, harassment, and bullying can all lead to ________.

job stress

In job specification, what does the acronym KSA stand for?

knowledge, skills, abilities

What area are human factors psychologists researching when they study when and how people decide to respond to engine failure during flight?

cognitive task analysis

What is job analysis?

describing the task accurately

Which of the following exemplifies a task-oriented approach to job analysis?

driver who can operate a forklift in small spaces, drive a cement-mixer, and handle explosive material

What is a performance appraisal?

evaluating an employee's success at performing the duties of the job

Which of the following is a frequent trigger for workplace violence?

feeling of being treated unfairly, unjustly, or disrespectfully

Which form of mentor-protégé relationship is the rarest?

female mentor-male protégé

Transactional leaders do not ________.

focus on worker input regarding assigned goals

Transformational leaders are not ________.

revolutionary

What is the most common reason for invoking a bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ) as a defense against an employer accused of discrimination?

sex

As a result of its interest in worker well-being and relationships, organizational psychology includes the study of ________.

sexual harassment

Halima is excellent at organizing events, but she is weak in delivering the opening address. She decides to focus on what she is good at and delegate the opening address to her immediate subordinate who excels in public speaking. Halima is practicing ________.

strengths-based management

Melora has a sick child at home. Her employer allows her to ________ for a week, so she can work from home, set her own hours, and complete most of her work while caring for her child.

telecommute

Hershel is a strict, goal-oriented manager. When his team achieves their daily productivity goals he rewards them with long lunches and bonus pay. When his team falls behind, he extends the work day by an hour and cuts lunch by fifteen minutes. What type of leader is Hershel?

transactional

Carlos is a small business owner. Recently, he became the primary caretaker for his aging mother. He works long hours at his business while also making sure that his mother can keep her medical appointments and has company in the evening. This exemplifies ________.

work-family balance

An organizational psychologist studies ________.

worker satisfaction, motivation, and commitment

hich of the following exemplifies a worker-oriented approach to job analysis?

works well under pressure and in group situations

Industrial-organizational psychologists work in four main contexts: academia, government, consulting, and ________.

business

Ted conducts a study regarding how walking on a treadmill instead of sitting at a desk impacts worker productivity. Ted's study is within the industrial-organizational specialty area of ________ psychology.

human factors

Which concept describes traits that are fundamental to one's personal identity (e.g., skin color and hair texture) that an employer cannot use to discriminate in hiring?

immutable characteristics

________ psychology is specifically concerned with describing job requirements and assessing individuals for their ability to meet those requirements.

industrial

________ psychology is the study of how workers interact with the tools of work and how to design those tools to optimize workers' productivity, safety, and health.

human factors

The United States Department of Labor maintains a database of previously compiled job analyses for different jobs and occupations. What is the database called?

O*Net

Diana is assessing applicants for a pilot job at a regional airfield. She wrote the description of the ideal candidate, and now she is reviewing the personality profiles of the applicants to screen those who do not fit the profile. Diana is working in the specialty area of industrial-organizational psychology called ________ psychology.

industrial

Which term describes the degree to which individuals enjoy their job?

job satisfaction

Which term describes a form of informal training in which an experienced employee guides the work of a new employee?

mentoring

________ are the symbols, language (jargon, slang, and humor), narratives (stories and legends), and practices (rituals) that represent the underlying cultural assumptions of an organizational culture.

observable artifacts

What are the 2012 estimated annual earnings for someone with a doctorate specializing in industrial-organizational psychology?

over $110,000

Robert Yerkes, who lived from ________ to ________, was a pioneer in the area of industrial psychology.

1876-1956

Managers at S-Mart routinely expect their employees to volunteer hours at the local veteran's center. The organization supports this practice since it shows commitment, empathy, and compassion, all things that S-Mart endorses as part of its company mission. This represents the ________ aspect of organizational culture.

B. espoused values

Which of the following exemplifies the Hawthorne effect?

Cancer patients volunteer for an experimental treatment and report improved mood to the researchers during the first few days of the treatment.

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? In human factors psychology, the area of cognitive engineering includes the study of vigilance and monitoring, recognizing signals in noise, mental resources, and divided attention.

The phrase "cognitive engineering" should be changed to the word "attention."

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Research has suggested that the workload factor, which includes variety, difficulty level, and role clarity of the job, is the most predictive factor of overall job satisfaction

The word "workload" should be changed to the phrase "work-content."

Claudia is told by her psychology professor that if she wants to receive a good grade on her final exam, she will need to come to his house for dinner and private tutoring. Claudia suspects her professor may be sexually harassing her. What form of sexual harassment does this represent?

quid pro quo

According to research, what kind of job interview is most successful at predicting job performance?

structured

What did the researchers, who identified the Hawthorne effect, see as evidence that employee performance was influenced by something other than the physical work conditions?

Any change in a variable, such as lighting levels, led to an improvement in productivity; this was true even when the change was negative, such as a return to poor lighting.

Where did the study that identified the Hawthorne effect take place?

Chicago

Who wrote The Principles of Scientific Management?

Frederick Winslow Taylor

What does research suggest about gender diversity and team productivity?

Gender-balanced teams performed better, as measured by sales and profits, than predominantly male teams.

Which of the following is true regarding the accuracy and reliability of a job analysis?

It can depend on the nature of the descriptions and the source for the job analysis.

Which of the following is not a reason that mentoring is particularly important to the career success of women?

It provides a male authority figure for women

Who founded the psychological consulting firm called Psychological Corporation?

James Cattell

Who wrote The Psychology of Management: The Function of the Mind in Determining, Teaching, and Installing Methods of Least Waste?

Lillian Gilbreth

Which of the following is a disadvantage of strengths-based management?

Managers neglect improving their weaknesses and overusing their strengths

Why is age a bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ) for airline pilots?

Mandatory retirement ages exist for safety reasons.

Lillian Gilbreth, a psychologist who conducted early research in the area of industrial psychology, conducted her research at ________ University.

Purdue

Which of the following statements about Lillian Gilbreth is false?

She attended Dartmouth University

Several influential early psychologists studied issues that today would be categorized as industrial psychology, including James Cattell, Hugo Münsterberg, and Walter Dill Scott, who were all students of ________.

Wilhelm Wundt

What has research found to be the primary difference between male and female leadership style?

Women tend to practice an interpersonal style and men practice a task-oriented style

What is the primary contribution of Walter Dill Scott to industrial-organizational psychology? He was one of the first psychologists to ________.

apply psychology to advertising, management, and personnel selection

A unique feature of industrial psychology is that it ________.

considers issues of legality regarding discrimination in hiring

Design teams for car manufacturers create new vehicle models. What type of team does this exemplify?

creative

The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission is responsible for ________.

enforcing federal laws that make it illegal to discriminate against a job applicant

In Europe, what is human factors psychology called?

ergonomics

Sex has been determined as a bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ) for ________.

guards in male prisons

Which specialty area within industrial-organizational psychology might involve a study of workers who commit violence in their workplace?

organizational

________ psychology is a discipline interested in how relationships among employees affect those employees and the performance of a business.

organizational

The diagnostic teams at the Centers for Disease Control exemplify a ________ team.

problem resolution

A police or FBI SWAT team handling a hostage situation exemplifies a ________ team.

tactical

What area are human factors psychologists researching when they study what steps people take to successfully wash their hands before performing surgery?

task analysis

Lucia is optimistic about goal achievement, and she encourages her team to think critically and solve problems. She is also considerate of their needs. What type of leader is Lucia?

transformational

Different personality types use different forms of impression management during job interviews. For example, extroverts use ________.

verbal self-promotion