psych chapter 2 questions

Which of the following is associated with pain relief?

endorphins

Which of the following techniques analyzes blood oxygen levels to look at the functioning of the brain?

fMRI

Which gland(s) have the greatest influence over other components of the endocrine system?

pituitary

Which gland(s) influence all other glands within the endocrine system?

pituitary gland

Maria often sleeps soundly and rarely awakens to any outside noise. However, the cries of Maria's baby can awaken her immediately. What part of the brain is responsible for this reaction?

reticular formation

Although oxytocin has been tied to a variety of prosocial behaviors such as "love" and "trust," some researchers believe that in humans, it may actually work to increase __________.

the importance of some social stimuli

If you touch a hot stove, your spinal cord can prompt you to withdraw your hand without having to send the message all the way to the brain. This is due to what scientists call __________.

the reflex arc

Andrew has always been thin. In fact, he often seems to be able to eat whatever he wants without gaining weight. The doctor told his parents that Andrew's __________ gland is the cause of his fast metabolism.

thyriod

Jessica suffered a severe blow to the back of her head when she was thrown from her horse. Subsequently, her occipital lobe has been injured. Which of her senses has the highest chance of being affected?

vison

Felicia is recovering from a brain injury. She is able to speak fluently but often uses incorrect words in a sentence. In one instance at a friend's birthday party, she said, "I would like something to drink. Can I have some battery?" Felicia's problem may be a symptom of __________.

Wernicke's aphasia

Which neurotransmitter stimulates skeletal muscle cells to contract but slows contractions of the heart?

acetylcholine

The neurons of the sensory pathway contain __________.

afferent neurons

Heroin mimics the actions of endorphins, inhibiting pain signals. Heroin is an example of a(n) __________.

agonist

The venom of a black widow spider acts as a(n) __________ by mimicking the effects of acetylcholine.

agonist

If you were to develop a rare condition in which you were not able to remember to be afraid of certain situations, animals, or events, which part of the brain would most likely be damaged?

amygdala

Nicole and Camille are synchronized swimmers for their college swim team. They often work long hours to ensure the movements in their routine are perfectly timed. What part of their brains must Camille and Nicole rely most upon?

cerebellum

What part of the brain can sometimes be referred to as the "rind" or outer covering?

cortex

Dr. Roll is conducting a research study. She wants to measure the physical connectivity in the research participants' brains by imaging their white matter. Which of the following methods will she use?

diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)

Which of the following techniques involves passing a mild current through the brain to activate certain structures without damaging them?

electrical stimulation of the brain

Which one of the following is NOT a function of glial cells?

generating action potentials

Which part of the brain is involved in the creation of long-term, declarative memories and is often linked to Alzheimer's disease?

hippocampus

When a neuron is in the resting potential state, the neuron is negatively charged on the __________ and positively charged on the __________.

inside, outside

Jaime's grandfather recently suffered a stroke and has had difficulty with language production ever since. Most likely, he has experienced damage to the __________ area of his brain.

left frontal

Bailey is a subject in a study on memory and problem solving. The researcher is applying magnetic pulses to her brain through copper wire coils positioned directly above her scalp. Bailey's study would best be described as a(n) __________ technique.

noninvasive stimulation

Robert has had difficulty sleeping for the past 6 months, and his body seemingly no longer differentiates between night and day. His doctor believes the problem lies with Robert's endocrine system. What gland will Robert's physician focus on?

pineal

Although the brain works largely as a whole, which of the following is not a correct pairing of hemisphere and function?

right: control of right-handed motor functions

Which of the following would be active if you have just had an automobile accident?

sympathetic division

If you were suffering from neurological problems and your neurologist wanted to have a study done of your brain and its electrical functioning, which of the following techniques would be most appropriate?

EEG

Which technique of studying the brain involves injecting the patient with radioactive glucose?

PET

You have a dream in which you wake up to find that people around you are using words that make no sense. What's more, your friends don't seem to understand you when you speak. At one point in your dream, your mom tells you that you almost forgot your tree limb today. When you give her a puzzled look, she holds up your lunchbox and repeats, "You know, your tree limb." Your predicament in your dream is most like which of the following disorders?

Wernicke's aphasia

Involuntary muscles are controlled by the __________ nervous system.

autonomic

Which part of the neuron carries messages to other cells?

axon

In the structure of the neuron, the __________ receives messages from other cells.

dendrite

Yvonne's ability to reach for and pick up her book is largely due to the functions of the __________ pathway of the __________ nervous system.

motor, somatic

Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells generate a fatty substance known as __________.

myelin

Which of the following insulates and protects a neuron's axon, as well as helps speed along electrical impulses?

myelin sheath

When a neuron's resting potential is occurring, the neuron is __________ charged on the inside.

negatively

What is the process whereby the structure and function of brain cells change in response to trauma, damage, or even learning?

neuroplacticity

In which of the following lobes of the cortex would you find the primary visual cortex?

occipital

Your friend Melissa has suffered from diabetes for her entire life. She regularly tests her blood to make sure her sugar levels are not too high or low. Which gland in her endocrine system is responsible for regulating her blood sugar?

pancreas

As you take notes, your heart beats at a normal rate. Your breathing is normal and your stomach slowly digests your earlier meal. What part of the peripheral nervous system is currently in action?

parasympathetic division

Neurotransmitters must pass from an axon terminal to the next dendrite by crossing a fluid-filled space called the __________.

synapse

Which brain structure relays incoming sensory information?

thalamus

Your psychology professor refers to this as the great relay station of the brain. What part is he or she referring to?

thalamus