Psych chapter 3

cerebellum

A basketball star's ability to dribble the ball down the court, jump up toward the basket, and dunk the basketball can be credited to an area of the hindbrain called the _____.

hindbrain

A person could survive with only the _____ and the midbrain

cerebellum

A person who has serious problems with balance may have suffered damage to their _____.

based on the localization of the damage

After damage to the spinal cord, the amount of function that is lost is:

cerebellum

After injury to her hindbrain, Kira seems uncoordinated and often trips or stumbles. Kira's _____ may be damaged.

interdependent and interact with one another

All parts of the brain are

pick an object up with her left hand that was presented to her right field of vision.

Amy, a split-brain patient, could NOT:

sees something emotional

An area of the brain called the amygdala shows activation when a person:

go to the right half of both retinas and the right hemisphere of the brain.

An image shown the LEFT visual field will

fusiform gyrus

Brain imaging techniques have allowed researchers to discover that an area of the brain called the _____ activates when people look at faces.

electroencephalography

Brent is taking part in an experiment in a cognitive neuroscience laboratory on campus. Silently, he reads rapid sequences of words flashed on a computer screen. Simultaneously, the electrical activity of his brain is recorded through skull electrodes. The brain study technique used in this experiment is _____.

plasticity

Craig has been driving a taxi in New York City for 25 years. A brain scan demonstrates that the areas of his brain involved in spatial navigation are twice as large as those areas in other adults. These differences demonstrate that the brain shows extreme:

primary visual cortex

David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel measured the response of individual neurons and found that neurons in the _____ are activated when a contrast between light and dark occurs.

hippocampus

Destiny suffers from anterograde amnesia. Whenever she meets a person, she forgets having met them after about a minute, and reintroduces herself. Destiny MOST likely has damage to an area of the brain called the _____.

EEG (electroencephalograph).

Dr. Enrico is interested in measuring the difference in action potentials in the frontal lobe of the brain between schizophrenic people and a control group composed of non-schizophrenic individuals. He attaches a device to the outside of the skull that will measure the action potentials. The device he is using is a(n):

EEG

Dr. Lee is doing a study on perception and wants to measure brain activity for cortical structures that are on the outer area of the brain. He cannot afford to use equipment that gives good resolution, but only needs information about action potentials as an indicator of activity. Dr. Lee decides to use a(n) _____.

central; peripheral

Eddie has been feeling very lethargic lately and the doctors think he may have a thyroid problem. They told him the problem could be originating in his brain or at the gland. If it is beginning in his brain, it is coming from his _____ nervous system, and if it is beginning in his gland, it is coming from his _____ nervous system.

activity of oxygenated hemoglobin in the blood in the brain and body

Functional magnetic imaging (fMRI) directly measures the:

personality and how a person behaves.

Genes and environment work together to determine

not respond to any other shapes

Grace and Liz are investigating single neurons in the primary visual cortex of mice and have found a neuron that responds to a circular shape. This neuron will:

left temporal lobe

If Hannah has Wernicke's aphasia, she has damage to her

there is a significant genetic influence on narcolepsy.

Imagine that the narcolepsy rate is 30 percent for dizygotic twins and 70 percent for monozygotic twins. These observations imply that:

communication between the left and right hemispheres of the brain

In cases where the corpus callosum is severed, the _____ would be impaired.

reticular formation

In one study, stimulation of the _____ in sleeping cats caused them to awaken immediately

more of her somatosensory cortex is devoted to her hand.

Jackie loves it when her boyfriend lightly caresses her hand as opposed to her arm, because she feels much more sensation in her hand. She has more sensitivity in her hand because:

plasticity

Jayden damaged his motor cortex during a car accident, but over time, part of the frontal lobe nearby began to coordinate some muscle movements. This is an example of brain:

MRI

Juanita thinks she is having a stroke. Based on knowledge about image resolution, the method of structural image known as _____ would be the BEST method for diagnosing a stroke.

influence of genetics on behavior, traits, and psychological disorders.

Nature refers to the:

environmental influence on behavior, traits, and psychological disorders.

Nurture refers to the:

spinal cord

Our reflexes are governed by the

below

Patients with damage at a certain point of the spinal cord lose sensation and abilities in body parts _____ the level of the injury.

with producing speech

Patients with damage to Broca's area will likely have difficulty:

hippocampus

Patricia just began teaching a class and is trying to memorize the names of her students. Her ability to store these in memory will rely upon the work of her:

cannot understand what is being said to them

People with damage to Wernicke's area:

has a noticeable genetic influence

Research comparing monozygotic and dizygotic twins who were raised together has found that, compared to dizygotic twins, both monozygotic twins are morelikely to have schizophrenia. This indicates that the disorder:

the surgery did not seem to affect their everyday behavior.

Roger Sperry observed in split-brain patients that:

epigenetics

Samantha has developed schizophrenia while her monozygotic twin sister Elizabeth has not. Samantha began showing symptoms a year after she experienced a sexual assault. This difference between Samantha and Elizabeth, even though the twins share 100 percent of their genes, is the subject of an area of research called _____.

spinal reflexes

Shawn is cooking and accidentally grabs the pan in the wrong spot and burns his hand. Shawn's ability to rapidly pull his hand away from the pan is caused by his _____.

the spinal cord

Spinal reflexes require input from

plasticity in the brain

Studies of concert pianists have shown examples of:

vertebrate

The _____ brain is hierarchically organized, while the invertebrate brain is not.

corpus collosum

The _____ is/are a bundle of axons that connects the two hemispheres of the brain and allows them to communicate with each other.

parasympathetic

The _____ nervous system helps the body return to resting after dealing with a threat

peripheral

The _____ nervous system is the major nervous system that connects the brain and spinal cord to the organs and muscles throughout the rest of the body.

sympathetic

The _____ nervous system prepares the body for action in threatening situations.

spinal cord

The actor Christopher Reeve lost all sensation and motor control below his neck after damage to his _____ in a horseback riding accident.

4th

The basic levels of the brain become visible during the _____ week of pregnancy.

EEG

The benefit of using a(n) _____ is that it allows researchers to make fundamental discoveries about the nature of sleep.

language

The earliest evidence for hemispheric specialization came from research on:

spinal cord

The neural tube grows to form the basis of the:

control the most basic functions of life

The primary function of the hindbrain is to:

words go to the left side of the retina and then the left hemisphere of the brain

The right visual field is at an advantage for reading words because:

gyri

The smooth, raised parts of the cerebral cortex are called _____ and the indentations, or fissures, are called sulci.

corpus callosum

The two hemispheres of the brain are joined by the:

somatic

When Jim reaches for his spoon to take a bite of his egg drop soup, he can consciously do so because he is using the _____ nervous system.

motor neurons

When spinal reflexes occur, interneurons relay sensory input to the _____ in the spinal cord and fast contractions can then occur.

the hind brain

Which area of the brain controls the most basic functions of life?

neural tube; spinal cord; hindbrain; cerebral cortex

Which is the correct order of prenatal central nervous system development?

frontal lobe

Which part of the cerebral cortex deals with abstract thinking, planning, executive control, and judgment—the qualities that make us most human?

cardiovascular excersize

Which promotes neuron growth and increased synaptic connections in the hippocampus of nonhuman animals?

The prevalence is greater in monozygotic twins compared to dizygotic twins.

Which scenario would indicate that a disorder has a genetic influence, assuming these twins were all raised in shared environments?

pituitary gland

Which structure is the conductor, or "master gland," of the hormone-producing system?

mirror

_____ neurons are activated when watching another animal behaving, and are involved in social behavior.

Computerized axial tomography (CT)

_____ provides an image constructed by various x-ray photographs and shows different densities of tissue in the brain.

plasticity

_____ refers to the ability of the cortex to adapt to change.

frontal

fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) scans have confirmed a hypothesis that followed Phineas Gage's accident: that the _____ lobe is important for the regulation of emotion.

the left frontal lobe

the loss of the ability to speak is associated with damage to