Psych Chapter 4

Beginning at about _____ months, children many greet strangers by crying and reaching for their familiar caregivers

8

The Markowitz family has a son, Noah, who has exceptionally high intelligence and excels in math. However, he lacks social and communicative skills which limit his ability to sustain normal peer relationships. Noah has been diagnosed with:

ASD

The process of developing a sense of identity during adolescence was highlighted by:

Erik Erikson's psychosocial development theory

The importance of schemas was MOST clearly highlighted by:

Jean Piaget's cognitive development theory.

_____ is to understanding children's cognitive development as _____ is to understanding the psychosocial development

Jean Piaget; Erik Erikson

____ refers to people's ideas about their own and others' mental states—that is, how feelings, perceptions, or thoughts might predict behavior

Theory of mind

When children use their new experience in terms of their existing schema, this is known as:

assimilation

Sharon's father demands total obedience from his children. When he speaks, he expects his children to listen. He allows no discussion and no arguing. He has zero tolerance for breaking the rules he has set forth. Sharon's father has this type of parenting style.

authoritarian

Two sealed, pyramid-shaped beakers contain what are clearly identical amounts of a liquid. However, a child judges them as holding different amounts of liquid after one beaker is inverted. The child apparently lacks a:

concept of conservation

According to Jean Piaget, during this stage of cognitive development, children are able to think logically about events, grasp analogies, and perform arithmetical operations

concrete operational

5-year-old Otto complained to his mother that the pizza was not big enough. Otto's mom cut the pizza into smaller slices, thus making Otto happy as he believed the pizza had become larger. Otto lacks the concept of:

conservation

During adolescence, most people achieve Jean Piaget's intellectual stage known as:

formal operational

Jeremy is 16 years old and is trying out different clothes and hairstyles. His father is confused and sometimes shocked by the pairing of shirts and pants, earrings, chains, and hair colors. His mother on the other hand, just laughs. According to Erik Erikson, Jeremy is in the stage of development called:

identity vs. role confusion

According to Erik Erikson, one positive outcome of the struggle for identity is the development of a comfortable sense of who one is and capacity for:

intimacy with others

To most people, the sexual abuse of a very young child is so emotionally repulsive that they immediately recognize it as a shameful act. Such quick gut feelings illustrate the concept of:

moral intuitions

Compared to children with authoritarian parents, children of authoritative parents are:

more likely to develop a sense of self-reliance and more likely to demonstrate social competence

A game of peek-a-boo with his dad excites William during the first six months of his life because William actually thinks his dad has disappeared. This is because William lacks:

object permanence

According to Lawrence Kohlberg, people who develop an abstract level of reasoning where they perceive basic ethical principles and the moral good as more important than their own self have developed what is known as _____.

postconventional morality

Jarrud thinks he should obey his teachers only if they are carefully watching him. Lawrence Kohlberg would suggest that Jarrud demonstrates _____ morality

preconventional

According to Jean Piaget, object permanence and stranger anxiety develop during this stage of cognitive development

sensorimotor