Psych Chapter 7 test questions

When we aren't sure where a memory really came from ("Did it really happen? Or was it a dream?") we can use cues such as how vivid and detailed the memory is to determine the answer. This process is called considered recollection. cryptomnesia. initial recollection. source monitoring.

source monitoring.

A group of students were told they were being given the drug Ritalin before taking the SAT while another group was told they were taking a dummy pill. Both groups actually received the dummy pill. The students who thought they had taken Ritalin had ________ the other group. poorer SAT scores than greatly better SAT scores than slightly better SAT scores than the same SAT scores as

the same SAT scores as

Eshan's mother, Parinaaz, was losing her memory, and it was greatly distressing to all concerned. Eshan thought it was Alzheimer's disease, but that was not necessarily true. Alzheimer's disease accounts for only ________ percent of cases of dementia. 10 to 20 25 to 35 60 to 75 50 to 60

50 to 60

Susan's teacher told Susan's parents that Susan could remember a string of 6 digits. The number of digits a person can remember is called the Magic Number. At about the age of 12, a child's memory is usually sufficient for a Magic Number of ________ (plus or minus 2). 11 9 3 7

7

Which of the following is one of the three major processes of memory? Encoding Proactive interference Long term Decaying

Encoding

Which mental phenomenon can be defined as "the retention of information over time"? Memory Knowledge Understanding Thinking

Memory

Which of the following describes the term "schema"? Organized knowledge structure or mental model that we've stored in memory Process of getting information into our memory banks Process of keeping information in memory A learning aid, strategy, or device that enhances recall

Organized knowledge structure or mental model that we've stored in memory

What type of graph would be used to illustrate the primacy and recency effects? Histogram Serial position curve Enneagram Ebbinghaus curve

Serial position curve

Which of the following is more highly correlated with memory span in children? Shoe size Intelligence Age Position

Shoe size

Memory is not always accurate because memories tend to be actively reconstructed. passively reproduced. deliberately deceptive. unintentionally recorded

actively reconstructed.

When we have ________ amnesia, we cannot form memories of new experiences. infantile anterograde long-term potentiation retrograde

anterograde

Afra was not looking forward to the midterm exam, but she was happy that at least she was taking it in the same room where she learned the material. Studies have shown the students perform slightly better on exams if they are tested in the same room where they learned the material. This is evidence for retrospective bias. state-dependent learning. encoding specificity. context-dependent learning.

context-dependent learning

There are various techniques available to help people improve their ability to recall material. For instance, when you remember something new by connecting it mentally to something you already know, you are using a mnemonic device. levels of processing. distributed study. elaborative rehearsal.

elaborative rehearsal

We can use mnemonics to help us ________ information we want to retain in our memories. encode comprehend store retrieve

encode

In the 1920s, Karl Lashley hoped to discover the ________, the actual physical trace of a memory in the brain. He later concluded that memories are not stored this way. engram assembly postsynaptic receptors hippocampus

engram

Scientists devise ________ in order to ensure that the memories elicited in their false-memory-implantation experiments are actually false. plausibility estimates existence proofs cryptomnesia proofs statistical estimates

existence proofs

Jing, age 20, claimed to be able to remember lots of things from when she was only a few months old. The odds are that Jing's memories were false memories. absolutely correct. accurate enough, but the memories probably happened at an even earlier age. true memories of things that happened to other people

false memories

The fact that people usually correctly remember where they were when they learned of the September 11th attacks, but are less exact about what they were doing or who told them, leads researchers to believe that ________, while not completely reliable, contain "substantial kernels of accuracy." recovered memories source monitoring initial recollection flashbulb memories

flashbulb memories

The type of sensory memory that is used for visual stimuli, such as television or movies, is called super short-term memory. implicit memory. reconstructed memory. iconic memory.

iconic memory.

Most people can't accurately remember anything they experienced in their earliest years. This phenomenon is known as anterograde amnesia. juvenile amnesia. infantile amnesia. retrograde amnesia

infantile amnesia.

A memory that is actually false but "feels real" and can be triggered by, for instance, looking at a list of associated words, is called a(n) representative heuristic. memory illusion. paradoxical memory. active reconstruction.

memory illusion.

Over time, children develop greater knowledge of their own memory abilities and limitations. The term for this is meta-memory. comprehension. habituation. learning.

meta-memory.

The remembering method that associates rhymes to a list of words in a particular order is called the pegword method. schema method. keyword method. method of loci.

pegword method.

It is easier to take multiple-choice tests than essay tests because multiple-choice tests require only ________ rather than ________. recall; recognition recognition; recall recall; relearning encoding specificity; recall

recognition; recall

Amir was watching a TV show. Amir's ________ memory briefly retained each frame of the stream of visual images for a moment, before passing them on to short-term memory. sensory decay permanent long-term

sensory