PSYCH Exam 1

The $40 million Human Connectome Project harnesses technology to map neural connections across long distances within the brain

diffusion spectrum imaging

Smiling is to feeling as is to

evolution; natural selection

Neurons that function within the brain and spinal cord called

motor neurons

Excitatory signals to a neuron must exceed inhibitory signals by a minimum intensity in

an action potential

Joshua has suddenly and unexpectedly begun to feel so depressed that he frequently stays home from school. It would be best for Joshua to contact a psychologist

clinical

Factors other than those of interest that can potentially influence the results of a study are called

cofounding variables

Dr. Carson conduct research on the relationship between adults' language skills and their capacity to solve mathematical problems. Dr. Carson is most likely a psychologist

cognitive

One research team randomly assigned hospitalized premature infants either to formula feedings or to breast-milk feedings. Which research method did they use?

experimentation

Misinformation that is given intentionally can be called

false news

The release of cortisol into the bloodstream is most likely to

increase blood sugar

The release of epinephrine into the bloodstream is most likely to

increase blood sugar

Which lobes of the brain receive the input that enables you to feel your friend giving you a back rub?

parietal

Dr Abe is an expert in weight-loss management and techniques. He repeatedly finds that as consumers eat fewer calories, they also lose weight. This is an example of

positive correlation

Which early psychologist aimed to study the evolved functions of our thoughts and feelings?

William James

Which portion of the cerebral cortex lies directly behind the forehead and is involved in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgements?

front lobes

What is it about humans that allow us to adapt to our ever-changing environment

frontal lobe

The vast majority of neurons in the body's nervous system are

interneurons

Factors other than those of interest that can potentially influence the results of a study are called

confounding variables

Professor Delos believes that most men prefer physically attractive and well-built partners because this preference promoted the survival of out ancestors' genes. This viewpoint best illustrated the perspective

evolutionary

The group of people who are exposed to an experiment

experimental

English natural scientist whose thinking about species variation led to evolutionary psychology was

Charles Darwin

Who mapped the motor cortex during the 1930's

Foerster and Penfield

The part of the brainstem that controls heartbeat and breathing is called the

Medulla

The endocrine gland that triggers the fight or flight response is the

adrenal glands

Increasing excitatory signals above the threshold for neural activation will not affect the intensity of an action potential. This indicates that a neuron's reaction is

all or non response

S.M. is a patient who has been called "the woman with no fear," even of being threatened with a gun. Her fearlessness is best attributed to damage to her

amygdala

Falsely hearing a sound in the absence of any external stimulus is called

an hallucination

Elena and some friends from class are studying for midterms. As they talk, levels of oxytocin in Elena's bloodstream begin to rise. This is most likely to lead Elena to experience increased feelings of social

anxiety

Studies conducted for the sake of building psychology's base of knowledge are most clearly examples of

basic research

Professor Istrati is examining the effect that early death of a parent has on adult children's feelings of security. The attitude regarding feelings of security can be considered a

behavior

Margaret was in a car accident and suffered damage to the left side of her brain. Yet, she has difficulty moving her right arm, not her left arm. This indicates that the

motor cortex on the right side of the brain controls movements of specific body parts on the opposite side of the body.

The survival organisms best suited to a particular environment is known as

natural selection

Stan is reading peer-reviewed research studies that have found that as the amount of corporal punishment increases, the intelligence level of the child decreases. This demonstrates a(n)

negative correlation

Jane is explaining how neurons communicate to her friend. How should she best define threshold for her friend?

nerve impulse

The relief of pain following the taking of an inactive substance that is perceived to have medicinal benefits

placebo effect

A representative sample is one that accurately reflects a larger...

population

Formulating testable predictions before conduction research is most directly useful for restraining a thinking error known as

random sampling

Why might so many people believe the commonly accepted idea that roaches could survive a nuclear bomb?

repetition

Most signals that neurons receive from other neurons are speeding up the neuron; some however are slowing it down

reuptake ; refractory

popularly prescribed antidepressants are called

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

twins have similar levels of intelligence largely because they share common genes. His idea is best described as an

theory

Surveys indicate that people are less likely to support "affirmative action" than "preferential treatment" These somewhat paradoxical survey results best illustrate the importance of

wording effects