Psych Exam 2

12. Think about the following items: (I) Cooking utensils (II) Items found in a kitchen (III) Spatula These are examples of what types of concepts, respectively?

(I) basic level, (II) superordinate, (III) subordinate

Which of the following illustrates Vygotsky's concept of scaffolding?

A teacher works one-on-one with a student and then begins to withdraw help as the student becomes more skilled.

________ thinking works well for routine problem solving but may be of little use when a more creative solution is needed.

Convergent

A paraphilic disorder characterized by recurrent, intense sexual arousal from exposure of one's genitals to an unsuspecting person

Exhibitionistic disorder

A heuristic is problem-solving method in which one possible solution after another is tried until a successful one is found

False

According to the Yerkes-Dodson law, people perform best at their highest level of arousal

False

As a result of false positives, an error in recognition, people who are guilty of a crime may not be recognized by eyewitnesses

False

Gender is biological in nature while sex is psychological

False

In the nature vs. nurture controversy, nature refers to the influence of the environment on personality, physical growth, intellectual growth, and social interactions

False

Language is based on sound units called morphemes

False

Maslow's transcendence need can be described as appreciating order, beauty, and symmetry

False

Massed practice is a strategy for memorization according to which studying material is spaced out with breaks between study periods

False

Pat derives intense sexual arousal from observing Alex (their significant other) disrobing. Alex is aware and a consenting party. This is an example of a voyeuristic disorder

False

The stage of development when a person's physical status peaks and then begins to decline is called adolescence

False

When a single egg is fertilized by one sperm and then splits in half, developing into two seperate fetuses, this will result in Fraternal twins

False

the germinal period occurs from 2 to 8 weeks after fertilization

False

A paraphilic disorder characterized by recurrent, intense sexual arousal from touching or rubbing up against a non-consenting person

Frotteuristic disorder

the chromosome disorder that occurs when a male's 23rd set of chromosomes include an extra X (i.e. XXY) is called

Klinefelter syndrome

Which of the following research highlighted the diversity of behavioral combinations occurring during a single sexual event among US adults?

National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior (2010 Indiana University study)

For an HIV-negative woman, which of the following behaviors carries the highest risk of acquiring HIV from an HIV-infected man, assuming that man has detectable levels of virus in his body?

Sharing needles with the man during injection drug use

What is one of the criticisms of Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

Some people who struggle with lower needs may still satisfy higher needs.

A teratogen is defined as any substance, such as a drug, chemical, or virus, that can bring about a birth defect

True

According to Spearman's theory of intelligence, the G factor relates to general intelligence, which is the ability to reason and solve problems

True

According to the cognitive- meditational theory of emotion, a person's emotional reaction to a stimulus depends on his/her interpretation or appraisal of the stimulus

True

Bits of information are combined into meaningful units so that more information can be held in short-term memory through the process called Chunking

True

Cognitive universalism is the theory that concepts are universal and influence the development of language

True

Flashbulb memories are a type of automatic encoding that occur because an unexpected event that has strong emotional associations for the person remembering it

True

Harlow's study involving rhesus monkeys demonstrated that contact comfort is important in attachment

True

Incentives are things that attract or lure people into action

True

Instincts are biologically determined and innate patterns of behavior existing in both people and animals

True

Intellectual disability is a condition in which a person's behavior and cognitive skills exist at an earlier developmental stage than the skills of others of the same chronological age

True

Intersex conditions can involve abnormalities of the external genitals, internal reproductive organs, sex chromosomes, or sex-related chromosomes

True

It is possible for a test to be reliable but not valid

True

Mental images are mental representations that stand for objects or events and have a picture-like quality

True

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is medication that can be taken on a daily basis to help prevent HIV acquisition

True

Primary sex characteristics are present at birth

True

Semantic memory and episodic memory are both types of explicit memory

True

Someone who needs more arousal than the average person is called a sensation seeker

True

The fact that it is easier to recall items at the beginning and end of a list of unrelated items is known as the serial position effect.

True

The language of acquisition device is an innate "program" for language development

True

The majority of the population is cisgender

True

To predict or understand a person's behavior, expectancy-value theorists consider it important to take into account the beliefs and value that the person attaches to a given behavior and its consequences

True

Several facial expressions appear to universally communicate the same emotions across cultures

Tue

19. A psychological test that measures what we intend it to measure is said to be ________.

Valid

Which of the following sexually transmitted infections are more common among adolescents and young adults vs. older adults?

a. chlamydia b. gonorrhea c. syphilis

"Sexual orientation" is a concept that can include

a. whom you have sex with b. how you identify your sexuality c. whom you are physically/emotionally attracted to

Adjusting behavior or thoughts to fit new environmental demands is called ________.

accommodation

People high in the need for ___________ want to be liked by others and are good team players

affiliation

What kind of attachment, according to Ainsworth, is shown by a baby who clings to his or her mother, gets upset when the mother leaves, and demands to be picked up but at the same time kicks and pushes her away?

ambivalent

In which of Piaget's stages does the child develop conservation

concrete operations

In US culture, which of the following would be considered a prototype of a farm animal?

cow

Dr. Halk is studying the influence of getting older on intelligence. He tests a group of first-graders, a group of third-graders, and a group of sixth-graders. They are all tested at one time point. This is an example of _______ research.

cross- sectional

The typical sequence of the five stages of dying postulated by Kubler-Ross is ________.

denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance

A block to problem solving that comes from thinking about objects only in terms of their most common or typical use is called ________.

functional fixedness

Fifteen-year-old Latisha feels that she has been a "boy trapped in a girl's body" for as long as she can remember. This situation has caused Latisha intense distress. She is learning about sexual reassignment surgery from her mother, who supports her daughter after taking her to a doctor who diagnosed her as having ________.

gender dysphoria

Which of the following dies NOT support the drive- reduction theory?

going jogging when bored

Brad is 18 and is looking into career options. He is currently deciding whether he wants to become a gourmet chef or a

identity versus role confusion

20. Eli enjoys woodcarving. Although none of his teenage friends are interested in it, he often spends hours creating several different pieces. His enjoyment of the task is all his own, and he rarely shows others his work. His motivation to engage in this activity is ________.

intrinsic

secondary drives are

learned

What is the system that receives information from the senses, organizes it, stores it, and retrieves it?

memory

In the ________ model, memory is seen as a simultaneous process with the creation and storage of memories taking place across a series of networks across the brain.

parallel distributed processing

Randy is recovering from an automobile accident in which he injured his head. The only noticeable psychological symptom of his injury is that he cannot remember what happened immediately prior to the accident. Randy's symptoms are typical of ________.

retrograde amnesia

Information enters into short- term memory through a process called

selective attention

Iconic memory and echoic memory are

sensory memory systems.

21. Kinsey argued that ________.

sexual orientation was on a continuum

You watched all 4 online lectures for Chapters 7-10 and did all your studying for the Unit 2 exam from the same study space at the Gelman library. According to the principle of encoding specificity, where should you take the exam to maximize your performance?

the same study space in Gelman Library

Homeostasis refers to

the tendency of the body to maintain a steady state

Compared to formal concepts learned in science and math, natural concepts tend ________.

to have more flexible boundaries

In the curve of forgetting developed by Ebbinghaus, the greatest amount of forgetting occurs ________.

within the first hour after learning new material