Psych Exam 3 (quiz questions + in class notes)

Heather considers taking a new job. She focuses on the increased opportunities for promotion and the higher salary rather than her increased responsibilities; therefore, she views the new position as a ________ rather than a ________.

Challenge; threat

________ are categories or groupings of linguistic information, images, ideas, or memories, such as life experiences.

Concepts

Kai cuts her foot while hiking. She forgot to pack bandages, but she has a tube of superglue and uses that to seal the wound. Kai's ability to invent a solution uses the ________ intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence.

Creative

Ebbinghaus found that about one day after you learn new material, you will only remember ____ percent of it if you have not reviewed it a second time.

30

An intelligence score that falls below ________ indicates significant cognitive delays, and may be indicative of an intellectual disability.

70

The saying is "Money can buy happiness", but research finds that in the United States those who earn more than ________ per year are not measurably happier than those who earn below that amount.

75,000$

What kind of professional would be most qualified to administer an intelligence test?

A professional trained in psychology

Which of the following is an example of the exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

After wondering for mounths if he was going to lose his job, Nicolao begins to develop stomach ulcers.

________ concepts are ones that we know by a specific set of characteristics.

Artificial

Amarah has an exam in a week, so she schedules 30 to 60 minutes each night to review her course material. She does this rather than waiting until the night before the exam so that she can avoid a "cram session." Amarah's approach to studying is called ________ practice.

distributed

What is the confirmation bias?

focusing on information that confirms your existing beliefs

Hypertension is a major risk factor for heart disease because it ________.

forces the heart to pump harder, which puts more physical strain on the heart

A flat tire in the morning, realizing that you forgot to get your homework done, and getting into an argument with a buddy are all examples of ________.

hassles

A public opinion poll was administered to 50 people before the election of President Barack Obama. Polls taken before election night showed 50% of the people polled believed Barack Obama would be elected president. After the election results, the same people were asked if they believed Barack Obama would be elected president, and this time 75% of the people said yes. This may be an example of ________ bias.

hindsight

Niaz's car breaks down, and he is convinced that it was a predictable event even though there was no way of knowing it would happen. This exemplifies ________.

hinsight bias

Which part of my brain is probably damaged if I am unable to recognize basic objects around my house?

hippocampus

What is the main idea of levels of processing theory?

if you want to remeber a piece of information, you should think aboiy it more deeply and link it to other information and memories to make it more meaningful

Jake is sympathetic and considerate of his friends' moods. He really identifies with their feelings and readily understands their point of view. He is well-known around campus, and he has great relationships with his classmates and professors. Which area of the multiple intelligences model does this exemplify?

interpersonal

Which option is the greatest risk factor for the development of burnout?

job strain

Which term refers to the vocabulary of a language, or the words contained within that language?

lexicon

Nima excels at working with numbers in subjects such as calculus and algebra. This exemplifies ________ intelligence from the multiple intelligences theory.

logical - mathematical

White blood cells that circulate in the bloodstream and are an important part of the bodyâ s immune system are called ________.

lymohocytes

What impact did genie's isolation have on her ability to acquire language? She never developed a(n)____.

mastery of the grammatical aspects of language

What is the set of processes used to encode, store, and retrieve information over different periods of time?

memory

Brizan has just lost his job. He is proactive in trying to resolve this source of stress; he immediately uses the internet to look up other jobs in his field and plans to eliminate non-essentials from his budget to make his savings last longer. Which type of coping approach is Brizan using?

problem-focused

In order to remember his lines for the play, Guy repeats his lines over and over again. This process is called ________.

rehearsal

Dozens of people witness a purse snatching. One of the eyewitnesses loudly yells at the man with the blue shirt did it.â Later, when questioned by police, several other eyewitnesses remember the purse snatcher wearing a blue shirt, even though the purse snatcher was a woman in flowered dress. This is an example of ________, or the effects of misinformation from external sources that leads to the creation of false memories.

suggestibility

What was the most stressful event found on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale with a LCU score of 100?

the death of a spouse

What do studies show about the relationship between stress and memory?

Moderate stress can ehance both immediate and delayed recall of educational material

Aram is proficient in playing a number of instruments and can easily learn new songs and rhythms. This exemplifies ________ intelligence from the multiple intelligences theory.

Musical

A(n) ________ is a basic sound unit of a given language.

Phoneme

Anna is a school counselor. She hates going to work and wants to lock the door and cry whenever a student comes to her for help. She just doesnâ t feel like she has anything left to give. What dimension of job burnout does this exemplify?

dimension 1- exhhaustion

________ is the kind of stress that exceeds the optimal level, is no longer a positive force, and becomes excessive and debilitating.

distress

________ is/are the kind of stress associated with positive feelings, as well as optimal health and performance.

Eustress

Which concept is a type of mental set where you cannot perceive an object being used for something other than what it was designed for?

Functional Fixedness

What was the overall result of Lashley's research that sought out the engram of human memory?

He found no evidence that an engram actualy exists

Which pair of psychiatrists were responsible for developing the Social Readjustment Rating Scale?

Holmes and Rahe

Which of the following is an example of a primary appraisal of a stressor?

Humphrey judges the man with the gun to be a moderate threat.

Anwar is hiking in the woods and he gets lost. He spends several days trying to find his way back to his basecamp, but he has the knowledge to gather wood, start a fire, and keep himself warm at night. He is also able to identify local berries and mushrooms growing that he can eat without being poisoned. Anwar is demonstrating ________ intelligence from the triarchic theory.

Practical

Who developed the triarchic theory of intelligence?

Robert Sternberg

Advice, guidance, encouragement, acceptance, emotional comfort, and tangible assistance are all different forms of ________.

Social support

The practice of administering, scoring, and interpreting an assessment tool in the same manner is called ________.

Standardization

Within the semantic network model of memory, what would happen to concepts that are related to (or attached) to one that is currently being activated by thinking about it?

They would also be activated, though at a lower level

Which option is NOT one of the Wechsler tests of intelligence?

Wechsler Adolescent Intelligence Mesasure (WAIM)

According to three separate surveys, administered in 1983, 2006, and 2009, which statement about the relationship between stress and sex is the most accurate?

Women report experiencing more stress than men.

Which of the following is an example of the alarm reaction stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

a burst of energy enables Hassan to run fast when he sees a skunk in his path.

What is an engram?

a group of neurons that serves as physical representation of a memory

Terrance finds it difficult to learn the alphabet, until he hears the alphabet song. Then he can easily remember it. This is an example of ________ encoding.

acoustic

In Hans Selye's rat study, rats that were exposed to stressors over a long period of time showed signs of ________.

adrenal enlargment, thymus and lymph node shrinkage, and stomach ulceration

If I am looking at a snake and processing the fear caused by the snake, what part of my brain am I using?

amygdala

Which dimension of the Type A behavior pattern is most predictive of heart disease?

anger/hostility

What does the equipotentiality hypothesis suggest would happen if the hippocampus was damaged?

another part of the brain would compensate for the damage by taking over the memory function normally managed by the hippocampus.

The famous case of H.M. demonstrated ________ amnesia, a condition in which a person can remember previously encoded memories but cannot encode new ones.

anterograde

Alma has a serious disease in which the airways of her respiratory system become obstructed, leading to great difficulty expelling air from the lungs. Which disease does Alma have?

asthma

Hans Selye's definition of stress is considered a response-based definition because it conceptualizes stress chiefly in terms of the ________.

body's physiological reaction to any demand that is placed on it

Which of the following is an example of eustress?

buying a new home

Which of the following individuals is demonstrating an optimistic outlook on life?

carl, who tends to see the good in situations and always looks on the bright side of things.

Lamont cares for his aging father, who suffers from dementia. This is an example of a(n) ________ stressor.

chronic

Elena finds it very difficult to remember a long string of numbers, so she tries to memorize three numbers at a time. Later, she is able to repeat the numbers correctly because she grouped the numbers into more manageable groups of three. This is an example of ________.

chunking

________ encompasses the processes associated with perception, knowledge, problem solving, judgment, language, and memory.

cognition

Carmela believes her assistant, Lian, is incompetent. She notices only what Lian does wrong while ignoring the above average quality of most of her work. This exemplifies ________ bias.

confirmation

Although her reading skills are just fine, Beatriz has difficulty with her writing. Her teachers have noticed that no matter how hard she tries and how much they work with her the handwriting on her papers is almost illegible. Further, although she has great thoughts and understands concepts at a high level, she is unable to put them into a cohesive written paper. Beatriz may suffer from

dysraphia

How is an explicit memory different from an implicit memory?

expilcit memories are memories we countiously try to remeber and recall, while implicit memories are those that are not part of our consciousness.

What type of memories do we consciously try to remember, recall, and report?

explicit memories

When Benito was five he cut his leg on some glass and needed stiches. Years later, his mother tells him the scar came from being bit by a dog. Now, when people ask about his scar he distinctly remembers the dog biting him. This is an example of the ________.

misinformation effect paradigm

A ________ is the smallest unit of language that conveys some type of meaning.

morpheme

Knowing what a rainbow looks like because you have seen a rainbow is an example of a(n) ________ concept.

natural concept

The act of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness is known as ________.

retrival

Ben is asked to memorize the words canine, feline, and avian. He remembers the words by associating them with their synonyms: dog, cat, and bird. This is an example of ________ encoding.

semantic

What kind of memory involves storage of brief events, such as sights, sounds, and tastes?

sensory