Psych exam 3

No unconscious processes are

Activities of the brain that are forever outside of our awareness. These activities are psychological in nature. We have no access to this communication.

What drug is the drug of choice for humans throughout the world

Alcohol

What drug is the most dangerous drug used by humans?

Alcohol

Stage two of psychosexual development

Anal stage ages 1 to 3. Anus is the erogenous zone.

Humanistic theory (Maslow, 1954)

Believe that humans can be motivated not just as satisfied survival needs, but also to satisfy growth needs. Humans can willingly tolerate pain and post pone gratification in order to achieve some higher level goal that we perceive will provide us with personal fulfillment.

Stage one of sleep

Brain activity is smaller and more irregular. Light noises can easily wake us. Can faintly recall visual images or fantasies

Stage two of sleep

Brain waves increase in size somewhat; slightly deeper sleep faint noises probably wouldn't wake us

Psychoactive drugs are

Chemicals that can affect how we think feel and behave.

Psychedelic drugs

Conscious altering drugs. These can produce dramatic changes in perception. Examples include mescaline and LSD. Marijuana is considered to be a mild psychedelic drug.

Depressants

Depress or slow down the central nervous system. Examples include sedatives and tranquilizers and of course alcohol.

Disavowal

Devaluing what you really want

Primary drives

Drives that are unlearn such as the drive to eat drink sleep have sex and so on.

Secondary Drives

Drives we have learned or acquired over time such as wanting to graduate from college or wanting to buy a Mercedes-Benz etc.

Opiates

Drugs developed from opium poppy. Opiates are used to really both physical and psychological pain because of the good feeling they tend to produce. Opiates are very addictive, and include morphine and heroin.

Super ego

Freud; "moral watchdog"; governs behavior by reality and morality, often taught by parents, church and/or community; standards develop through interaction; conscience; ego ideal

Stage five of psychosexual development

Genital stage adolescence to adulthood

Binge drinking

Having four or five drinks in a row for males or four or more drinks in a row for females. Has been linked to aggressive, poor grades and high risk sexual activity. 44% of college students binge at least twice a month and about 20% report binge drinking six or more times per month.

Stage three

Heart rate and breathing noticeably slow down and our body temperature drops a few degrees. Our muscles are faintly relaxed, and it would be moderately difficult to wake us up.

Why do people like alcohol?

It stimulates reduces tension or eliminates worry enhances pleasure increases sexual arousal, and performance

Stage four of psychosexual development

Latency stage ages five to puberty

Peak moment

Moments, when we feel like we have really done something well.

Incentive theory

Motivated to pursue goals, goals that have value or meaning to us.

Drive reduction theory

Motivates us to engage in behavior is our wish to reduce the arousal cause from drives. When we are in a state of deprivision, this that state produces a sense of tension or arousal in us, and we act to eliminate or reduce detentions by satisfying the drive for example, when we are hungry, we feel the tension in our stomachs called hunger pains. We are motivated to eat to illuminate the tension.

What Freud gave us

Notion of unconscious mind, notion of defense, mechanisms, notion of childhood sexuality, notion that our adult functioning is influenced by childhood experience

Stage one of psychosexual development

Oral stage from birth to age is one or two. Mouth is the erogenous zone.

Psychological needs Henry Murray

Personality psychologist at Harvard University in 1950. Develop the theory stating that most of our actions and behaviors are driven to satisfy psychological needs. Believed there were at least 21 psychological needs that motivate us to engage in behavior. Some examples were to dominate others, be dominated to achieve be understood care, for others be cared for, and so on he invented the thematic apperception test.

Stage three of psychosexual development

Phallic stage meaning penis. ages 3 to 5

Three. Brought approaches to personality.

Psychodynamic, behavioral, humanistic

Maslow's hierarchy of needs

Psychological needs, safety needs,love and belonging needs, esteem needs, self actualization needs.

Personality

Reasonably stable pattern of behavior, thoughts and feelings that characterize us. Personality is a construct.

Cognitive motives, 1950

Research your named Festenger asserted that we are motivated to reduce cognitive dissonance. When we realize we have two contradictory thoughts or believes, we are motivated to reduce the dissonance the easiest way possible.

What is consciousness

Sensory awareness of the environment. Direct inner awareness. Having a sense of self. Just being awake.

Who made the distinction between unconscious and subconscious and non-conscious processes?

Sigmund Freud

Stage four

Sleep is deep enough that to be awakened we probably would have to be vigorously shaken or exposed to a very loud noise. If you are a sleepwalker, you are more likely to sleepwalk during stage four. Going from stage 1 to 4 takes 30 to 45 minutes. At this point we go through the stages in reverse chronological order. However, instead of going from stage two to stage one we go from stage two to Rem stage.

Stimulants

Speed of the central nervous system, which is why some of them are called uppers. Some examples are cocaine, nicotine and caffeine.

Instinct theory

The motive for all of our behavior is biologically programmed inside of us. We act on instincts to not only satisfy basic, needs such as pursuing food and water, but even our needs to find love by a car and so on.

ID

The pleasure principle. When born you are purely ID.

Unconscious processes are

Thoughts and feelings outside of our awareness. Freud believed that a person might be able to access some of these unconscious, thoughts and feelings, but otherwise most of them lay dormant in the unconscious, like a dormant volcano until a certain person or event arousing into action.

Subconscious processes are

Thoughts and feelings that we may not be thinking about at any given moment, but we can willingfully and easily access them.

Cognitive dissonance

Uneasy, feeling we have whenever we realize that we hold two or more inconsistent or a dictionary thoughts

What freud didn't give us

We don't know if Roy's ideas are valid, because they are hard to prove, we don't know if the ideas can be the same for other cultures, he didn't include biological influences, his view on woman was wrong.

Sublimation

We steer our sexual and aggressive impulses into socially acceptable behaviors. Gym rats and workaholics.

Defense mechanisms

in psychoanalytic theory, the ego's protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality (occurs unconsciously)

Stimulus motives

innate needs for stimulation and information. In 1954 bexton experiment put volunteers in isolation chambers most people did not make it through the 24 hour experiment.

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

projective test that uses 20 pictures of people in ambiguous situations as the visual stimuli. It was to determine if reoccurring themes are present in the individual stories, and if so, those things may provide some insight into what the individual psychological needs are.

Projection

psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which people disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others. We have feelings and put them on someone else and say it's their feelings. (accuse others of having those feelings.)

Denial

psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which people refuse to believe or even to perceive painful realities. It's to dangerous to admit.

Reaction formation

psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which the ego unconsciously switches unacceptable impulses into their opposites. Thus, people may express feelings that are the opposite of their anxiety-arousing unconscious feelings. Being homophobic.

Rationalization

psychoanalytic defense mechanism that offers self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening, unconscious reasons for one's actions. Distorting logic to justify to ourselves. Why we did what we did.

Displacement

psychoanalytic defense mechanism that shifts sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person, as when redirecting anger toward a safer outlet. Taking it out on someone else

Ego

reality principle.

REM deprivation

results in greater attempts to reach REM and causes REM Rebound once the deprived person can sleep freely

REM stage

stands for rapid eye movement. Also known as paridoxal sleep due to brain waves resembling that of stage 1. majority of dreams happen in REM sleep, 25% of night's sleep is spent in REM, sexual arousal occurs and body muscle become paralyzed. When entering REM stage for the first time you stay there for five minutes. After that, we return to stage two then to stage three and so on the second time we re-enter REM, we stay in REM for longer periods of time more than five minutes. As it keeps going throughout the night, the time span and REM continuously increases.