Psych exam 3 - Sean

A

Humans have a tendency to search for information that confirms preconceptions. This often leads us astray and is known as: A. confirmation bias. B. representation bias. C. the availability heuristic. D. functional fixedness.

Preconscious

Information that not conscious, but is retrievable into conscious awareness.

C

Intelligence and Experience helped launch __________________ in 1965. A. Project Slow Start B. Project Great Start C. Project Head Start D. Project Right Start

Analytical intelligence

Intelligence that is assessed by intelligence tests

Practical intelligence

Intelligence that is required for every tests

Creative intelligence

Intelligence that makes us adapt to novel situations, generating novel ideas.

Insight

Involves a sudden novel realization of a solution to a problem. Humans and animals have this strategy.

Rorschach

Jackie is being provided with a test where she has to describe what she sees in a series of inkblots. Jackie is probably taking the _____ inkblot test.

Rationalization

James Riley has suffered heavy financial losses recently while playing the stock market. Upon trading his big luxury car for an old small car Jim informed his associates that he bought the cheaper car to do his part in the battle against air pollution.

Axis II

John is a patient who reports significant anger, hostility, and overall disregard for people. He has been diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder. His personality disorder belongs on which DSM-IV-TR axis?

Representativeness heuristic

Judging the likelihood of things or objects in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, a particular prototype.

Intuition

Kara sees a stranger who looks like someone who harmed her in the past. She immediately crosses the street. Kara is using her _____ in avoiding the stranger.

B

Keira is being provided with a projective test in order to assess her personality. Which of these tests will she most likely be given? Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) Rorschach inkblot test Myers-Briggs Type Indicator the Factor Analysis test

C

Kyf is an alien, new to Earth. She is most fascinated by Earth's tremendous variety of animals. Whenever she encounters an animal, she looks it up in her Earth catalogue. Eventually she is able to differentiate among the various species. Her experiences help to shape her _____ of animals. analogy heuristic concept prototype

Antisocial personality disorder

Last week Tate went into the hospital for a painful medical procedure. Amazingly, he did not seem worried beforehand, and he showed no signs of autonomic nervous system arousal. In addition, Tate seems to lack a conscience for wrongdoing. It is very likely that Tate would be diagnosed as having:

A

Learning that national or "racial" groups differ in their average intelligence score provides: little basis for judging individuals. a basis to refuse to hire someone. the insight with which to judge individuals. a basis to support strong immigration laws.

Horney

Like Adler, ______ believed in the social aspects of childhood growth and development. She countered Freud's assumption that women have weak superegos and suffer from penis envy.

Adler

Like Freud, ______ believed in childhood tensions. However, these tensions were social in nature and not sexual. A child struggles with an inferiority complex during growth and strives for superiority and power.

Phobia

Lilly is extremely fearful of germs. She sleeps in a special chamber at night, wears gloves, and will only eat food that she can unwrap. Her symptoms are most characteristic of _____.

Schizophrenia

Literal translation "split mind"; a group of sever disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions

Antisocial

Low levels of anxiety are most characteristic of _____ personality disorder

Last for two weeks or more

Major depressive disorder is a mood disorder characterized by signs of depression (e.g., lethargy, feelings of worthlessness, and loss of interest in family, friends, and activities). To be diagnosed with major depressive disorder, these signs must:

C

Many researchers believe this does not involve passions and repressive censoring as Sigmund Freud believed. the preconscious the postconscious the unconscious the collective unconscious

Panic disorder

Marked by a minutes-long episode of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations.

Phobias

Marked by a persistent and irrational fear of an object or situation that disrupts behavior

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

Now used for many other screening purposes

Rationalization

Offering self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening unconscious reasons for one's actions.

Vicious cycle

Omar has been diagnosed with major depressive disorder. Omar interprets negative stressful events using a pessimistic explanatory style. His explanatory style creates a hopeless depressed state, which then hampers the way Omar thinks and acts, causing more negative stressful events. Omar's case illustrates depression's _____.

C

On Halloween, a group of normally law-abiding teenagers wearing masks and costumes committed acts of vandalism. This atypical behavior is probably caused by: social facilitation. groupthink. deindividuation. group polarization

Disorganized

On Sam's admission to the psychiatric unit, Dr. Yardley began her evaluation of him. When she asked why he is here, Sam responded that "the binary code knows the answer to the riddle that is in the middle on the griddle. Furthermore, I know that the horned head of Zeus rises in the early morning." Sam may have _____ schizophrenia.

B

One of the Big Five personality factors is: reciprocal determinism. agreeableness. self-actualization. psychoanalysis.

C

One's ability to reason speedily and abstractly is referred to as: practical intelligence. emotional intelligence. fluid intelligence. crystallized intelligence.

10, 20

Only about ____% of women, and ___% of men react to traumatic situations and develop PTSD.

ID

Operates on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification

Ego

Operates on the reality principle, satisfying the id's desires in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain

Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital

Order of the psychosexual stages

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

Originally developed to identify emotional disorders (still considered its most appropriate use)

Personal control

Our sense of controlling our environments rather than feeling helpless

Cultural ideas of beauty that increasingly encourage thinness

Over the past 50 years, the incidence of anorexia nervosa has steadily increased. This is probably attributable to:

4; 50

PTSD rates vary from ___ percent among those who have experienced a natural disaster, to up to ___ percent among those who have been kidnapped, held captive, tortured, or raped.

D

Pablo searches for a screwdriver that is nowhere to be found. However, he fails to recognize that a coin in his pocket would easily turn the screw. His oversight best illustrates: A. belief perseverance. B. the framing effect. C. the availability heuristic. D. functional fixedness.

Sublimation

Parents might be reassured to know that children who pulls wings off flies or jabs pins in the dog may eventually find their niche in the areas of dentistry or surgery.

Echolalia, echopraxia

Parrotlike repeating of someones speech in catatonic schizophrenia is _____ and the movements are ____.

Sublimation

Paul, an aggressive child, had problems in elementary school, as he would frequently fight with other children. Paul found when he entered high school that he could channel this hostility into sports such as football and soccer.

Self-serving

People are more likely to perceive themselves favorably. This is known as a(n) _____ bias.

Fake

People can _____ desirable responses on the MMPI test?

Self-esteem

People maintain their ____-________ even with a low status by valuing things they achieve and comparing themselves to people with similar positions.

D

People often commit the fundamental attribution error, especially when they explain: A. why someone's attitude is ever-changing. B. the behavior of close friends. C. animal pack behavior. D. the behavior of strangers who have been observed in only one type of situation.

Prototype

People often form concepts by developing a(n) _____, which is a mental image or best example of a category.

Phobias

People who feel irrationally and intensely afraid of a specific object or situation are suffering from:

Are tense and apprehensive all the time

People who suffer from generalized anxiety disorder:

Savant syndrome

People with ____ _____ excel in abilities unrelated to general intelligence.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Persistence of unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and urges to engage in senseless rituals (compulsions that cause distress

Generalized anxiety disorder

Persistent and uncontrollable tenseness and apprehension, autonomic arousal, inability to identify or avoid the cause of certain feelings: are all symptoms to _____ ______ ______.

Genes

Personality dimensions are influenced by _______.

Axis II

Personality disorders and "mental retardation" belong on which DSM-IV-TR axis?

II

Personality disorders and mental retardation belong on which Axis?

Axis II

Personality disorders are to ____ as clinical syndromes are to Axis I.

Stanford Prison Experiment

Philip Zimbardo's experiment, a social psychologist, did a study on which people who were set roles, started to believe their roles which changed ethics on human experiments. There are 12 prisoners and 12 guards. Supposed to last two weeks, only lasted 6 days.

Hemophobia

Phobia of blood

Claustrophobia

Phobia of closed spaces

Acrophobia

Phobia of heights

Agoraphobia

Phobia of open places

Oral

Pleasure centers on the mouth-sucking, biting, chewing

Anal

Pleasure focuses on bowel and bladder elimination; coping with demands for control

Phallic

Pleasure zone is the genitals' coping with incestuous sexual feelings

Humanistic psychology

Positive psychology, such as _____ _____, attempts to foster human fulfillment.

Schizophrenia

Positive symptoms of _______ are: the presence of inappropriate behaviors (hallucination, disorganized or delusional talking)

Understand emotion

Predict emotions, how they change and blend

Paranoid

Preoccupation with delusions or hallucinations

Trial and error, algorithms, heuristics, insight

Problem solving strategies include:

Mental retardation

Produces difficulty in adapting to the demands of life

Superego

Provides standards for judgement and for future aspirations

Anxiety disorders

Psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety, or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety

Social category

Race is a _________.

Anorexia nervosa

Raquel was initially excited to make the cheerleading squad. However, her parents noticed that she stopping eating dinner with them, wanted to help make most meals, and had a list of good and bad foods. She began portioning the amount of food she ate, weighing food, and would claim to have already eaten. Most concerning was the significant weight drop from a healthy 115 pounds to 90 pounds. This case most clearly demonstrates symptoms of:

Perceive emotion

Recognize emotions in faces, music and stories

Content validity

Refers to the extent a test measure a particular behavior or trait

Predictive validity

Refers to the function of a test in predicting a particular behavior or trait.

Denial

Refusing to believe or even perceive painful realities.

Dopamine

Regarding the treatment of schizophrenia, _____-blocking drugs have little effect on persistent negative symptoms such as withdrawal.

Validity

Reliability of a test does not ensure _____.

Frontal

Research finds reduced activity in which brain lobes during antisocial personality disorder?

Dopamine D4

Researchers found that schizophrenic patients express higher levels of _______ __ receptors in their brain.

Dopamine

Researchers have discovered that there are an excessive number of receptor sites for _____ in schizophrenia patient's brains.

Adoption

Researchers use twin and _____ studies to investigate genetic and environmental influences on intelligence test scores.

Unconditional positive regard

Respecting someone else's choices

Regression

Retreating to a more infantile psychosexual stage, where some psychic energy remains fixated.

Heuristic

Rule-of-thumb strategy that often allows us to make judgements and solve problems efficiently

Free association

Saying whatever comes to mind.

Displacement

Shifting sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person

Anxiety

Sigmund Freud proposed that, beginning in childhood, people repress intolerable impulses, ideas, and feelings, and that this submerged mental energy sometimes produces mystifying symptoms, most notably _____.

Anorexia nervosa

Significant dieting, significant weight loss of more than 15 percent of your normal body weight is common in individuals with:

B

Similar intelligence test scores for identical twins reared apart are taken as evidence for: the implications of separating twins after birth. the importance of genetic influences on intelligence test scores. the importance of environmental influences on intelligence test scores. the implications of monozygotic prenatal development.

Psychological disorder

A "harmful dysfunction" in which behavior is judged to be a:

Reaction formation

A boy will sometimes react against the strong sexual attraction that he feels toward girls by becoming a confirmed "woman hater"

Oedipus complex

A boys sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father

Mental retardation

A condition of limited mental ability

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

A disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities, formerly called multiple personality disorder.

Trait

A disposition to feel and act, as assessed by self-report inventories and peer reports

Electra complex

A girls sexual desires toward her father and feelings of jealous and hatred for the rival mother

Group polarization

A group of racially prejudiced high school students discussed racial issues. During the conversation, their attitudes became even more prejudiced. This best illustrates _____.

Insanity

A legal term rather than a psychological diagnosis, and raises moral and ethical questions about how society should treat people who have disorders and have committed crimes.

Fixation

A lingering focus of pleasure seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage, where conflicts were unresolved

Mental age

A measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance. Thus, a child who does as well as an average 8-year-old is said to have a ___________ of 8.

Major depressive disorder

A mood disorder in which a person, for no apparent reason, experiences two or more weeks of depressed moods, feelings of worthlessness, and diminished interest or pleasure in most activities.

Bipolar disorder

A mood disorder in which the person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania. (formerly called manic-depressive disorder)

Manic episode

A mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state

Antisocial personality disorder

A person with _____ is aggressive, ruthless, and shows no sign of the conscience that would inhibit wrongdoing.

Antisocial

A person with _____ personality disorder is aggressive and ruthless and shows no sign of the conscience that would inhibit wrongdoing.

Projective test

A personality test, such as Rorschach or TAT, that provides ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger projection of one's inner dynamics

B

A potential source of irrationality is ______________, our tendency to cling to our beliefs in the face of contradictory evidence. A. availability heuristic B. belief perseverance C. functional fixedness D. belief bias

Genes

Also influence our temperament and behavioral style.

Phobia

Although Mark realizes his behavior is unreasonable, he is so distraught by high bridges that he avoids them and takes an unnecessarily lengthy route to and from work each day. Mark appears to suffer from a(n):

Savant

Although he has been diagnosed with autism and is unable to speak coherently, 18-year-old Andrew can produce intricately detailed drawings of scenes he has viewed only once. Andrew illustrates a condition known as _____ syndrome.

Anorexia nervosa

Although she is underweight, Lindsey is extremely afraid of becoming obese. She often checks her body in the mirror for any signs of fat and refuses to eat most foods because she insists they are fatty or high in calories. Lindsey most clearly demonstrates symptoms of:

PTSD

An anxiety disorder characterized by haunting memories nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience

Generalized anxiety disorder

An anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in state of autonomic nervous system arousal.

Achievement

An aptitude test measures a person's capacity to learn, whereas a(n) _____ test measures what a person has already learned.

Anorexia nervosa

An eating disorder in which a person (usually an adolescent female) maintains a starvation diet despite being significantly (15%+) underweight.

Bulimia nervosa

An eating disorder in which a person alternates binge eating (usually of high-calorie foods) with purging (by vomiting or laxative use) or fasting.

Intuition

An effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought

Functional fixedness

An example of fixation is _________ _________.

Fixation

An inability to see a problem from a fresh perspective. This impedes problem solving.

Personality

An individuals characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling, and acting.

Biopsychosocial

An integrated understanding of psychological disorders in terms of stressful memories, evolutionary processes, and gender roles is most clearly provided by a(n) _____ approach.

A biopsychosocial approach

An integrated understanding of psychological disorders in terms of stressful memories, evolutionary processes, and gender roles is most clearly provided by:

Biased

An intelligence test that predicts future behavior or achievement for some groups but not for others would be assessed as being _____.

Norepinephrine

An overabundance of the neurotransmitter _____ is most likely to be associated with a manic episode.

A manic episode

An overabundance of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine is most likely to be associated with:

Conditioning

Andrea experiences extreme anxiety when she approaches any lake. Her therapist suggests that her fear is the result of a traumatic childhood boating accident. The therapist's suggestion reflects the _____ perspective.

Dissociative identity disorder

Angel has been arrested for grand theft auto. He claims that it wasn't him and that he knows nothing about the crime as his alter ego must have done it. The court-appointed psychiatrist knows immediately that Angel does not suffer from _____ as the host is never co-conscious with the alter egos.

Dissociative identity disorder

Angel has been arrested for grand theft auto. He claims that it wasn't him and that he knows nothing about the crime, and that his alter ego must have done it. The court-appointed psychiatrist knows immediately that Angel does NOT suffer from _____ as the host is never co-conscious with the alter egos.

Biopsychosocial perspective

Assumes that biological, sociocultural, and psychological factors combine and interact to produce psychological disorders. Helps us understand that were affected by our genes, brain functioning, inner thoughts, and feelings.

Medical

At one time, disordered people were simply warehoused in asylums. Asylums have been replaced with psychiatric hospitals, where attempts are made to diagnose and cure people suffering from psychological disorders. This best illustrates one of the beneficial consequences of the _____ model.

Medical model

At one time, disordered people were simply warehoused in asylums. Asylums have been replaced with psychiatric hospitals, where attempts are made to diagnose and cure people suffering from psychological disorders. This best illustrates one of the beneficial consequences of:

A

Because he mistakenly believes that older workers are not as motivated to work hard as younger workers, a factory foreman is especially vigilant for signs of laziness among his senior employees. His supervision strategy best illustrates: A. confirmation bias. B. the availability heuristic. C. functional fixedness. D. the representativeness heuristic.

Mental set

Being given 2-4-6, we think of 8-10-12. We do this through?

Twin studies

Big in psychology "nature" "nurture" phenomenon

External locus of control

Blames external factors

Insight

Brain imaging and EEG studies suggest that when an ____ strikes (the "Aha" experience, it activates the right temporal cortex.

C

Brain scans reveal that identical twins have very similar _____ and _____ matter volume. black; blue white; blue gray; white gray; black

Frontal lobes, thalamus, amygdala

Brain scans show abnormal activity in the _____ _____, ______, and _______ of the schizophrenic patients.

A

Briggite more quickly recognizes that a blue jay is a bird than that a penguin is a bird because a blue jay more closely resembles her _____ of a bird. prototype heuristic phoneme algorithm

Unconditional Positive Regard

Carl Rogers said that ____ ______ _____ is an attitude of acceptance of others despite their failings.

D

Carl Rogers said, "The only question which matters is, "Am I living in a way that is deeply satisfying to me?" Critics of Carl Rogers are likely to object to this statement because: it encourages too much individualism, which can lead to self-indulgence and selfishness. it encourages too much individualism, which can lead to an erosion of moral restraints. it fails to recognize that people who focus beyond themselves seem to be more likely to self-report life satisfaction. Critics of Carl Rogers are likely to voice all of these objections.

Automatically

Category hierarchies are done ______.

Etiology

Cause and development of the disorder

Superego

Children cope with threatening feelings by repressing them and by identifying with the rival parent. Through this process of identification, their ______ gains strength that incorporates their parent's values.

D

Children who have witnessed a parent's murder report memories that most clearly challenge Sigmund Freud's concept of: reaction formation. erogenous zones. displacement. repression.

Self-serving bias

Comes up with conclusions that satisfies our needs

Savant syndrome

Condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an amazing specific skill (computation; drawing)

Dissociative Disorders

Conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings.

ID

Contains a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy

Unconscious

Contemporary viewpoint- information processing of which we are unaware

Algorithm

Contrasts with the usually speedier - but also more error-prone use of heuristics

Milgram Study

Couldn't see but could hear the person next to them getting shocked. But about 2/3 of the people shocking the other person would shock them with the fatal shock because authority told them to. But there really was no electrodes connected.

Divergent thinking

Creativity tests require _____.

B

Critics of the Rorschach test claim it: is an old test. is not very reliable and that it has limited validity. is not a personality test. is not a projective test.

A

Cynthia thinks that her new neighbor is mean and snobbish. This ____________ will likely influence Cynthia to act negatively toward her neighbor. A. attitude B. foot-in-the-door phenomenon C. exposure effect D. situational attribution

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

DSM-V stands for?

Regression

David Walters recently lost his executive position in a large corporation. Rather than seek a new job, David finds comfort and escape through drinking, as alcohol helps him forget the details of being fired.

Ego

Decision maker

Framed

Decisions and judgments may be significantly affected and depending upon how an issue is ___.

Sublimation

Defense mechanism by which people rechannel their unacceptable impulses into socially approved activities

Women are nearly twice as likely to suffer from major depression as are men.

Depression is a serious, common psychological problem that affects many people. Although questions remain concerning the cause or causes of depression, we do know that:

Women, men

Depression rates are higher in _____ than in ____.

Autonomic nervous system

Differences in children's shyness and inhibition may be attributed to _____ _____ _____ reactivity.

Projection

Disguising one's own threatening impulses by attributing to them.

Antisocial personality disorder

Disorder in which the person (usually male) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members; may be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist.

A

Social-cognitive theorists believe people learn many behaviors either through _____ or by observing and _____ others. conditioning; imitating biofeedback; imitating conditioning; debriefing biofeedback; debriefing

Repression

Soldiers exposed to traumatic experiences in concentration camps during wartime sometimes had amnesia and were unable to recall any part of their ordeal.

Serotonin

Some studies suggest there may be an anxiety gene that affects brain levels of:

Internal locus of control

Someone who is self motivated

Unjustifiable

Sometimes there is just a good reason

Factor analysis

Spearman proposed that general intelligence is linked to many clusters that can be analyzed by _______ ________.

D

Stereotype threat is most likely to depress female students' performance on a difficult ____________ test and to depress male students' performance on a difficult ____________ test. A. spelling; spatial reasoning B. spelling; athletic C. verbal fluency; math problem solving D. math problem solving; verbal fluency

3

Sternberg thought there was ___ different intelligences.

C

Steve struggles with feelings of inferiority that in turn drive him to seek superiority and power. Which of the following theorists was most concerned with cases like Steve's condition? Carl Jung Karen Horney Alfred Adler Abraham Maslow

Disorganized

Disorganized speech or behavior, or flat or inappropriate emotion

ID

Strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives

B

Divergent thinking is to multiple correct answers as _____ is to a single correct answer. crystallized intelligence convergent thinking fluid intelligence critical thinking

Latency

Dormant sexual feelings

Biopsychosocial model

Dr. Cobbs believes that psychological disorders are influenced by genetic predispositions and physiological states. He is also aware that inner psychological dynamics, social dynamics, and culture influence psychological disorders. Dr. Cobbs believes in a:

Biopsychosocial

Dr. DeVries believes that psychological disorders are influenced by genetic predispositions and physiological states. She is also aware that inner psychological dynamics, social dynamics, and culture influence psychological disorders. Dr. DeVries believes in a(n) _____ model.

Standardized

Dr. Ghauderta has designed a new intelligence test for adolescents. He evaluated the test among various groups, including Caucasian, African-American, Asian-American, and Hispanic populations, in order to appropriately norm his scale. When the test is released and administered to other adolescents in the general population, he will have _____ scores with which to compare his test subjects.

D

Dr. Perez is conducting research about how people form impressions of other people and how they interpret each other's behavior in a variety of situations. Dr. Perez is probably a(n) _____ psychologist. clinical cognitive developmental social

Factor analysis

Dr. Smith is attempting to develop a new personality test. As part of the process she needs to identify clusters of related items. For this she will probably need to apply _____.

Axis V

Dr. Sorenson meets with a client who displays both psychological problems and problems functioning in her daily life. Which of the five axes of the DSM-IV-TR would Dr. Sorenson use to classify this client's personal function?

V

Dr. Thibodeaux meets with a client who displays both psychological problems and problems functioning in her daily life. Of the five axes of the DSM-IV-TR, Dr. Thibodeaux would use Axis _____ to assess this client's personal functioning.

C

Students will tend to study the same way for every class they are taking, especially when they have been successful. This is an example of a(n): A. confirmation bias. B. belief bias. C. mental set. D. fixedness.

Males, violence

Successful suicides are higher in ____, because of _____.

D

When Hannah's professor failed to recognize that Hannah had her hand raised to answer a question, Hannah began to think that her professor was unfriendly. Hannah later learned that the professor's limited vision kept him from seeing her raised hand, but she continued to think he was unfriendly. Hannah's reaction BEST illustrates: framing. confirmation bias. a category hierarchy. belief perseverance.

Reciprocal determinism

The interacting influences between personality and environmental factors

Learned helplessness

The key to depression

Ego

The largely conscious, "executive" part of personality

Group polarization

The loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity

Displacement

The majority group of a culture may blame all the various ills of society on a small minority group. This is a process termed "scapegoating" and is a factor in racial and religious prejudice.

Groupthink

The mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision make group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives

Suicide

The most severe form of behavioral response to depression is ______.

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

The most widely researched and clinically used of all personality tests

B

The most widely researched and clinically used of all personality tests is: A. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) B. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) C. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator D. Rorschach inkblot test

Rorschach inkblot test

The most widely use projective test; a set of 10 inkblots; seeks to identify people's inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of the blots.

Reaction formation

The mother of an unwanted child may feel guilty about not welcoming her child. As a result, she may try to prove her love by becoming overindulgent and overprotective of the child.

Fundamental attribution

The notion that Milgram's classic results reflect his weak-willed participants exemplifies a dispositional attribution. It therefore illustrates the _____ error.

A

The original intelligence test developed by Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon set out to measure performance in terms of _____, which refers to the chronological age that typically corresponds to a given level of performance. mental age WISC intelligence quotient (IQ) WAIS

Superego

The part of personality that presents internalized ideals

6.8

The percentage of Americans who reported suffering from social phobia in 2008 was:

External locus of control

The perception that chance or outside forces beyond one's personal control determine one's fate

Internal locus of control

The perception that one controls one's own fate

PTSD

The person has experienced, witnessed, or been confronted with an event or events that involve actual or threatened death or serious injury, or a threat to the physical integrity of oneself or others.

PTSD

The persons response involved intense fear, helplessness, or horror. Note: in children, it may be expressed instead of disorganized or agitated behavior

Identification

The process by which, according to Freud, children incorporate their parents' values into their developing superegos

Psychoanalysis

The process of free association (chain of thoughts) leads to painful, embarrassing, unconscious memories. Once these memories are retrieved and released the patient feels better.

C

The proper order of Freud's psychosexual stages is: A. anal, oral, phallic, latency, and genital. B. oral, anal, latency, phallic, and genital. C. oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital. D. oral, anal, phallic, genital, and latency.

Deinviduation

The reduction in personal identity and erosion of the sense of personal responsibility when one is part of a group is known as _____.

Viral infections

The relationship between the season in which people are born and their subsequent risk of schizophrenia best highlights the role of _____ in this disorder.

Validity

The scientific meaning of bias hinges on a test's _____.

Generalized anxiety disorder

When a person is constantly tense, worried, and uneasy for no apparent reason.

Psychoanalytic

The suggestion that dissociative identity disorder symptoms are created as defenses against the anxiety caused by one's own unacceptable impulses best illustrates the _____ perspective.

Social loafing

The tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable

Foot-in-the-door phenomenon

The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request

Belief perseverance

The tendency to cling to out beliefs in the face of contrary evidence.

Fundamental attribution error

The tendency to overestimate the impact of personal disposition and underestimate the impact of the situations in analyzing the behaviors of others

Emotional intelligence

The test of ______ ______ measures overall emotional intelligence and its overall four components.

Cognitive dissonance

The theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent

Six

There are how many defense mechanisms?

B

There is a small group of people who still think that the Earth is flat despite the fact that they are often otherwise normal members of modern society. They are exhibiting: intuition. belief perseverance. confirmation bias. the availability heuristic.

Selective attention

Thirty-year-old Nellie has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. Her thoughts are disorganized, she is unable to ignore irrelevant stimuli, and she often gives her undivided attention to minute stimuli such as a spotlight shining in a window. Nellie is displaying a breakdown in:

Carl Jung

This Swiss neo-Freudian, _____, worked closely with Sigmund Freud, but he placed less emphasis on social factors and agreed with Freud that the unconscious exerts a powerful influence.

Panic disorder

This can also cause agoraphobia (fear of open places) because people are afraid to go outside in case they have a panic attack

A

This question and the others you are answering on this test are examples of: A. achievement tests. B. performance tests. C. IQ tests. D. aptitude tests.

A

Though she is performing at a first-grade level in most of her classes, Sarah is doing very well in college-level algebra. This may be an example of: savant syndrome. creativity. emotional intelligence. factor analysis.

B

To solve a problem, we often make use of a simple thinking strategy. This strategy will allow us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently by following a(n): A. confirmation bias. B. heuristic. C. prototype. D. algorithm.

DSM-IV-TR

Tonya is interested in studying psychological disorders. If she wants to study the classification system most often used in the U.S., she should read the:

Treatment

Treating a disorder in a psychiatric hospital

Determinism

Troy's optimism is both a contributor to and a product of his successful career accomplishments. This best illustrates reciprocal _____.

D

Twenty-five years ago, Dr. Horner completed her dissertation under the direction of a renowned behaviorist. Since then, she has been teaching courses in learning and conditioning. This semester, she has been asked to teach a course in personality theory. Based on the information given, you might suspect that Dr. Horner would be MOST sympathetic to the ____ perspective on personality. humanistic psychodynamic trait social-cognitive

C

Twenty-five-year-old Teresa is a black woman scheduled to take a math aptitude test. To ensure her best performance and reduce the chance of stereotype threat, which of the following situations would you recommend for her? A. She should have a white woman administer the test. B. Teresa will not be influenced by the race of the people administering or taking the test. C. She should have a black woman administer the test. D. She should take the test in a room with both men and women present.

Social phobia

Twenty-year-old Trevor lives in a small town. He has always been extremely shy, but lately he has been feeling intensely afraid that others are scrutinizing him. He avoids speaking in class, he no longer goes to parties, and he starts trembling whenever he is in a public place. Trevor seems to be suffering from a(n) _____.

Representative, availability

Two kinds of heuristics, ____ heuristics and _____ heuristics, have been identified by cognitive psychologists.

Ambiguous action

Unclear if it was an accident or intentional. The reaction depends on the mood you were already in.

Frontal

Understanding Antisocial Personality Disorder: PET scans of 41 murderers revealed reduced activity in the _____ lobes. In a follow up study, repeat offenders had 11% less activity in that lobe.

Personality inventory

Used to assess selected personality traits

Heuristic

Usually speedier and more error-prone than algorithms

Use emotion

Utilize emotions to adapt or be creative

Disturbing

Varies with time and culture

Humanistic theory

View personality with a focus on the potential for healthy personal growth

Superego

Voices in your head

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale

WAIS stands for?

Wecshler Intelligence Scale for Children

WISC stands for?

Negative

Ward's mother is frustrated because she cannot get Ward involved in any activities. Most days he sits in a chair with no expression on his face. These_____ symptoms reflect an absence of appropriate behavior.

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

Was developed by empirically testing a pool of items and then selecting those that discriminated between diagnostic groups.

Definitions

We form some concepts into _______. For example, a triangle has three sides. Mostly, we form concepts with mental images or typical examples (prototypes). For example, a robin is a prototype, but a penguin is not.

D

We more quickly recognize that a blue jay is a bird than that a penguin is a bird because a blue jay more closely resembles our ___________ of a bird. A. algorithm B. phoneme C. heuristic D. prototype

Category hierarchies

We organize concepts into _______ _________.

Dissociative identity disorder (DID)

What are severe forms of dissociation?

Daydreaming, spacing out, hypnosis

What are some mild forms of dissociation?

Depersonalization, derealization

What are some more serious forms of dissociation?

50-70

What are the approximate intelligence scores for the people who have mild mental retardation?

35-50

What are the approximate intelligence scores for the people who have moderate mental retardation?

Below 20

What are the approximate intelligence scores for the people who have profound mental retardation?

20-35

What are the approximate intelligence scores for the people who have severe mental retardation?

Conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, extraversion

What are the big five personality factors?

Perceive, understand, manage, use

What are the four components of emotions?

85%

What are the percentage for the people who have mild mental retardation?

10%

What are the percentage for the people who have moderate mental retardation?

1-2%

What are the percentage for the people who have profound mental retardation?

3-4%

What are the percentage for the people who have severe mental retardation?

Reexperiencing, avoidance of stimuli, and increased arousal

What are the three clusters of PTSD?

Split-half, test-retest

What are the two procedures needed to establish reliability?

Definitions, mental images

What are two ways we develop concepts?

567 true and false questions

What does the MMPI consist of?

85

What is the average IQ for black people?

100

What is the average IQ for white people?

0-30, 70-80

What is the clinically significant ranges for the MMPI test?

Stressful experiences, negative explanatory style, depressed mood, cognitive and behavioral changes

What is the depression cycle?

GAD: Is chronic, lasts for a while, very tense. Panic disorder: Lasts for a couple of minutes, acute, having a panic attack, anxiety is very high

What is the difference in anxiety level and duration for GAD and panic disorder?

40-60

What is the normal range of the MMPI test?

Uncontrolled bad events, perceived lack of control, generalized helpless behavior

What is the order of learned helplessness?

68%

What is the percentage of WAIS scores that fall between 85 and 115?

WAIS

What measures the overall intelligence and 11 other aspects related to intelligence that are designed to assess clinical and educational problems.

Depression, schizophrenia

What two disorders are found worldwide?

Existential intelligence

What was the ninth intelligence?

Analytical, creative, practical

What were the three intelligences that Sternberg thought existed?

Availability heuristic

Whatever increases the ease of retrieving information increases its perceived availability.

Monozygotic

When one egg splits and you get identical twins

Antisocial

When people talk colloquially about "psychopaths" or "sociopaths," they are usually referring to individuals with _____ personality disorder.

Medical models

When physicians discovered that syphilis led to mental disorders, they started using ____ _____ to review the physical causes of these disorders.

D

Dr. Williams is designing a new intelligence test and is thinking about all of the mental groupings or ______________ that a person could answer for table, such as: surgical table, dining table, work table, etc. A. algorithms B. phonemes C. heuristics D. concepts

Intelligence

Early neglect from caregivers leads to children to develop a lack of personal control over the environment, and it impoverishes their ______.

Chronic/process

When schizophrenia is slow to develop, recovery is doubtful.

Acute/reactive

When schizophrenia rapidly develops, recover is better.

Dizygotic

When two eggs get fertilized and you get fraternal twins

Tat

When you look at a picture and have to tell a story from beginning to end, what kind of test is that?

D

Which of the following groups are more likely to suffer from relatively low self-esteem? A. ethnic minorities B. disabled persons C. women D. None of these groups are more likely to suffer from low self-esteem.

Psychoanalytic

Which perspective is most significant in psychology?

Rationalization

Example: A habitual drinker says she drinks with her friends "just to be sociable"

Regression

Example: A little boy reverts to the oral comfort of thumb sucking in the car on the way to his first day of school.

Displacement

Example: A little girl kicks the family dog after her mother sends her to her room.

Denial

Example: A partner denies evidence of his one's affair

Projection

Example: An El Salvadoran saying captures the idea: "The thief thinks everyone else is a thief"

Reaction formation

Example: Repressing angry feelings, a person displays exaggerated friendliness.

Sublimation

Example: Someone who is anger deciding to join a football team to take out the anger

Depressed

Explanatory style plays a major role in becoming ______.

Manage emotion

Express emotions in different situations

Unconscious

Which psychoanalytic perspective is done through automatic processing?

C

External locus of control is to _____________ as internal locus control is to _____________. A. reciprocal determinism; learned helplessness B. sense of optimism; sense of pessimism C. outside forces; personal control D. self-serving bias; spotlight effect

Outlier

Extreme score that happens less than 1% of the time

Delusions

False beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders

Hallucinations

False sensory experiences such as seeing something without any external visual stimulus

Collectivism

Focuses on how people work together

Individualism

Focuses on yourself

Standardization, reliability, validity

For a psychological test to be acceptable it must fulfill what three criteria's?

Prognosis

Forecast about the disorder

Decisions

Framing influences _______.

Philippe Pinel

From france, insisted that madness was not due to demonic possession, but an ailment of mind.

8

Gardner thought there was _____ different intelligences.

A

Gemma is trying to find a computer file. She types the name of the file into the computer search bar. The computer is most likely to use a(n) _____ to find the file. algorithm heuristic prototype concept

Down syndrome

Genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of an extra 21st chromosome; is a spectrum disorder; retardation and associated physical disorders

Algorithm

Going through ALL of the aisles till you find what you need at the grocery store is an example of?

B

Groupthink is fueled by a desire for: self-disclosure. group harmony. passionate love. cognitive dissonance

A

Gussie and Max have been happily married for 54 years. This morning, however, Gussie made an unkind remark about Max's table manners. Given research findings on marital satisfaction and attribution, what did Max think of this comment? "She must be having a bad day." "She has a negative personality disorder." "She is always on my case; she is such an unforgiving person." "She is a perfectionist with no patience."

Ashe experiment

Had group of students said ok here is the standard line, go down the line and see which one matches

Maladaptive

Harmful

Cognitive dissonance

Having a belief system but hearing something that contradicts it but it is convincing that it almost makes you change your mind. But you have to decide.

A

His experiments on obedience at Yale University are some of the most famous psychological experiments of all time. Stanley Milgram Solomon Asch Leon Festinger Philip Zimbardo

18-36 months

How old are you in Freud's psychosexual stages when you discover anal?

Puberty on

How old are you in Freud's psychosexual stages when you discover genital?

6 to puberty

How old are you in Freud's psychosexual stages when you discover latency?

0-18 months

How old are you in Freud's psychosexual stages when you discover oral?

3-6 years

How old are you in Freud's psychosexual stages when you discover phallic?

Aptitude tests

However, __________ ______ are not biased in the sense that they accurately predict performance of one group over the other.

Humanistic

Human potential and meaning of life

Archetypes

Human universals -Good -Bad

William Stern

The intelligence quotient (IQ) was introduced by _______ ______.

A

"Smile, and the world smiles with you." This statement suggests that people imitate others' expressions, a phenomenon Chartrand and Bargh (1999) called: the chameleon effect. social influence. social facilitation. group polarization.

D

A principal is looking for advice on how to improve his relationships with the teachers in his school. Which piece of advice might Carl Rogers suggest? Ask them if they have met all of their self-esteem and self-actualization needs. Look at the way their behavior is influenced by environmental factors. Compliment them often even if the compliments are insincere. Be genuine with them and show them unconditional positive regard.

Thematic apperception test (TAT)

A projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

A psychological disorder marked by the appearance by age 7 of one or more of three key symptoms: extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.

Personality inventory

A questionnaire (often with true-false or agree-disagree items) on which people respond to items designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors

Repression

A student forgot that his dreaded final exam in geometry was scheduled for Friday. This seemed so unusual as the date of the exam had been marked on his calender for several weeks.

A dissociative disorder

A sudden loss of memory is one symptom of

Confirmation bias

A tendency to search for information that confirms a personal bias.

Achievement test

A test designed to asses what a person has learned.

Aptitude test

A test designed to predict a person's future performance

DSM-V

A widely used system for classifying psychological disorders; but does NOT explain how the person developed the disorder

C

A(n) _____ measures a person's capacity to learn, whereas a(n) _____ measures what a person has already learned. IQ test; aptitude test achievement test; aptitude test aptitude test; achievement test achievement test; IQ test

B

A(n) ____________ is a mental image or best example of all the features we associate with a category. A. algorithm B. prototype C. concept D. heuristic

Insight

AHA moment

One half

About _______ of all children whose lack of conscience becomes plain before age 15, lie, steal, cheat, and fight to become antisocial adults.

C

According to Abraham Maslow, people are motivated by: A. instincts. B. optimal arousal. C. a hierarchy of needs. D. drive reduction.

C

According to Freud, this part of the personality is largely conscious and is the mediator that operates on the reality principle. A. the id B. the superego C. the ego D. the phallic

Unconscious

According to Freud- a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings and memories.

A

According to Rogers, three conditions are necessary to promote personality growth. These are: A. genuineness, acceptance, and empathy. B. high self-esteem, honesty, and empathy. C. honesty, sincerity, and empathy. D. high self-esteem, genuineness, and acceptance.

Practical

According to Sternberg, _____ intelligence is often required for everyday tasks, which are frequently ill-defined, with multiple solutions.

Frontal

According to a study by Adrian Raine, PET scans illustrate reduced activation in the _____ lobes of a murderer's cortex.

OCD

According to data from the National Institute of Mental Health, _____ is the LEAST common anxiety disorder in the U.S.

Phobia

According to data from the National Institute of Mental Health, _____ is the MOST common anxiety disorder in the U.S.

True

According to the concept of belief perseverance, when faced with evidence supporting a person's point of view on a controversial issue, that person would tend to assume the evidence is _____.

Reaction formation

According to your text, evidence confirms defense mechanisms that defend self-esteem. One such mechanism is _____.

Mild

Adaptation to the demands of life: May learn academic skills up to sixth grade level. Adults may, with assistance, achieve self-supporting social and vocational skills.

Severe

Adaptation to the demands of life: May learn to talk and to perform simple work tasks under close supervision but are generally unable to profit from vocational training.

Moderate

Adaptation to the demands of life: May progress to second grade level academically. Adults may contribute to their own support by laboring in sheltered workshops.

Profound

Adaptation to the demands of life: Require constant aid and supervision.

C

Adler is to inferiority as Jung is to ______. anxiety penis envy collective unconscious hierarchy of needs

11% less

Adrian Raine studied the brains of violent repeat offenders and found that their brains had _____ frontal lobe tissue than a normal brain. This may help explain why these people exhibit deficits in cognitive functions such as planning, organization, and inhibition.

Dreams

Another method to analyze the unconscious mind is through interpreting manifest and latent contents of _______.

Reciprocal determinism

Anxious people tend to be on the lookout for potentially threatening events; that is, they perceive the world as threatening. Their personalities shape how they interpret and react to events. This is known as _____.

Convergent thinking

Aptitude tests, such as SAT require _____.

10

Arnie and Brett are schizophrenics. They are strangers, but they do have one thing in common besides schizophrenia: they each have a twin. Arnie and Arlene are fraternal twins. Brett and Bart are identical twins, but they did not share a placenta. Arlene has a 10 percent chance of being schizophrenic. Bart has a _____ percent of chance of being schizophrenic.

B

Arnold had difficulty recognizing that bullfighting was a sport, because it failed to resemble his ___________ of a sport. A. heuristic B. prototype C. phoneme D. algorithm

Lie

As a psychologist, you ask one of your clients to complete the MMPI. After you score the MMPI, you notice that the client endorsed answers which make her seem healthier than she seems to be. These answers may be detected on the _____ scale.

A

As adopted children get older, their intelligence test scores tend to become: MORE like their adoptive siblings as compared to their biological parents. MORE like their biological parents as compared to their adoptive parents. MORE like their adoptive parents as compared to their biological parents. LESS like their adoptive siblings as compared to their biological parents.

Environmental

As people age, genetic factors seem to have an increasing influence on intelligence scores, whereas the influence of _____ factors seems to diminish.

D

Identical twins Sklyer and Sloane live with their biological parents. Sklyer took an intelligence test when he was 9 years old and got a score of 100. Sloane took the same test. What would you predict Sloane's score to be? A. It is impossible to compare the scores of identical twins reared together. B. as dissimilar as the scores of siblings reared together C. as dissimilar as the scores of siblings reared apart D. very close to 100

A

Identical twins Skyler and Sloane live with their biological parents. Skyler took an intelligence test when she was 9-years-old and scored 121. Sloane took the same test. What is Sloane's score likely to be? very close to 121 much higher than 121 much lower than 121 It is impossible to compare the scores of identical twins reared together.

B

Identical twins' brains are virtually the same in areas associated with _________________ intelligence. A. creative and motor B. verbal and spatial C. verbal and creative D. verbal and practical

Diagnosis

Identifying (symptoms) and distinguishing one disease from another.

B

If an exam assesses a student's mastery of a representative sample of course material, it is said to: have predictive validity. have content validity. be standardized. be reliable.

C

If course exams assess a student's mastery of a representative sample of course material, they are said to: A. be standardized. B. have predictive validity. C. have content validity. D. be reliable.

A

If someone estimates the likelihood of events based on the ease with which they retrieve them from memory, they presume such events are common. This is called: the availability heuristic. overconfidence. the belief perseverance. confirmation bias.

Phobia

If you avoid situations in which help may not be available when panic strikes, you may be suffering from a:

Social phobia

If you have an intense fear of speaking in public, eating out, or going to parties, you may be suffering from:

Brain

Imaging procedures show that extraverts seek stimulation because their normal brain arousal is relatively low.

Catatonic

Immobility (or excessive, purposeless movement), extreme negativism, and/or parrotlike repeating of another's speech or movements.

Functional fixedness

Impediment to problem solving

Antisocial personality disorder

In ______________, the affected person is aggressive and ruthless, and shows no sign of the conscience that would inhibit wrongdoing.

5.8, 9.5

In a year, _____% of men and ____% of women report depression worldwide.

Bulimia nervosa

In an attempt to lose some of the weight gained by binge eating, Claire uses laxatives and exercises until she is exhausted. Claire most clearly demonstrates symptoms of _____.

Bulimia nervosa

In an attempt to lose some of the weight gained by binge eating, Melissa uses laxatives and exercises until she is exhausted. Melissa most clearly demonstrates symptoms of

A

In blighted neighborhoods, community leaders sometimes encourage residents to paint their homes and plant flowers in their yards. Other residents often follow suit, generally without the explicit intent to equal or surpass their neighbors' efforts. Chartrand and Bargh (1999) called this type of imitative behavior the _____ effect. chameleon mere exposure social influence social facilitation

Phobias

In contrast to most other psychological disorders, antisocial personality disorder and _____ first appear in childhood.

Antisocial personality disorder

In contrast to most other psychological disorders, phobias and _____ first appear in childhood.

Reliable

In one study, Riskind et al. (1987) found that psychologists agreed on patients' DSM diagnoses 83 percent of the time. The consistency of these DSM diagnoses means that the DSM is _____.

Higher

In terms of gender differences in intellectual abilities, boys tend to score _____ on complex math problem-solving tasks than girls.

20,000

In the 1980s, when the DSM contained the first formal code for DID, the number of DID diagnoses in North America exploded to more than:

DID

In the 1980s, when the DSM contained the first formal code for _____, the number of diagnoses for this condition in North America exploded to more than 20,000.

C

In the Stanley Milgram experiments, the level of obedience was highest when the "teacher" was _____ the experimenter and _____ the "learner." close to; close to far from; far from close to; far from far from; close to

Lewis Terman

In the US, ______ _____ adapted Binet's test for American school children and named the test the Stanford-Binet Test.

Hallucination; delusion

In the context of schizophrenia, perception is to _____ as cognition is to _____.

Flynn effect

In the past 60 years, intelligence scores have risen steadily by an average of 27 points. This phenomenon is known as the ______ ______.

Mental retardation

Indicated by intelligence scores below 70

Mental retardation

Individuals with _____ _______ required constant supervision a few decades ago, but with a supportive family environment and special education they can now care for themselves.

D

Marshall frequently expresses his extreme attitude about gun control legislation. He is very knowledgeable about the topic, and he has a vested interest in the subject. According to the attitudes-follows-behavior principle, Marshall: is likely to privately behave in a way that is just the opposite of the attitudes he has publicly expressed. is likely to behave only in ways that will gain him social acceptance and approval. will tend to talk a lot about this topic but is not likely to take any concrete action. is very likely to behave in accordance with his attitudes.

Prototype

Matching new items to the ______ provides a quick and easy method for including items in a category (as when comparing feathered creatures to a prototypical bird, such as a robin.)

2

Maternal famine and second-trimester influenza both increase the risk that the child will later develop schizophrenia by a factor of:

Genital

Maturation of sexual interests

Ego

Mediates among the demands of the id, superego and reality

Concept

Mental grouping of similar objects, events, or people

Cognitive schemas

Mental set on how the world works

Algorithm

Methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem

Cognition

Mika is planning to attend graduate school. Her primary interests are human communication, problem solving, and the storage of new information in memory. She is interested in the mental activities collectively known as _____.

Regression

Mike is always trying to impress his pals with how and independent he has become. However, when Mike has social or emotional problems, he still wants his dad to figure out the solution.

Delusions

Mr. Keller incorrectly believes that people are constantly laughing at him and that FBI agents are trying to steal his savings. Specifically, Mr. Keller is suffering from _____.

Projection

Mrs. Brown often accuses other women of talking too much and spreading rumors. It is rather obvious to those who know her that she is revealing her own inclinations in that area.

Schizophrenia

Mrs. Higgins believes that aliens from another planet have removed her stomach and are watching to see how long it takes her to grow another. Mrs. Higgins is most likely suffering from:

Displacement

Mrs. James can't understand why her husband has been so grumpy and irritable for the past week. It certainly isn't her fault that he didn't receive the anticipated promotion at the factory.

Big five personality factors

NEO-PI-R (Costa and McCrae, 1996)

100

Nearly 1 in _____ people will develop schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia

Negative symptoms of ____ are: the absence of appropriate behaviors (expressionless faces, rigid bodies)

Atypical

Not enough in itself

Projection

The individual who actually likes to have others do things for him may be quick to criticize other people for being dependent and lazy.

D

Susan was born deaf to hearing-impaired parents. She is fluent in sign language and successful in school. How will she perform on a standard intelligence test compared to hearing children her age? A. Deaf children cannot take standard intelligence tests, so her performance cannot be predicted. B. She will perform as well because language does not influence performance on intelligence tests. C. She will perform better because sign language improves verbal ability. D. Because the intelligence test is in the culture's dominant language (a language she cannot hear), she will not perform as well.

Reaction formation

Switching unacceptable impulses into their opposites

OCD

Tammy is focused on cleaning her home, which she does for four hours per day. In particular, the fringe on her rugs must be straight on both sides in all five rooms. This takes considerable time and she often adjusts the rugs 10 to 12 times per day in addition to her ritualistic cleaning. Tammy's experience is most symptomatic of _____.

Mental set

Tendency to approach a problem in a particular way; especially a way that has been successful in the past but may or may not be helpful in solving a new problem.

Functional fixedness

Tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions

B

Teresa is an African-American female scheduled to take a math aptitude test. To ensure her BEST performance and reduce the chance of stereotype threat, she should request to: have a Caucasian female administer the test. have an African-American female administer the test. take the test in a room with both males and females present. Teresa will not be influenced by the people administering or taking the test.

4

The National Institute of Mental Health estimates that just over 1 in _____ of adult Americans suffer from a diagnosable mental disorder in a given year.

Phallic

The Oedipus and Electra Complex happen in what stage of Freud's psychosexual stages?

Rorschach inkblot

The Society for Personality Assessment commends its responsible use even though some critics doubt the validity of the projective test called the _____.

D

The Stanford Prison Experiment consisted of male college students who volunteered to participate in the simulation of a prison. Half of the students became guards, and the other half became prisoners. What is the name of the psychologist who had to call off the study after only six days because of the degrading behaviors displayed by the guards and the way the prisoners became passive, broke down, or rebelled? Leon Festinger Stanley Milgram Solomon Asch Philip Zimbardo

Verbal, performance

The WAIS was split into what two assessments?

Humanistic perspective

The _____ of personality emphasizes the growth potential of "healthy" individuals.

Social-cognitive

The ______ _______ perspective suggests that depression arises partly from self-defeating beliefs and negative explanatory styles.

B

The _____________ is one of the most widely used intelligence tests for children. A. Binet's Intelligence Test (BIT) B. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) C. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) D. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

Emotional intelligence

The ability to perceive, understand, and use emotions.

Repression

The basic defense mechanism that banishes anxiety-arousing impulses, enables other defense mechanisms.

Prototype

The best example of a category

Psychosexual stages

The childhood stages of development during which the id's pleasure-seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones

A

The common tendency in individualistic cultures to attribute the behavior of others to internal, personal characteristics, while ignoring or underestimating the effects of external or situational factors, is called: the fundamental attribution error. altruism. diffusion of responsibility. deindividuation

Medical model

The concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and in most cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital.

Defense mechanisms

The ego's protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality

Psychoanalytic, humanistic, trait, social-cognitive

The four basic perspectives that tells us who we are, are?

Rationalization

The habitual drinker may insist that he really doesn't care much for the taste of alcohol but feels that he is obliged to drink with friends "just to be sociable"

Learned helplessness

The hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or human learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events

Individualist

The humanistic concept of self-actualization is probably most applicable to _____ cultures, such as Canada.

A

The humanistic perspective is to the social-cognitive perspective as _______ is to _______. self-actualization; reciprocal determinism the unconscious; self-actualization self-actualization; the unconscious the unconscious; reciprocal determinism

B

The humanistic perspective of personality: emphasizes the driving force of unconscious motivations. emphasizes the growth potential of "healthy" individuals. emphasizes the importance of interaction with the environment in shaping personality. describes personality in terms of scores on various personality scales.

General intelligence

The idea that ______ _______ exists comes from the work of Charles Spearman who helped develop the factor analysis approach in statistics.

Charles Spearman

The idea that general intelligence exists comes from the work of ______ ________ who helped develop the factor analysis approach in statistics.

D

Which statement is TRUE concerning the potential association between political affiliation and attributions? Political liberals are more likely to make the fundamental attribution error than are political conservatives. Political conservatives are less likely to make the fundamental attribution error than are political liberals. Political conservatives are more likely to make situational attributions than are political liberals. Political liberals are less likely to make dispositional attributions than are political conservatives.

A

Which statement is TRUE concerning the potential association between political affiliation and the fundamental attribution error? Political conservatives are more likely to make the fundamental attribution error than are political liberals. Political conservatives are less likely to make the fundamental attribution error than are political liberals. Political conservatives and political liberals are equally likely to make the fundamental attribution error. Research has yet to examine the potential association between political affiliation and the fundamental attribution error.

David Weschler

Who developed WAIS and WISC?

Albert Bandura

Who is a apart of the reciprocal determinism?

Spearman

Who proposed that general intelligence is linked to many clusters that can be analyzed by factor analysis.

Gardner

Who proposes eight types of intelligences and speculates about a ninth one - existential intelligence.

Howard gardner

Who supports the idea that intelligence comes in multiple forms?

It depends on who you ask

Why are we who we are?

Senex

Wise old man

OCD

Without success, Maxine spends hours each day trying to suppress the intrusive worry that she may have forgotten to lock her house when she left for work. Her experience is most symptomatic of:

C

You are trying to fix the mowing deck on your lawn tractor (the pin has come out and is now nowhere to be found). Knowing you cannot mow the lawn without securing the deck, you see a zip tie normally used to bind wires together and use it to temporarily secure the deck. You have successfully overcome: A. the framing effect. B. the availability heuristic. C. functional fixedness. D. belief perseverance.

D

You have very strong opinions about the tuition increase. However, once you are the student representative for the College Board, you develop a more favorable attitude about the tuition increase. Which theory best explains why? A. two-factor theory B. social exchange theory C. equity theory D. cognitive dissonance theory

B

You watch as a student stumbles and drops her books in the hall. According to the fundamental attribution error, how would you explain the student's behavior? She must have tripped over something. She is a clumsy person. She could not help it; there were too many books to carry. She was trying to get out of someone else's way.

D

Your brother is considering adopting an infant from an orphanage that has a reputation for minimal child-caregiver interaction. A 1-year-old boy is available for adoption, but he is passive and not speaking yet. What advice would you give your brother? A. Don't worry. The boy's verbal ability is determined by genetics, as opposed to environment. B. The change in environment will not have an impact on the boy's verbal abilities. C. Be prepared that the boy will never learn to speak, even if provided with responsive caregiving. D. Provided with responsive caregiving, the chances are good that the boy will learn to talk.

C

Your friend has a cockatiel that he has trained to discriminate between pictures of dogs and cats. Your friend shows him a picture of a dog and the bird pecks at a dog symbol on the cage. Your friend shows him a picture of a cat and the bird pecks at a cat symbol. The bird is showing: A. telegraphic language. B. syntactic language. C. that it can form concepts. D. linguistic determination.

D

Your friend yells at you for being five minutes late for lunch. Rather than believe your friend is a rude jerk, you decide that she may be having difficulties with her partner. Therefore, you make a _____ about her behavior. dispositional attribution. gender-typing attribution. foot-in-the-door attribution situational attribution.

Axis III

Your professor asks you on what axis diabetes would fall under. You answer:

Attitude

Your professor is curt with everyone on the first day of class. You think that your new professor is rude. This _____ will likely influence you to act negatively toward your professor.

D

Your professor is short with everyone on the first day of class. You think that your new professor is rude. This ____________ will likely influence you to act negatively toward your professor. A. foot-in-the-door phenomenon B. situational attribution C. exposure effect D. attitude

B

Your sister's identical twin sons are participating in a research study that includes MRI scans. The MRI findings will most likely indicate that: A. they have very different gray matter volume. B. they have very similar gray matter volume. C. the areas in their brains associated with verbal intelligence are very different. D. the areas in their brains associated with spatial intelligence are very different.

D

Zelda was adopted when she was an infant. Her adoptive parents' intelligence test scores are in the average range. Her biological parents, on the other hand, have test scores that are well above average. When Zelda is 30, her performance on an intelligence test will: drop precipitously because of the Flynn effect. increase dramatically because of confirmation bias. be more similar to her adoptive parents' test scores. be more similar to her biological parents' test scores.

Alfred Binet

___ _____ and his colleague Theodore Simon practiced a more modern form of intelligence testing by developing questions that would predict childrens future progress in the Paris school system.

Maslow

___ proposed that we as individuals are motivated by a hierarchy of needs.

13, 22

___% of men are depressed, and ___% of women are depressed.

Racial

____ groups differ in their average intelligence scores.

Depression

____ is a "common cold" of psychological disorders.

Aptitude

____ is the capacity to learn.

Identical

____ twins raised apart show slightly less similarity in their intelligence scores.

Hans, Sybil Eysenck

_____ and_______ suggested that personality could be reduced down to two polar dimensions, extraversion-introversion and emotional stability-instability.

Women, men, men

_____ are much more likely than ___ to do suicide attempts, but ____ are 2 to 4 times more likely to actually take their lives.

Bandura

_____ believes that personality is the result of an interaction that takes place between a person and their social context.

Intellectual

_____ disability refers to a condition of limited mental ability, which is indicated by an intelligence test score at or below 70, as well as difficulty adapting to the normal demands of independent living.

Generalized anxiety

_____ disorder is characterized by symptoms of unexplained and continually tense and uneasy feelings.

Rogers

_____ emphasized the importance of unconditional positive regard in healthy personality development.

Schizophrenia

_____ is a mental disorder most likely to lead to poverty.

A

_____ is an attitude of total acceptance toward another person; this attitude nurtures growth in others. Unconditional positive regard Self-actualization Reaction formation The Electra complex

Adler

_____ is to power as Horney is to security.

Schizophrenia

_____ manifests in young people as they mature into adults. It affects men and women equally, but men suffer from it more severely than women.

Validity

_____ of a test refers to what the test is supposed to measure or predict.

B

_____ refers to one's ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use one's emotions. Crystallized intelligence Emotional intelligence Social awareness Fluid intelligence

C

_____ result(s) from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval, whereas _____ result(s) from a person's willingness to accept others' opinions about reality. Dispositional attributions; situational attributions Informational social influence; normative social influence Normative social influence; informational social influence Situational attributions; dispositional attributions

Fraternal

_____ twins raised together tend to show similarity in intelligence scores

Paranoid, disorganized, catatonic

_____, _____, and _____ are subtypes of schizophrenia.

Jung

______ believed in the collective unconscious, which contained a common reservoir of images derived from our species past. This is why cultures share certain myths and images such as the mother being a symbol of nurturance.

Adopted

______ children show a marginal correlation in verbal ability to their adopted parents

Schizophrenia

_______ is a disease of the brain exhibited by the symptoms of the mind.

Aptitude tests

_________ ______ are necessarily biased in the sense that they are sensitive to performance differences caused by cultural differences.

Groupthink

_________ is fueled by a desire for group harmony.

B

_______________ observed the dramatic effects of early experiences and demonstrated the impact of early intervention in an Iranian orphanage. A. Flynn B. Hunt C. Piaget D. McVicker

B

_____are feelings that are based on beliefs; they predispose people to react in a particular way to objects, people, and events. Perceptions Attitudes Attributions Algorithms