Psych Exam 4

Nearly 1 in _____ people will develop schizophrenia.

100

___is a diagnosis that applies to a person (usually a man) who exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members.

Antisocial personality disorder

Two counterconditioning techniques for replacing unwanted responses are systematic desensitization and free association. aversive conditioning and exposure therapy. interpersonal psychotherapy and stress inoculation training. unconditional positive regard and transference.

B

____ are psychologists with a Ph.D. or Psy.D. supplemented by a supervised internship and, often, postdoctoral training.

Clinical psychiatrists

___ is a rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities.

Dissociative identity disorder

_____ insisted that madness was not demon possession but a sickness of the mind caused by severe stresses and inhumane conditions.

Philippe Pinel

A possible explanation for the effectiveness of ________ is that it may reduce depression by triggering the formation of new functioning brain circuits through the long-term potentiation of nerve cells. rTMS chlorpromazine EMDR psychosurgery

a

After three days of taking a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), Dennis is disappointed because he is not feeling any better. However, it generally may take up to _____ week(s) for this type of antidepressant to reach full effect. 4 2 3 1

a

Although Mark realizes his behavior is unreasonable, he is so distraught by high bridges that he avoids them and takes an unnecessarily lengthy route to and from work each day. Mark appears to suffer from a(n): phobia. generalized anxiety disorder. mood disorder. obsessive-compulsive disorder

a

Athletic instruction that teaches swimmers to think "high elbow" during swimming competitions best illustrates the application of ________ therapy techniques to sports training programs. cognitive exposure client-centered biomedical

a

Chase is experiencing depression. He feels terrible and wants immediate relief. His doctor prescribes an antidepressant. How soon will Chase get relief? 4 to 6 weeks 1 day 1 hour of taking the drug 1 week

a

Elsa, a 50-year-old teacher, is openly gay. According to the American Psychiatric Association (APA), Elsa's homosexuality: is NOT classified as an illness. is classified as an illness. The APA has no opinion about homosexuality. does NOT put her at greater risk for mental health problems.

a

George Albee's work on preventive mental health revealed that _____ and demoralizing stressors are MOST likely to lead to mental health problems. chronic recurrent episodic unidimensional

a

Group therapy is typically more effective than individual therapy for enabling people to discover that others have problems similar to their own. eliminating clients' anxiety during the process of therapy. encouraging severely disturbed individuals to quickly regain normal social functioning. ensuring that therapists will become more emotionally involved in clients' real-life problems.

a

Last week Tate went into the hospital for a painful medical procedure. Amazingly, he did not seem worried beforehand, and he showed no signs of autonomic nervous system arousal. In addition, Tate seems to lack a conscience for wrongdoing. It is possible that Tate would be diagnosed as having: antisocial personality disorder. schizophrenia. schizoid personality disorder. avoidant personality disorder

a

Leigh is a diligent clinician. In order to provide her clients with the best therapy she can provide she keeps up to date on the latest psychotherapy research. She also takes into consideration her patients' values, characteristics, preferences, and circumstances. Finally, she is also mindful of her own expertise. Leigh is using what approach in clinical decision making? evidence-based practice eclectic approach meta-analysis unconditional positive regard

a

Lindsey is a physician who specializes in the treatment of psychological disorders. She is an M.D. and can prescribe medication. Lindsey is most likely a: psychiatrist. clinical psychiatrist. counselor. psychiatric social worker.

a

Mark suffers from a great deal of irrational thoughts that affect his social life. He would benefit MOST from _____therapy. cognitive-behavioral humanistic psychodynamic group

a

Michael complains that threatening voices are constantly telling him he is so evil he should kill himself. Michael is experiencing: hallucinations. flat affect. catatonia. a panic attack.

a

People often enter psychotherapy during a period of crisis in their lives. This helps us understand why they tend to overestimate the effectiveness of their psychotherapy. seldom block anxiety-laden thoughts from consciousness. prefer behavior therapies over other forms of treatment. claim to receive the most effective treatment from highly experienced clinicians.

a

Personality disorders can be classified into three clusters. One cluster expresses anxiety, such as that exhibited in ______________. People with this personality disorder are so fearful of rejection that it predisposes them to withdraw from society. avoidant personality disorder antisocial personality disorder borderline personality disorder histrionic personality disorder

a

Reflecting on how the definition of psychological disorders has changed in history, one can see that societal views greatly impact the definition of a psychological disorder by: framing what is perceived as the source of the disorder. giving new terms for disorders. limiting a disorder. creating new disorders.

a

Stefan recently suffered a traumatic experience and is now seeing a therapist on a regular basis. His therapist waves her finger in front of Stefan's eyes while he imagines the traumatic scene. This type of therapy is known as: eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). exposure therapy. mesmerism. systematic desensitization.

a

The overlapping of two or more disorders in a single person is an indication of comorbidity. randomized clinical trials. meta-analysis. the placebo effect.

a

Which counterconditioning technique is especially helpful when it would be too expensive or too embarrassing for a person to directly confront an anxiety-arousing situation? virtual reality exposure therapy free association a token economy aversive conditioning

a

Which form of therapy has been criticized for offering interpretations that cannot be proven or disproven? psychoanalysis systematic desensitization cognitive-behavioral therapy client-centered therapy

a

One thing that people suffering from panic disorder and phobias have in common is: both abruptly create intense fear. both are anxiety disorders. the person knows what is causing the anxiety.

a (b is true but a is more specific)

extreme or irrational fear of crowded spaces or enclosed public places

agoraphobia

Jackie is extremely afraid of rejection. Because of this, she has always been withdrawn. Her inflexible and enduring behavior patterns have impaired her social functioning, and she would likely be considered to have a(n) _____ personality disorder.

avoidant

Around the world, people may experience the same genetically-based disorder quite differently, depending on their personal expectations and their cultural definition of abnormality. This best illustrates the need for what kind of model? linkage analysis a biopsychosocial approach association studies the medical model

b

Barry, who plans to be a nurse, has a strong sense of purpose in life. Because of this trait, he is more likely to _____. entertain others be socially active act responsibly experience career success

b

Behavioral conditioning therapies have achieved especially favorable results in the treatment of depression. phobias. bipolar disorders. personality disorders.

b

Bonita is suffering from major depressive disorder. Compared with people who are not depressed, Bonita is more likely to: easily complete routine tasks involved in daily living. have a preoccupation with death or be prey to suicidal thoughts. suffer from frequent or unexpected panic attacks. speak quickly and have high levels of energy.

b

Boris is a prolific painter. However, he is also prone to periods of hopelessness and depression, which are followed by periods of mania. It is very likely that Boris is suffering from a(n): dissociative disorder. bipolar disorder. obsessive-compulsive disorder. major depressive disorder.

b

Clients often stay in touch with their psychotherapists only if satisfied with the treatment they received. This helps us understand why therapists avoid diagnosing clients' disorders during the course of therapy. often overestimate the effectiveness of psychotherapy. prefer client-centered therapy over other forms of treatment. avoid developing a therapeutic alliance.

b

Constance suffers from generalized anxiety disorder and Steven suffers from depression. What class of medication are they likely to be prescribed? Both will receive antipsychotic drugs. Both will receive antidepressants. Constance will receive antianxiety drugs and Steven will receive an antidepressant. Both will receive antianxiety drugs.

b

In a study examining genetic influences on antisocial personality disorder, Adrian Raine compared the PET scans of murderers' brains to the brains of nonmurderers of the same age and sex. Raine reported reduced activity in the murderers' _____________ (a brain area that helps with impulse control). pineal gland frontal lobes medulla reticular formation

b

In which approach to therapy do psychotherapists expect that patients are often motivated to resist discussing anxiety-laden material? cognitive therapy psychoanalysis humanistic therapy behavior therapy

b

John is a 28-year-old male who suffers from bipolar disorder. He does not like lithium because of the side effects. His doctor prescribes _____, originally used to treat epilepsy. Thorazine Depakote Ativan Risperdal

b

Lynn has begun to buy small gifts for her therapist, and she feels extremely jealous of the time he spends with his other patients. To a psychoanalyst, this is most indicative of resistance. transference. unconditional positive regard. free association.

b

Melissa suffers from auditory hallucinations and falsely believes that her former high school teachers are trying to kill her. Melissa's symptoms are most likely to be relieved by ________ drugs. mood-stabilizing antipsychotic antidepressant antianxiety

b

Most combat-stressed veterans do not later exhibit posttraumatic stress disorder. This best illustrates resistance. resilience. tardive dyskinesia. withdrawal.

b

Naima washes her hands about 50 times a day because she is afraid of the germs that seem to be everywhere. Rana washes her hands about 50 times a day because she is a nurse practitioner and she knows that it is an important part of her job. Why is Naima's hand washing considered part of a psychological disorder while Rana's is not? The behavior is dysfunctional for Naima. All of these things classify Naima's behavior as a psychological disorder. The behavior causes Naima distress. The behavior is deviant for someone whose work does not demand it.

b

Regarding the treatment of schizophrenia, dopamine-blocking drugs have little effect on persistent _____ symptoms such as toneless voices or expressionless faces. average negative positive neutral

b

The approach to understanding and classifying psychological disorders that most seeks to minimize stigma for the afflicted is the _____. medical model biopsychosocial approach psychoanalytic approach cognitive approach

b

To help Adam reduce his fear of dogs, a therapist encourages him to physically relax and imagine that he is walking toward a friendly and harmless little dog. The therapist's technique best illustrates: operant conditioning. systematic desensitization. psychodynamic therapy. aversive conditioning.

b

Yvonne works for a government agency where she treats those who have psychological disorders. In order to do this, she has a Psy.D. When she was younger, she also had a supervised internship and postdoctoral training. Yvonne is most likely a: psychiatrist. clinical psychiatrist. counselor. psychiatric social worker.

b

_____________ is to an absence of appropriate behaviors as _____________ is to an excess of inappropriate behaviors. Positive symptoms; residual symptoms Negative symptoms; positive symptoms Negative symptoms; hallucinations Positive symptoms; negative symptoms

b

______________ is characterized by one or more of three key symptoms, including extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Generalized anxiety disorder Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder Obsessive-compulsive disorder Schizophrenia

b

Aaron is undergoing Army basic training. He is being taught to reduce incapacitating anxiety by saying things to himself that enhance a sense of control during anxiety-producing situations. This best illustrates _____. systematic desensitization exposure stress inoculation training increasing optimism

c

Although _____ are more common, depression is the most common reason people seek mental health services. dissociative identity disorders traumas phobias personality disorders

c

Andrea experiences extreme anxiety when she approaches any lake. Her therapist suggests that her fear is the result of a traumatic childhood boating accident. The therapist's suggestion reflects a _____ perspective. biological psychoanalytic learning humanistic

c

Brian has suffered from severe, unremitting depression for almost two decades. He has tried therapy, numerous psychotropic medications, and ECT. Nothing has helped. What is the likelihood that he might respond to deep brain stimulation (DBS)? It is unlikely that this treatment will be effective. It is uncertain whether this treatment will be effective. There is a chance this treatment will be effective. This treatment will only be effective for a very short while.

c

Christopher has a two-year master's degree and specializes in helping those with a history of substance use disorder. Christopher is most likely a: clinical psychiatrist. cognitive psychologist counselor. psychiatrist.

c

Compared with placebos, antidepressant drugs provide ________ benefits to patients with severe symptoms of depression and ________ benefits to patients with mild symptoms of depression. minimal; minimal minimal; substantial substantial; minimal substantial; substantial

c

D-cycloserine helps relieve the symptoms of bipolar disorder. antisocial personality. obsessive-compulsive disorder. schizophrenia.

c

Finn has been diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Which of the following problems might he be exhibiting? fidgetiness distractibility A person with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder will exhibit all of these behaviors. impulsiveness

c

In an attempt to lose some of the weight gained by binge eating, Melissa uses laxatives and exercises until she is exhausted. Melissa most clearly demonstrates symptoms of: anorexia nervosa. binge-eating disorder. bulimia nervosa. a phobia.

c

In stressful situations, people with an antisocial personality disorder show _____________ when compared with people unaffected by the disorder. greater fear and greater autonomic nervous system arousal greater fear and less autonomic nervous system arousal less fear and less autonomic nervous system arousal less fear and greater autonomic nervous system arousal

c

In the DSM-5, a person must exhibit 5 of 9 possible symptoms in order to receive a diagnosis of major depressive disorder. One of the criticisms of this variability in symptoms within this diagnostic category is that: clinicians must use a checklist to remember the symptoms. people experience sadness in different ways. clinicians often don't agree on a diagnosis. clinicians have more flexibility.

c

Of the following individuals, who is MOST likely to benefit from the use of lithium? Landon, who experiences a generalized sense of apprehension and anxiety Olivia, who experiences delusions and auditory hallucinations Miranda, who experiences periods of extreme sadness, followed by episodes of optimistic overexcitement Ivan, who experiences sudden brief episodes of intense dread and panic

c

Schizophrenia is a severe disorder characterized by: disorganized thinking. diminished and inappropriate emotions. Schizophrenia is characterized by all of these things. disturbed perceptions.

c

Sophia's husband insisted that she go to a mental health clinic when she was unable to explain or remember her frequent absences from home, phone calls from people that she claimed she had never heard of, and check stubs from checks that she couldn't remember writing. At the clinic, Sophia admitted there were long stretches of her life that were completely blank to her. Suddenly, Sophia's voice, facial expression, and demeanor changed, and she said to the clinic psychologist, "Don't pay any attention to that old Sophia. She's just a bore. My name is Sophie, and I'm a lot more fun to talk to." The clinic psychologist suspects that Sophia may be suffering from: schizophrenia. a fugue state. dissociative identity disorder. anorexia nervosa.

c

Stephen Ilardi and his colleagues have developed training seminars promoting therapeutic lifestyle change. These seminars would likely be most effective in helping Darlene effectively cope with posttraumatic stress disorder. Larry effectively cope with dissociative identity disorder. Amy effectively cope with major depressive disorder. Jeremy effectively cope with antisocial personality disorder.

c

Systematic desensitization involves replacing a positive response to a harmful stimulus with a negative response. associating unwanted behaviors with unpleasant experiences. associating a pleasant relaxed state with anxiety-arousing stimuli. depriving a client access to an addictive drug.

c

Thirteen-year-old Jason has mood swings in which he alternates from depressive moods to uncontrollable behavior in which he interferes with the class and is aggressive toward his classmates. According to DSM-5, Jason is likely to be diagnosed with: mania major depression mood dysregulation disorder persistent mood disorder

c

To help Mr. Eberstadt overcome alcohol use disorder, his therapist first attempted to discover whether his misuse of alcohol was somehow a reaction to his wife's behavior. The therapist's concern is most likely to be characteristic of a client-centered therapist. psychoanalyst. family therapist. biomedical therapist.

c

Which form of therapy is most likely to emphasize the importance of examining a person's role within a social system? client-centered therapy cognitive therapy family therapy psychoanalysis

c

Which of the following was the lowest reported psychological disorder in the United States in 2008? Schizophrenia posttraumatic stress disorder obsessive-compulsive disorder generalized anxiety disorder

c

adine has decided to seek help for some problems she is having. She knows a little about different therapies and has decided she does not want to get involved in anything long-term. However, she does want to gain insight into the roots of her difficulties and is drawn to psychodynamic therapy. If Nadine wants to gain insight into current issues, rather than delve into the past, she should try to find a therapist who specializes in _____ psychotherapy. cognitive humanistic interpersonal behavioral

c

type of schizophrenia? immobility (or excessive, purposeless movement), extreme negativism, and/or parrotlike repeating of another's speech or movements

catatonic

Based on the research showing that smokers are more likely to have panic attacks and at higher intensity, which of the following populations is more likely to have panic attacks? People who abuse alcohol . People who are high-strung. People who smoke marijuana. People who use other types of stimulants.

d

Elaine feels that her life is empty. She has lost interest Elaine feels that her life is empty. She has lost interest in career and hobbies, and she wonders if she would be better off dead. She is most likely suffering from a(n): specific phobia. dissociative disorder. antisocial personality disorder. mood disorder.

d

Elena feels that her life is empty. She has lost interest in and the ability to function in her career and has even lost interest in her hobbies. She wonders if she would be better off dead. Elena is most likely suffering from: antisocial personality disorder. dissociative disorder. a phobia. a mood disorder.

d

Evidence that dissociative identity disorder is NOT simply a product of conscious role playing is most clearly provided by the: periodic intervals during which patients with this disorder become violent. inability of psychiatric experts to hypnotize patients with this disorder. dramatic increase in reported cases of this disorder during the past 40 or so years. distinct brain and body states associated with differing personalities.

d

In _____________, a person exhibits persistently harmful thoughts, feelings, and actions. a belief perseverance the adaptation-level phenomenon the confirmation bias a psychological disorder

d

Meta-analysis refers to clinical decision making that integrates the best available research with clinical experience and patient characteristics. counseling and treatment of troubled individuals by friends, family, and other nonprofessionals. the use of a variety of therapeutic techniques in the treatment of a single client. a procedure for statistically combining the results of many different studies.

d

Mr. Hoffman has always been cautious with his money. But, over the past two weeks, he has developed grandiose plans to bet his entire savings on a single horse race. With unrestrained exuberance he has also been giving everybody he sees unsolicited advice on how to make millions in the stock market. Mr. Hoffman's behavior is most indicative of: multiple personality disorder. dissociative identity disorder. dissociative disorder. none of these disorders.

d

One cluster of personality disorders that expresses eccentric behavior also includes ______________. People with this personality disorder can be described as having an emotionless disengagement. borderline personality disorder dissociative identity disorder antisocial personality disorder schizotypal personality disorder

d

Patricia has been diagnosed with bulimia nervosa. Which of the following is a key characteristic of her eating disorder? being unaware of the fact that she has an eating disorder loss of appetite, especially for high-calorie foods being 15 to 20 percent below her ideal body weight binge eating and purging by self-induced vomiting

d

Raquel was initially excited to make the cheerleading squad. However, her parents noticed that she stopped eating dinner with them, claiming she had already eaten. She wanted to help make most meals, and had a list of good and bad foods. She began portioning the amount of food she ate, and weighing it. Most concerning was the significant weight drop from a healthy 115 pounds to 90 pounds. Raquel most clearly demonstrates symptoms of: avoidant personality disorder. borderline personality disorder. bulimia nervosa. anorexia nervosa.

d

Schizophrenia that develops rapidly, seemingly as a reaction to stress, is called ________ schizophrenia. chronic process catatonic acute

d

Seventy-five-year-old Walter lost his wife to a heart attack two years ago, and most of his friends have passed on. His children live in other states and he has no pets. In terms of risk factors for suicide, Walter: is less likely to attempt suicide since he is living by himself. is equally as likely to attempt suicide as the general population. is less likely to attempt suicide, because his energy and initiative are rebounding. is more likely to attempt suicide, because the suicide rate surges among older men.

d

Several years after his wife's death, Mr. Sanchez remains incapacitated by feelings of guilt and sadness. To reduce Mr. Sanchez's depression, a therapist is actively encouraging him to stop blaming himself for his inability to prevent his wife's death. The therapist's approach is most representative of _____ therapy. behavioral humanistic psychodynamic cognitive

d

The assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions is most clearly central to progressive relaxation. exposure therapies. behavior modification. cognitive therapies.

d

Therapists practice ________ by using positive reinforcers to reward closer and closer approximations of a desired behavior. free association unconditional positive regard progressive relaxation behavior modification

d

Walter keeps to himself at work, is quiet, and has a number of odd collections. Some people call him eccentric. He has only one friend who comes over to drink with him. Walter may be considered to have: dissociative identity disorder. narcissistic personality disorder. antisocial personality disorder. schizoid personality disorder.

d

Which of the following biomedical treatments provides some of the benefits of ECT without triggering seizures or memory loss? antipsychotic medication the lobotomy psychosurgery repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation

d

Which of the following is an example of a dissociative experience that is pathological or abnormal? becoming so absorbed in the book you're reading that you don't hear the telephone ring automatically taking your usual exit off the highway because you are so preoccupied by your thoughts that you forget that you were planning to go to a different destination waking up from a nap and momentarily thinking that a dream event really happened being unable to remember your own name or other important details about your life

d

Xanax and Ativan are ________ drugs. mood-stabilizing antipsychotic antidepressant antianxiety

d

_____ is to an absence of appropriate behaviors as _____ is to an excess of inappropriate behaviors. Positive symptoms; negative symptoms Positive symptoms; residual symptoms Negative symptoms; hallucinations Negative symptoms; positive symptoms

d

_____________ is an anxiety disorder characterized by symptoms that include haunting memories and nightmares, jumpy anxiety, social withdrawal, and insomnia. Night terrors Narcolepsy Sleep apnea Posttraumatic stress disorder

d

One of the most interesting differences between GAD and the other anxiety disorders is: the presence of fear without reasonable cause. that it is easy to treat. that GAD symptoms occur spontaneously. that GAD often resolves as a person gets older.

d (GAD is rare for ppl age 50 and over)

If Ardith, a recovering alcoholic, wishes to remain in recovery, she is better served by _____ than by _____. aversive conditioning; cognitive-behavioral therapy a generic self-help group; Alcoholics Anonymous Alcoholics Anonymous; aversive conditioning frequent attendance at Alcoholics Anonymous meetings; a general support group

d (aversive conditioning and AA meetings are pretty equal in effectiveness)

delusion or hallucination? believing you have special powers

delusion (of grandeur)

delusion or hallucination? "People are out to get me!"

delusion (of persecution)

Mr. James incorrectly believes that people are constantly laughing at him and that FBI agents are trying to steal his savings. Mr. James is suffering from _____.

delusions

difference: hallucinations and delusions

delusions=beliefs that don't match reality, hallucinations=perceiving stimuli that aren't present

type of schizophrenia? disturbed speech or behavior, or flat or inappropriate emotion

disorganized (Ex. Nicholas arrested @ park for walking around park in underwear picking imaginary things from air and laughing uncontrollably)

If one has too much _____, the brain's alarm centers may become overactive.

glutamate

delusion or hallucination? voices telling you to kill your family members

hallucination

The social-cognitive perspective has linked the experience of depression with _____.

learned helplessness

__ ___refers to studies attempting to establish linkage between specific genes.

linkage analysis

When one meets Lanie, one of the first things that is noticed is that she is very dramatic and self-centered. She displays attention-getting behaviors and will do whatever she can to deflect criticism. Lanie exhibits characteristics typical of _____ personality disorder.

narcissistic

type of schizophrenia? preoccupation w/ hallucinations or delusions, often w/themes of grandiosity or persecution

paranoid

type of schizophrenia? social withdrawal after major schizophrenic symptoms have subsided

residual

_____ is a mental disorder that is most likely to lead to poverty.

schizophrenia

Walter has an intense fear of speaking in public. Since he can only engage in one-on-one discussions, he has been passed over for promotions. He may be suffering from _____ phobia.

social

type of schizophrenia? various symptoms that may overlap w/ other types

undifferentiated (Ex. "textbook case"--hallucinations, delusions, repetitive behavior, incoherent speech)

note to self: psychodynamic therapy is VERY DIFFERENT from psychoanalytical therapy. Type yes

yes