Psych Final (8-13)

Most adults reach their peak physical development during their

20s

The volunteer participants in Solomon Asch's experiment on conformity conformed to group pressure to select the incorrect answer approximately _____ percent of the time.

35

_____ is an eating disorder that involves the relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation.

Anorexia nervosa

_____ involve a sudden loss of memory or change in identity.

Dissociative disorders

_____ is the most dramatic, least common, and most controversial dissociative disorder.

Dissociative identity disorder

Which of the following individuals illustrates the trait of extraversion?

Ethan, who communicates with all the members of his choir group lightheartedly

Which of the following is true of neuroleptic drugs?

If an individual with schizophrenia stops taking neuroleptic drugs, the symptoms return.

Which of the following statements is true of dissociative identity disorder (DID)?

In DID, one identity dominates at one time; another takes over at another time.

Which of the following statements is true of panic disorder?

In terms of biological factors, genetic predisposition is a likely cause of panic disorder.

Which of the following is true of agreeableness in the context of prosocial behavior?

It is related to greater volume in the posterior cingulate cortex.

Which of the following statements is true of Carol Gilligan's care perspective?

It views people in terms of their connectedness with others.

According to the five-factor model of personality, which statement best describes the relationship between neuroticism and personality?

Neuroticism is low in self-satisfied individuals.

In 1973, Rosenhan conducted a study in which eight healthy individuals were asked to see a psychiatrist at various hospitals. What did the results of this study demonstrate?

Once a person has been labeled with a psychological disorder, that label colors how others perceive everything else he or she does.

Which of the following is true of defense mechanisms?

Repression is the foundation for all of the psychological defense mechanisms.

_____ refers to a person's ability to recover from or adapt to difficult times.

Resilience

_____ theory is Daryl Bem's take on how behaviors influence attitudes.

Self-perception

Which of the following statements is true of Piaget's preoperational stage?

The symbolic thinking of children in this stage is limited.

Which of the following statements about research on the "beautiful is good" stereotype is FALSE?

There is little truth to the "beautiful is good" stereotype. Attractive people do not really possess the positive characteristics of the stereotype.

Which of the following is a criticism of the humanistic perspectives of personality?

They are too optimistic about human nature.

A schizophrenic patient who falsely believes that he is Jesus Christ is experiencing

a dcelusion

Individuals with dissociative disorders have

a less voluminous hippocampus and amygdala.

Which of the following individuals is likely to be diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder?

a person who lacks empathy for others, is egocentric, and is willing to use others for his own personal gain

When individuals desire to have another person near and have a deep, caring affection for the person, they are displaying

affectionate love.

Jessie, a young American, is obsessed about losing weight. She is paranoid about having calories and often starves herself. Despite being dangerously underweight for her age, Jessie refuses to eat as she is terrified of the possibility of gaining weight. Which of the following disorders best fits the description of Jessie's condition?

anorexia nervosa

A superficially charming person who is indifferent to the pain of others and has spent his life in and out of prison for violent crimes would most likely be diagnosed with which type of personality disorder?

antisocial personality disorder

In addition to providing treatment for depression, antidepressant drugs may also be an effective treatment for

anxiety disorders and eating disorders.

Jenna constantly experiences feelings of hopelessness and worthlessness. Jenna's doctor, Jacob, advises her to start taking antidepressant drugs that contain serotonin and dopamine. According to Dr. Jacob's diagnosis, Jenna's depression is a result of the imbalance and improper functioning of the neurotransmitters in her brain. In the context of the theoretical approaches to psychological disorders, this diagnosis conforms to the

biological approach.

Dr. Wren is in the process of diagnosing Lily's psychological disorder. After asking Lily a few questions about her symptoms, Lily reveals that she experiences alternating episodes of euphoria and distress. On some days, Lily claims that she feels like she is capable of doing anything in the world. During this phase, she can't sleep; feels restless, and is extremely excitable. On the other days, Lily feels utterly worthless and miserable. During this phase, Lily lies in bed all day and is troubled by morbid thoughts. In the context of disorders involving emotion and mood, it can be inferred that Dr. Wren is likely to diagnose Lily with

bipolar disorder.

Your roommate is acting very strangely. Although she has not slept much in the past few days, she says she is on top of the world. She also took all her savings and invested it in a questionable financial venture. This period of non-stop activity has lasted for well over a week and is in sharp contrast to the depression and fatigue she exhibited earlier this semester. Your roommate is exhibiting symptoms of

bipolar disorder.

The thinking style called splitting is associated with which of the following disorders?

borderline personality disorder

The most common compulsion exhibited by individuals who have obsessive-compulsive disorder is excessive

cleansing

Dr. Laura engages in reflective listening with Bill who suffers from depression. She waits for him to express his feelings and decide what he wants to do about his problems. According to this information, it can be inferred that Dr. Laura is practicing _____ therapy.

client-centered

Megan is a 17-year-old girl who is interested in music. She wants to become a pop star and, therefore, has joined piano and vocal-training classes. According to Marcia's theory on identity status, which of the following dimensions of identity is being focused by Megan?

commitment

Ethan is short and thin. Although he's not very strong or athletic, he excels in academics and has a great sense of humor. According to Adler, Ethan's attempts to overcome physical weaknesses by developing strengths in other areas are an example of

compensation

Which of the following is the correct sequence of the stages of prenatal development?

conception, zygote, embryonic period, fetal period

Which stage of cognitive development involves replacing intuitive reasoning with logical reasoning in concrete situations?

concrete operational

A child decides to steal a small item from a neighborhood store in order to be accepted into the Hawk Club. The child reasons that the stealing behavior is acceptable because it is what his friends expect of him. According to Kohlberg, this child is operating at the _____ level.

conventional

Which of the following is NOT one of the essential qualities needed in a relationship to reconnect with one's true feelings and desires according to Rogers?

defense mechanisims

Drug companies commonly fund research that focuses on a(n) _____ model of psychological disorders.

disease

Which of the following defense mechanisms involves directing unacceptable impulses at a less threatening target?

displacement

Which of the following was formerly called multiple personality disorder?

dissociative identity disorder

According to Jeffrey Arnett, the transitional period from adolescence to adulthood is described as

emerging adulthood.

According to Erikson's theory of socioemotional development, _____ is the best way to build an infant's sense of trust.

engaging in establishing a sense that the world is a predictable and safe place

Alex is shy and keeps to himself most of the time. Alex would score low on what trait?

extraversion

Children of permissive parents

fail to learn respect for others and have difficulty controlling their behavior.

_____ is a common negative symptom of schizophrenia, which means the display of little or no emotion.

flat affect

Jason is working on an experiment during his science class and is following a procedure to systematically analyze the outcome. Jason is most likely in the _____ stage of cognitive development.

formal operational

A(n) _____ is a mental framework for understanding what it means to be male or female in one's culture.

gender schema

When an individual hears and sees people who are not actually there, the individual is likely to be experiencing

hallucinations

A schizophrenic patient hears multiple voices inside his head talking to him at the same time and forcing him to do things. It can be inferred that the patient is experiencing the symptom of

hallucinations.

Gladys is a therapist who is constantly reminding her clients that people have a natural capacity for personal growth and positive qualities. Gladys likely endorses the _____ of personality.

humanistic perspective

Beck's cognitive therapy focuses on

illogical thoughts

As young Javier gets off his school bus, he runs to his mother and proudly shows her the book he read at school today. Which of the following Erikson's childhood stages is Javier demonstrating?

industry vs. inferiority

According to Abraham Maslow, which of the following traits is least likely to be associated with self-actualizers?

intolerance

Central route persuasion

involves engaging someone thoughtfully with a sound, logical argument.

According to research on aggressive behavior, which of the following personality factors is mostly associated with aggression?

low levels of conscientiousness

With respect to the three characteristics of abnormal behavior, when a behavior interferes with a person's ability to function effectively in the world, it is considered

maladaptive.

Marilyn is depressed a great deal of the time and seeks help from a doctor. She is diagnosed as having a mental illness caused by a chemical imbalance. Marilyn is most likely being treated by a person who adheres to the _____ of psychological disorders.

medical model

Depressive disorders are _____, whereas bipolar disorder is _____.

more common among women/equally common in men and women

Clients of therapists who do not monitor the quality of the therapeutic alliance are

more likely to drop out of therapy

Developmental psychologists use the term _____ to refer to a person's genes or biological inheritance.

nature

Alex cannot control his impulse to wash his hands every five minutes. He washes his hands almost 100 times a day because he is terrified of being contaminated by germs. If Alex doesn't wash his hands, he experiences overwhelming anxiety. In the context of anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, it can be inferred that Alex is most likely to be diagnosed with

obsessive-compulsive disorder.

A man who slaps his wife during an argument is most likely exhibiting

overt agression

In a(n) _____, a person experiences recurrent, sudden onsets of intense terror, often without warning and with no specific cause.

panic disorder

_____ is a pattern of enduring, distinctive thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that characterize the way an individual adapts to the world.

personality

Soldiers who have returned from the frontlines often struggle with overwhelming anxiety, nervousness, depression, and flashbacks. In many cases, these soldiers have problems with memory and an inability to experience happiness. These characteristics are indicative of

post-traumatic stress disorder.

In the context of group decision making, which of the following is a symptom of groupthink?

pressure for unanimity

Behavior that is intended to benefit other people is called

prosocial behavior.

Which of the following therapies stress the importance of the unconscious mind, extensive interpretation by the therapist, and the role of early childhood experiences in the development of an individual's problems?

psychodynamic therapies

Which of the following forms of treatment would be used only as a last resort to help patients with severely debilitating conditions?

psychosurgery

Which of the following is a biological intervention that involves the removal or destruction of brain tissue to improve an individual's adjustment?

psychosurgery

At the preconventional level of moral development, individuals decide right and wrong based on

punishments or rewards.

Behavior that is meant to harm the social standing of another person through activities such as gossiping and spreading rumors is known as

relational aggression.

Benjamin loves putting together puzzles. He has recently mastered putting together a 10-piece Sesame Street puzzle. His mother claps at his accomplishment but wants to continue challenging Benjamin just beyond his current abilities. The next time they play, she gives Benjamin a 15-piece puzzle and offers some guidance on how to sort the pieces out. According to Vygotsky, Benjamin's mother provides _____ that allows Benjamin's cognitive abilities to be built higher and higher.

scaffolding

Robert Rosenthal and Lenore Jacobsen conducted a study in 1968. The researchers told grade-school teachers that five students were likely to be "late bloomers"—that these students had high levels of ability that would likely emerge over time. In reality, the students had been randomly selected by the researchers. Nonetheless, a year later, the researchers found that teachers' expectations for the "late bloomers" were reflected in student performance—the academic performance of the "late bloomers" was beyond that of other students. The results from this study demonstrate which of the following concepts?

self-fulfilling prophecy

Gordon Allport believed that healthy, well-adjusted individuals

show a positive but objective sense of self and others, and have a sense of humor, common sense, and a unifying philosophy of life.

Melissa and John have been happily married for 30 years because they have ensured that they have no opportunities to fight. Both of them have jobs so they contribute proportionately to the household income, and they equally share all other responsibilities. Melissa and John's happy marriage can best be explained by the

social exchange theory.

Which of the following is most closely associated with the nurture side of the nature versus nurture debate?

social experiences

When treating a client with a psychological disorder, a therapist makes the assumption that the person's difficulties stem primarily from the context in which a person lives. This therapist most likely identifies with the _____ to psychological disorders.

sociocultural approach

Jeff has been extremely aggressive since childhood. He pursues a career in boxing, which provides a socially acceptable channel to express his aggression. This scenario best illustrates the defense mechanism of

sublimation

Social loafing refers to the

tendency for people to exert less effort when working in groups than when working alone

The hormone that is typically implicated in aggressive behavior is

testosterone

According to humanistic theory, a child who receives _____ from his or her parents is likely to avoid the problems associated with _____.

unconditional positive regard/conditions of worth

The therapeutic environment of client-centered therapy is likely to be characterized by

warmth and support