PSYCH Final!

Which of the following is NOT a structure of the neuron?

Glial

Although Sara was told not to, she ate three cookies before dinner. By choosing to eat the cookies, Sigmund Freud would say, she was following the desires of her _______.

Id

One-year-old Jane is not overly fearful of strangers but she clearly prefers to be held by her mother than by anyone else. Her behavior illustrates:

Attachment

Singh s religious beliefs require that men keep their heads covered at all times, but while living in America he is aware that it is traditional for men to bare their heads when the flag passes by them. He feels conflicted, but decides the disapproving looks are not worth it and removes his hat. Singh s behavior is an example of which form of social influence?

Conformity

Hormones are the chemical communicators of which biological system?

Endocrine System

Which following statement is MORE LIKELY to be made by a humanistic psychologist?

Humans have a basic need to fulfill their potentials

Which of the following is an example of systematic desensitization?

Imagining increasingly frightening situations while deeply relaxed.

Neal and Joe met recently at an accounting job fair. Neal lost his job when his company downsized last week and even though it came as a complete surprise, he was given two months severance pay to hold him over until he finds a new position. Joe, on the other hand decided to quit his job to look for another and he has two months of vacation pay to hold him over until he finds a new position. What, if any stress are Neal and Joe experiencing?

Neal is feeling more stress because his job loss was unpredictable and not under his control.

Chemical communication is carried out between neurons by substances called:

Neurotransmitters.

Which pair of variables would you expect to be positively correlated?

Number of hours spent exercising per week and physical fitness.

Martha is very creative and she enjoys making new and unusual works in her ceramics class. Which of the following Big Five trait dimensions is most closely related to Martha s level of creativity?

Openness to experience

The order of the basic memory processes in which information enters our memory system and is used later is

encoding, storage, retrieval.

A central goal of psychoanalysis is to ____________.

explore unconscious conflicts

A person who continues to take a drug to avoid withdrawal symptoms such as tremors and chills is exhibiting ________________.

physical dependence

Which of the following is most likely to have been learned through classical conditioning?

Smiling whenever you smell your partners cologne.

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

The ability to infer a cause-and-effect relationship is associated only with naturalistic observation.

A psychology professor secretly did a research project in his class testing whether increasing eye contact during lectures led to better class participation (class participation did not factor into students grades.. This is most clearly a violation of which APA Ethical Guideline?

The right to informed consent.

Dr. Smithe is designing a study to investigate whether aggressive preschoolers are likely to become aggressive adolescents. Dr. Smithe should use ______________

a longitudinal design

During a recent disaster John witnessed and watched an accident and yet did nothing to provide assistance. He may have rationalized, engaged in denial or transferred his personal responsibility to help in the situation because of what Social Psychologist call the ____________.

bystander effect

The form of therapy that emphasizes recognizing and changing negative thought patterns is __________ therapy.

cognitive

In order to study the effects of loud noise on worker productivity, Dr. McDuffee had one group of research participant s work in a noisy room and a second group work in a quiet room. Those who worked in the quiet room were exposed to the __________ condition.

control

Strategies used by the ego to prevent anxious or threatening thoughts from entering conscious awareness are called____________.

defense mechanisms

People with unipolar disorders experience ____________; most people with bipolar disorders experience ____________.

depression only; alternating periods of depression and mania

The DSM is a reference manual for ___________.

diagnosing psychiatric disorders

The experimental procedure in which both the experimenter and subjects are unaware of who is in the experimental group and who is in the control group is referred to as a/an ______________

double-blind procedure.

A researcher was interested to see how often preschoolers engage in cooperative behaviors. He videotaped preschoolers at a playground and counted the number of time children displayed cooperative behaviors. His research goal was to ______________ behavior.

explain

You have a pair of pliers and a bag of nuts in the shell. You are lamenting the fact that you can t shell the nuts because you do not have a nutcracker. Your inability to perceive the pliers as a makeshift nutcracker demonstrates _____ on your part.

functional fixedness

Using electrical stimulation to compete with or block pain signals involves a

gate-control theory

Max worries about everything. He worries about his job, his finances and the economy. You name it and he worries about it. Max could be diagnosed as having a(n. _________________.

generalized anxiety disorder

Fifteen year old Mark is trying to figure out what he should do after he graduates from college. According to Erikson, Mark is in the stage of ________________.

identity versus role confusion

Industrial/Organizational psychologist s study ________

job-related problems

For most people, the production of language resides in the ___________.

left cerebral hemisphere

Psychopharmacology involves treating mental disorders with ___________.

medication

Shot in the head, the victim died instantly because the bullet entered the _______, the portion of the brain that regulates breathing.

medulla

Howard Gardner s theory that intelligence is composed of seven (or nine. distinct abilities is called ___________

multiple intelligence's

James is so afraid of snakes that he is unable to leave the house. James is most likely suffering from a(n. ___________.

phobia

While boating one afternoon with his father, Ernesto Jr. was given a gift certificate by the local Coast Guard representative for wearing his life jacket. Ernesto Jr. now wears his life Jacket every time he goes out on his father s boat. His change in behavior is the result of ____________.

positive reinforcement

Ali, a survivor of Hurricane Katrina, continues to have nightmares, flashbacks, and anxiety attacks. Ali is most likely suffering from ___________.

post-traumatic stress disorder

Doreen thinks that her brother, Darren, got more sandwich than she did because their father cut Darren s sandwich into quarters, while hers was left in one piece. Doreen s reasoning is typical of a child in the _________ stage of cognitive development.

preoperational

A student s organized set of expectations about how a college professor is supposed to act is an example of a _________.

schema

A person whose behavior is dominated by irrational thinking, poor reality contact, disturbed emotions, delusions, and hallucinations probably has a(n. ___________ disorder.

schizophrenic

When asked to describe herself, 5-year old Jamie says My hair is black . Jamie s physical description of herself is part of her____________.

self-concept

As you take this test, it is unlikely that you are constantly aware that your legs are making contact with the legs of the chair. This is called: _____________.

sensory adaptation.

After seeing his co-worker rewarded with a gift certificate to the nicest restaurant in town for getting to work on time every day for a year, Colin never got to work late again. This is an example of _____________.

social/observational learning.

Shahid was in a serious automobile accident on a snowy evening last winter that caused him to feel anxious every time it snowed and he had to get behind the wheel. After a few months, Shahid s fear of driving in the snow disappeared. To Shahid s surprise, the first snowfall of the next year once again brought back his fear of driving in the snow. The return of Shahid s fear can best be described by the behavioral concept of _______________.

spontaneous recovery

On Travis first date, he and his girlfriend danced to the country song Red Neck Woman. Every time Travis hears that song on his favorite country music station he thinks of his girlfriend and gets a warm feeling. Travis only gets these warm feelings when he hears Red Neck Woman and not when he hears other country songs. Travis behavior is an example of ________________.

stimulus discrimination

A physiological and psychological response to any circumstances that threaten or challenge an individual and requires some form of adaptation or adjustment is known as ___________?

stress

You are in your room listening to music and, realize you are thirsty, you can feel that your soda is no longer cold, and you decide to invite a friend over. What parts of the central nervous system would be primarily involved in each of these italicized behaviors?

temporal lobe, hypothalamus, parietal lobe, frontal lobe

Unusually low levels of _____________ have been associated with a lowered male sex drive.

testosterone

Sensation differs from perception because sensation involves _______________.

the raw input of your sensory systems