psych final part 1 chapter 1,2 & 3

________, an anthropologist, contributed to our understanding of chimpanzee behavior in the wild, using naturalistic observation.

Jane Goodall

If I want to see a professional who will give me medication for my psychological disorder, who should I see?

Psychiatrist

A particular electrical signal being transmitted to a neuron is sufficient to generate an action potential. If the magnitude of the incoming electrical signal is doubled, the action potential will ________.

be twice as strong

________ is a neurotransmitter with roles in pleasure and pain modulation.

beta-endorphin

The possible range for a correlation coefficient is ________.

between -1 and +1

The brain contains ________ of interconnected neurons and glia.

billions

Penelope studies how the structure and function of the nervous system is related to behavior. She is a ________.

biopsychologist

Which of the following higher level processes is not a function of the cerebral cortex? A. breathing B. emotion C. memory D. reasoning

breathing

Dr. Mattar is interested in knowing more about brain injury to the occipital cortex, and he studies patients individually in order to gain in-depth knowledge about their behaviors. These studies would best be described as ________.

case studies

The two major divisions of the nervous system are the ________ and ________.

central; peripheral nervous systems

The ________ receives messages from muscles, tendons, joints, and structures in our ear to control balance, coordination, movement, and motor skills.

cerebellum

Ashya wants to focus on the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and other problematic patterns of behavior. What area of psychology should she work in?

clinical psychology

Hyperpolarization means that the ________.

membrane potential becomes slightly more positive than the resting potential

Which of the following represents a weak positive correlation? A. -0.9 B. 0 C. +0.2 D. +0.9

+0.2

Which correlation coefficient best represents a moderate relationship showing fewer anxiety symptoms in people who report higher life satisfaction? A. -0.5 B. -0.2 C. +0.4 D. +0.7

-0.5

When was psychology accepted as an academic discipline?

1800s

Choose the correct statement: A. A psychiatrist has a Ph.D. and a psychologist has a Psy.D. B. A psychiatrist has an M.D. and a psychologist has an M.A. C. A psychiatrist has an M.D. and a psychologist has a Ph.D. D. A psychiatrist has an M.D. and a psychologist has either a Ph.D. or Psy.D.

A psychiatrist has an M.D. and a psychologist has either a Ph.D. or Psy.D.

Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the case study of Phineas Gage's accident, which led to brain injury? A. Frontal lobe injury causes people to be incapable of controlling their emotional impulses. B. Injury to the brain causes changes in behavior, but specific brain areas are not linked to specific behaviors. C. Injury to the frontal lobe does not affect behavior. D. Injury to the brain causes changes in behavior, and specific brain areas are linked to particular behaviors.

D. Injury to the brain causes changes in behavior, and specific brain areas are linked to particular behaviors.

Which of the following exemplifies the empirical method? A. A student in a psychology class writes his term paper on whether or not fish feel pain. B. A student writes a letter to his professor requesting a change in course policy. C. Dr. Hysock-Witham decides to start her course later because so many students arrive late. D. Dr. Sarkeesian observes and records how watching cartoons influences heart rates.

Dr. Sarkeesian observes and records how watching cartoons influences heart rates.

Rosemary had a stroke about a year ago and now she cannot understand what people are saying to her. This is embarrassing for her, so she responds using vague language and tries to make it appear as though she understands. Which area of Rosemary's brain was likely damaged by the stroke?

Wernicke's area

Who was the first person referred to as a psychologist?

Wilhelm Wundt

Sandra strongly believes that attending daycare is detrimental to children's development so she decides to write her psychology term paper on this topic. She does a literature search and finds several sources supporting her opinion, but she finds that the majority of research indicates that children attending daycare experience healthy development. She writes a paper using the sources that find negative associations with daycare attendance. This is an example of ________.

confirmation bias

Harrison et al. are conducting a study assessing the ability of depressed versus non-depressed participants to remember negative emotions in a short story about a family whose car breaks down. They plan to ask participants to read the story and then make a list of the emotions expressed in the story. Before beginning the study, they make a list of negative emotions (e.g., sadness and anger) that they will record from the participants' responses. In this example, negative emotions are the ________.

dependent variable

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are drugs commonly prescribed for ________.

depression

Ethics need to be considered when ________ scientific research.

designing, conducting, and reviewing

Which of the following research designs will allow cause-and-effect conclusions? A. correlational B. experimental C. quasi-experimental D. survey

experimental

Wendy's mother has blue eyes and her father has brown eyes. The allele for brown eye color is dominant (B) to the allele for blue eye color (b), but Wendy has blue eyes. Therefore, Wendy's ________ must be ________ and her father's must be Bb.

genotype; bb

Which aspect of the scientific method occurs first?

hypothesis

Spurling et al. investigated the effects of two vocabulary learning strategies on word retention two weeks later. In this example, learning strategy is the ________ variable and word retention is the ________ variable.

independent; dependent

________ is the concept that different functions exist in different hemispheres, such as the left hemisphere controlling the right side of the body, and vice versa.

lateralization

The ________ nervous system is responsible for responses such as pupil dilation, increased heart rate, and increased respiration.

sympathetic

The space between two neurons is called the ________.

synapse

The ________ of a neuron contain ________ that house neurotransmitters, the chemical messengers of the nervous system.

terminal buttons; synaptic vesicles

Psychology is a social science discipline. Psychologists scientifically study ________.

the mind and behavior

True or False: Psychology has not true overriding theory that brings the discipline together under one umbrella.

true