PSYCH FINAL Practice #6
The ________ technique involves asking for an unreasonably large request before asking for the small request you are hoping to have granted. a. bait-and-switch b. door-in-the-face c. low-ball d. foot-in-the-door
b. door-in-the-face
Dr. Federico studies how the attitudes held by members of your social group influence your political judgments. Dr. Federico is likely to be a ______________________ psychologist. a. cognitive b. social c. developmental d. personality
b. social
Placebos are used in research to control for ____________________. a. nontreatment effects b. the subjects' expectations about treatment c. secondary drug effects d. random fluctuations in the independent variable
b. the subjects' expectations about treatment
What should a psychologist test to determine whether a given child is in the concrete-operations stage or the formal-operations stage? a. whether the child reaches around a barrier to retrieve a hidden toy b. whether the child understands that an object maintains its weight and volume after its shape changes c. whether the child can distinguish between appearance and reality d. whether the child can answer abstract and hypothetical questions
b. whether the child understands that an object maintains its weight and volume after its shape changes
Over the past decade, the United States has grown increasing divided politically. The internet permits individuals to communicate only with those who support their views, a process that tends to strengthen the dominant positions held by group members. This process is known as ___________. a. groupthink b. social comparison c. group polarization d. social contagion
c. group polarization
A researcher claimed that he had successfully cultured a type of bacteria that could generate heat from trash. However, no other researchers have been able to culture the same bacteria, even when they follow the same steps. So the claim made by this researcher violates which of the principles of scientific thinking? a. Falsifiability b. Occam's razor c. Correlation is not causation d. Replicability
d. Replicability
The Big Five personality traits are identified across data sets, and across race and ethnicities, the old and young, and men and women. This evidence indicates that ____________________. a. the Big Five model is useful for predicting human behavior. b. the Big Five model is rarely applicable to understanding personality. c. the Big Five model reveals an objective reality. d. the Big Five model is basic to our understanding of personality
d. the Big Five model is basic to our understanding of personality
When you look out your window, you see your neighbor walking towards you. Her image on your retina becomes "bigger," but you know that she is not actually growing bigger as she walks towards you. In your mind, she remains constant due to _____________. a. lightness constancy b. shape constancy c. color constancy d. size constancy
d. size constancy
As described in lecture, deductive reasoning is used when you: a. infer the next number in a Fibonacci series such as 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, ___. b. form a hypothesis about behavior based on many specific observations c. solve a verbal analogy such as "mad is to maid as far is to ____." d. solve a math proof
d. solve a math proof
The registration of sensory input without conscious awareness refers to ______________________. a. a just noticeable difference b. a superimposed stimulus c. a false alarm d. subliminal perception
d. subliminal perception
Wernicke's area is found primarily in the _______________ suggesting that understanding speech is a form of object recognition. a. prefrontal cortex b. occipital lobe c. parietal lobe d. temporal lobe
d. temporal lobe
Which Type A personality characteristic is the key trait that is linked to heart disease? a. Hostility b. Competitiveness c. Compulsiveness d. Chronic irritability
a. Hostility
What is the Flynn Effect? a. Average IQ increases with each generation. b. When given any personality feedback, people tend to think it describes them well. c. As hunger and thirst increase, higher order motivations become less powerful. d. Moral emotions tend to be more powerful than other types of emotions.
a. Average IQ increases with each generation.
Which of the following statements would NOT be characteristic of the thinking style of someone with depression? a. I need to study harder to prepare for my next exam in Psy 1001. How can I find the time to do that? b. If I get less than 80% on this exam, I'll never be successful at anything. c. I always do badly on multiple choice exams, and I'll never get better. d. If I don't get 90% or better on my Psy 1001 exam, it will be a catastrophe.
a. I need to study harder to prepare for my next exam in Psy 1001. How can I find the time to do that?
________ is any change in an organism's behavior or thinking brought about by experience or practice. a. Learning b. Adaptation c. Memory enhancement d. Accommodation
a. Learning
________ theory proposes that we acquire our attitudes by observing our behaviors. a. Self-perception b. Impression management c. Implicit egotism d. Cognitive dissonance
a. Self-perception
Which of the following statements is true? a. Stereotypes stem from adaptive psychological processes that help us streamline information processing. b. Unprejudiced people don't hold stereotypes of minority groups and prejudiced people do. c. Overcoming stereotypes is easy. d. Stereotypes are always negative.
a. Stereotypes stem from adaptive psychological processes that help us streamline information processing.
Transduction refers to ___________________. a. The process of converting environmental energy into neural information. b. Interpreting neural information in the brain. c. How the brain registers difference in intensity between two signals. d. The inferences that the brain makes in the process of sensation and perception.
a. The process of converting environmental energy into neural information.
Dr. Forest is "old school." He believes that there is no such thing as "sort of" having schizophrenia. In his opinion, either someone has schizoyphrenia or does not have it. Period. Evidently Dr Forest _______________________. a. agrees with an approach to the diagnosis of mental disorders that uses categorical classification. b. disagrees with an approach that uses categorical classification of mental disorders. c. uses the diathesis-stress approach to classifying mental disorders. d. agrees with a dimensional approach to the classification of disorders
a. agrees with an approach to the diagnosis of mental disorders that uses categorical classification.
If a person makes a judgment based on how easy it is for an instance to come to mind, he or she may fall victim to the a. availability heuristic. b. belief perseverance effect. c. hindsight bias. d. representativeness heuristic.
a. availability heuristic.
Abnormalities at norepinephrine and serotonin synapses appear to play a role in which of the following? a. depression b. increased appetite c. high anxiety d. hyperactivity
a. depression
At a crowded park, Kayla sees an old man clutching his heart and stumbling. If Kayla assumes that someone else will help the old man, she is experiencing the phenomenon known as a. diffusion of responsibility b. social loafing c. pluralistic ignorance d. evaluation apprehension
a. diffusion of responsibility
One sign of abnormality is when a person engages in behavior that creates a great deal of emotional discomfort or __________. a. distress b. deviance c. danger d. disfunction
a. distress
The thalamus... a. is the relay station to which sensory information goes first for most senses (vision, hearing, touch, taste.) b. plays a key role in arousal. c. is involved in emotion and motivation. d. conveys signals between the brain and the body.
a. is the relay station to which sensory information goes first for most senses (vision, hearing, touch, taste.)
Harlow conducted his research on children's attachments to their mothers using ___________. a. monkeys b. dogs c. turtles d. humans
a. monkeys
Renée Baillargeon found that babies can remember a block that is out of their sight much earlier than Piaget theorized. Her research looks at the question of _______________. a. object permanence b. centration c. reversibility d. egocentrism
a. object permanence
The symptoms of ________ are often mistaken for those of a heart attack. a. panic attacks b. obsessive-compulsive disorder c. posttraumatic stress disorder d. generalized anxiety disorder
a. panic attacks
In which of the lobes of the cerebrum is the somatosensory cortex located? a. parietal b. temporal c. occipital d. frontal
a. parietal
Anecdotal evidence consists of _______________________. a. personal stories about specific incidents and experiences b. general information that has little direct bearing on the issue under consideration c. statistical information that has been altered to support a specific point of view d. information that is gathered from a variety of sources
a. personal stories about specific incidents and experiences
Some theorists believe that a sort of "executive control system," which is responsible for monitoring, directing, and organizing thought processes, is housed in the ___________________. a. prefrontal cortex b. hindbrain c. medial forebrain bundle d. corpus callosum
a. prefrontal cortex
During the lecture, this picture from the 1950s--of a grandfather cradling an infant dressed up as a member of the Klu Klux Klan--was used to illustrate the point that ... a. prejudice and discrimination can result from conformity to traditional norms b. racial attitudes are associated with cognitive dissonance c. all white Southerners are authoritarians d. race relations in the US have come a long way
a. prejudice and discrimination can result from conformity to traditional norms
As a requirement of her Medieval Cities class, Anna and three others have to make a presentation. Anna is struggling with another class (Calculus 2) and, since the presentation is a group grade, she decides to let the other group members do most of the work. In this situation, Anna is engaged in the phenomena that Social Psychologists call ________. a. social loafing b. cognitive dissonance c. conformity d. the bystander effect
a. social loafing
When evaluating hypotheses, the criterion of parsimony (or Occam's razor) states that the _____________________. a. the best explanation is the one that accounts for findings without adding unnecessary elements. b. multiple lines of research have similar findings c. the hypothesis must be stated in a way that it can be rejected d. the data must be obtained via publicly verifiable methods
a. the best explanation is the one that accounts for findings without adding unnecessary elements.
When you dial a 1-800 number to get some technical help, you are put in a queue and are forced to listen to terrible muzak while waiting for the first available agent. Sometimes you have to wait as many as fifteen minutes to speak to an agent, sometimes as little as ten seconds, sometimes you just hang up without getting the help you need. Waiting to speak to the agent is an example of which type of schedule of reinforcement? a. variable-interval b. fixed-interval c. variable-ratio d. fixed-ratio
a. variable-interval
When searching for differences between these two scenes, which of the following statements best describes how participants from the United States (an Individualistic culture) responded? a. American students preferred to solve the problem independently. b. American students focused on objects that they associated with airports such as windows, doors, and landing gear. c. American students paid more attention to spatial orientation, objects and context. d. American students spotted differences more quickly than Japanese students.
b. American students focused on objects that they associated with airports such as windows, doors, and landing gear.
During a break in one of her favorite TV shows, Kamala sees an ad for a shampoo that she hasn't tried before. She admires the luxurious, glossy locks of the beautiful models and decides, effortlessly and unconsciously, to buy that shampoo. In this case Kamala is using what type of processing? a. Controlled b. Automatic c. Bottom-up d. Top-down
b. Automatic
According to Albert Ellis, many psychological problems result from: a. An unintegrated set of gestalts b. Catastrophic thinking about oneself or ones life conditions c. Conditions of worth that are imposed on us by others d. Unconscious motivational conflicts
b. Catastrophic thinking about oneself or ones life conditions
The form of sensory memory that lasts about .5 seconds is a. implicit memory b. Iconic memory c. working memory d. echoic memory
b. Iconic memory
When comparing the effect of culture on the likelihood of making the Fundamental Attribution Error, which of the following is true? a. Individuals from a Individualistic culture such as the United States are significantly less likely to make the Fundamental Attribution Error. b. Individuals from a Collectivist culture such as India are less likely to make the Fundamental Attribution Error. c. Individuals from a Collectivist culture such as India are significantly more likely to make the Fundamental Attribution Error. d. Members of Collectivist and Individualistic cultures make the Fundamental Attribution Error at the same rate, about 40%
b. Individuals from a Collectivist culture such as India are less likely to make the Fundamental Attribution Error.
Akosua is talking to her advisor about her career goals. An excellent and hard-working student with particular ability in the biological sciences, Akosua is interested in how drugs can be used to help individuals with severe mental disorders (such as bipolar disorder, schizophrenia or various anxiety disorders) function in daily life. Given her interests and abilities, obtaining which of the following degrees seems best for Akosua? a. Psy.D. b. M.D. c. Ph.D. d. M.SW.
b. M.D.
Maria has been preparing the tune, "Somewhere over the rainbow," for her ukelele master class. She has practiced and practiced until she can play through at tempo without making mistakes. Tomorrow she will play this tune in front of a dozen other students. How will it go for her? a. Social facilitation suggests that she will make more mistakes in the presence of others. b. Social facilitation suggests that she will make fewer mistakes in the presence of others. c. Social loafing suggests that she will make more mistakes in the presence of others d. Social loafing suggests that she will make fewer mistakes in the presence of others.
b. Social facilitation suggests that she will make fewer mistakes in the presence of others.
Trish is feeling fantastic. She is racing about, full of energy, highly talkative and having an intensely good time. She is full of goals and plans, her brain just races with grandiose ideas. When her friends bring her to an emergency room because she hasn't slept in days, the doctor diagnoses Trish as having _________________. a. panic disorder b. a manic episode. c. tardive dyskinesia d. a schizophrenic episode.
b. a manic episode.
When you take your exam in S121 Elliott, you have to follow certain instructions: first, log into the computer. Then log into the lockdown browser and indicate Moodle 2. Then log into your moodle account. Then, open the Psy 1001 website. Then scroll down to find the exam 2 (or click on section link 10). This step-by-step procedure which allows you to successfully navigate to the exam is best described as _____________. a. inductive reasoning b. an algorithm c. deductive reasoning d. an heuristic
b. an algorithm
During lecture, Psy 1001 students saw an experiment in which participants were told either that they would experience intense and painful shocks or mild shocks that were not painful. Then, while waiting for the shock treatment, participants answered survey questions on whether they would like to spend time waiting alone or with another person. In this study, the questionnaire that students completed served __________________. a. as the independent variable. b. as the dependent variable. c. to randomly assign participants to groups. d. as experimental control.
b. as the dependent variable.
The subdivision of the peripheral nervous system that consists of nerves that control all of the involuntary muscles, organs, and glands is called the ________ nervous system. a. somatic b. autonomic c. sympathetic d. parasympathetic
b. autonomic
Lisa Simpson is introverted, conscientious, agreeable and very open to experience. She seeks out environments in which she can express these characteristics. For example, she choose to join the school band. In return, her band director, who recognizes Lisa's interest in music, her willingness to meet challenges, to practice her saxophone and develop her skill, gives Lisa opportunities to perform as a soloist during concerts. Thus, Lisa's experiences influence her development, but her development also influences what she experiences. This two-way street illustrates what Developmental Psychologists call ____________________. a. the "great debate" b. bidirectional influences c. an idiographic approach d. Theory of Mind
b. bidirectional influences
The difference between conformity and obedience is a. nonexistent since there is no difference. b. conformity is influence from peers or colleagues and obedience is influence from authority. c. conformity occurs to most anything while obedience is unquestioning devotion to a single cause d. conformity is the result of inoculation while obedience is the result of fear.
b. conformity is influence from peers or colleagues and obedience is influence from authority.
As discussed by Dr. Fletcher, the "function" of long term memory is to: a. provide a cognitive "workspace" on which to write new information. b. connect previous experiences with new experiences. c. register every environmental stimulus for its pleasure or pain potential. d. filter out incoming information which is not meaningful.
b. connect previous experiences with new experiences.
JB Watson trained sweet Little Albert to fear his pet rat by making a loud thunderclap noise just after Albert saw the rat. At first, when he heard the loud thunderclap, Albert would cry in alarm. Eventually, when seeing the rat, Albert would cry in fear. In this example, the conditioned response was: a. the rat. b. fear at the pet rat. c. the loud thunderclap. d. alarm at the loud thunderclap.
b. fear at the pet rat.
Researcher Eric Kandel discovered that when he tapped a certain body spot Aplysia, a sea slug, one time, the slug would retract its gills in a defensive maneuver. However, when Kandel touched the same spot repeatedly, the slug would eventually ignore the stimulus. This change in response demonstrates _____. a. extinction b. habituation c. acquisition d. sensitization
b. habituation
As described in lecture, converging lines of evidence support the hypothesis that one brain area is particularly associated with episodic memory. One of these findings is that London taxi cab drivers_____________________________ the longer they have been driving: a. have less activation in their amygdala b. have more activation in their hippocampus c. have more activation in their amygdala d. have less activation in their hippocampus
b. have more activation in their hippocampus
Imagine that biologists have discovered an animal that has eyes very similar to human eyes, except the only receptor cells in its retina are rods; there are no cones. Based on what is known about human vision you might expect that this animal would ___________________. a. be able to detect extremely fine details b. have no color vision c. have poor peripheral vision d. have poor vision in low illumination
b. have no color vision
Randeep had been studying hard for a while in the Lind Hall library for an upcoming Psychology exam. When his friend Annelise came over and said hello, his heart rate decreased, he stretched back in his chair, he gave her a big smile, and said "I'm so happy to see you!" According to Dr. Gewirtz's definition, when Randeep's saw his friend, the somatic aspect of his emotional response is that _________________________. a. he said, "I am so happy to see you." b. he gave her a big smile c. he felt relief. d. his heart rate decreased
b. he gave her a big smile
Dave is a Red Sox fan. He intensely dislikes the Yankees. He celebrates with glee every time the Red Sox win and when the Yankees lose. This is an example of a. discrimination. b. in-group bias. c. adaptive conservatism. d. prejudice.
b. in-group bias.
The form of memory that sustains sensations long enough for identification is known as __________________ memory. a. semantic b. sensory c. working d. short-term
b. sensory
On occasion, Priscilla, the cute dog, arrives at her water dish only to discover that her owner has forgotten to fill it. When this happens, Priscilla has learned to bark and clatter her metal water dish noisily against the floor with her paw. The commotion brings her owner, the owner fills the water dish, and Priscilla is able to drink. Priscilla's owner has learned that filling Priscilla's water dish will remove her irritating barking in the process of ______________. a. positive reinforcement b. negative reinforcement c. positive punishment d. negative punishment
b. negative reinforcement
Someone who comes from a culture that uses Analytical thinking is more likely to ____________________. a. emphasize their duties and obligations. b. pay attention to just the central figure in a scene. c. pay attention to both the central figure and the context when looking at a scene. d. look for how he or she is like other people.
b. pay attention to just the central figure in a scene.
Kate and her sister, Amy, are planning Thanksgiving dinner for 18 people. Of course, they will have the traditional turkey (with the family sage stuffing), mashed potatoes and gravy with cranberry-orange relish. But this year half the guests are vegetarian. So they are planning to make a savory walnut pie, wild rice and a Middle Eastern squash dish. And now that Kate's daughter has decided to avoid everything gluten, Kate and Amy are planning to make everyone's favorite pie--cherry, pecan, apple, pumpkin, mock mincemeat--with gluten-free crusts. Given their good-natured cooperation with everyone's meal preferences and their curiosity about trying new and unfamiliar recipes, you might expect them to __________________________________________ on BFAS scales. a. score low on neuroticism and high on extraversion b. score high on agreeableness and high on openness c. score high on conscientiousness and high on openness d. score low on neuroticism and high on extraversion
b. score high on agreeableness and high on openness
Dr. Therapy treated 32 patients with depression with his new counseling technique. After one month, he found they had all improved so he concludes that his new technique is effective. In failing to consider other explanations for their improvement, Dr Therapy has violated which of the six principles of scientific thinking? a. Falsifiability b. Replicability c. Ruling out rival hypotheses d. Occam's razor
c. Ruling out rival hypotheses
The goal of psychoanalysis is: a. To use hypnotism to cure psychological disorders b. To provide unconditional positive regard for the client c. To give the patient insight into their unconscious processes d. To reduce the individual's catastrophic thinking
c. To give the patient insight into their unconscious processes
Gina wants a glass of milk but all the glasses are in the sink waiting to be washed. She finds a clean empty fruit jar and pours milk into it. Gina was able to help herself by altering her idea of "glass" to something more compatible with experience in the process known as __________________. a. desensitization. b. assimilation c. accommodation. d. habituation.
c. accommodation.
Zimbardo concluded from his Stanford prison study that after prisoners and guards had been assigned roles that deemphasized their individuality, they adopted their designated roles more easily than anyone might have imagined as a consequence of ______________. a. obedience b. conformity c. deindividuation d. influence
c. deindividuation
Which of the following is the correct sequence of information flow within the neuron? a. dendrites to synapse to axon b. glia to dendrites to axon. c. dendrites to soma to axon. d. axon to soma to dendrites.
c. dendrites to soma to axon.
When a certain young man enters the room, Vivian becomes very animated and lively. She does not behave this way around other young men. A behavioral psychologist might observe that the certain young man serves as a _____________________ for Vivian's behavior. a. positive reinforcer b. conditioned reinforcer c. discriminative stimulus d. conditioned stimulus
c. discriminative stimulus
Wendy is walking down the street when she suddenly falls down and lands squarely on her backside. A group of girls standing about 50 feet away start laughing hysterically, telling each other what a klutz that Wendy is. The unsympathetic girls in this group are making a/an __________ attribution to explain why Wendy fell down. a. positive b. situational c. dispositional d. negative
c. dispositional
When they meet new people, Emma tends to be reserved and quiet whereas Jane tends to be outgoing and talkative. In all situations, in fact, Emma tends to be more reserved and Jane tends to be more outgoing. The observation that people react differently to the same situation refers to __________ of personality. a. universality b. consistency c. distinctiveness d. consequence
c. distinctiveness
As discussed in lecture, the neurotransmitter released by rewarding stimuli is ________________. a. DCS b. norepinephrine c. dopamine d. GABA
c. dopamine
What is the motivation of the cognitive miser? a. accuracy b. self-esteem c. efficiency d. dissonance reduction
c. efficiency (?)
Both phobias and PTSD can be effectively treated with ____________. a. dopamine antagonists b. the use of fear-potentiated startle therapy c. exposure therapy d. psychoanalysis
c. exposure therapy
As described in lecture, people are slow to solve Duncker's candle problem because they can see only one use for a "box of tacks" instead of imagining a new use for the box separate from the tacks. This inability to see a novel use for a familiar object is known as: a. linguistic relativity b. linguistic determinism c. functional fixedness d. memory distortion
c. functional fixedness
As described in lecture, an IAPS picture of a snake attacking you would likely be rated as: a. high on the arousal dimension, high on the pleasure (valence) dimension. b. low on the arousal dimension, high on the pleasure (valence) dimension. c. high on the arousal dimension, low on the pleasure (valence) dimension. d. low on the arousal dimension, low on the pleasure (valence) dimension.
c. high on the arousal dimension, low on the pleasure (valence) dimension.
When an _________ message reaches the dendrites of a neuron, the cell becomes more negative and the likelihood that a nerve impulse will occur is _________________. a. excitatory...increased b. excitatory...decreased c. inhibitory...decreased d. inhibitory... increased
c. inhibitory...decreased
The confirmation bias a. refers to how decision issues are posed, and how choices are structured. b. is the tendency to stick to ones initial beliefs even when evidence contradicts them c. is the tendency to only seek information that is likely to support one's decisions and beliefs. d. refers to the tendency to overestimate the frequency of events based on how easy it to remember examples of that event.
c. is the tendency to only seek information that is likely to support one's decisions and beliefs.
None of Keith's friends would call him "tidy." He leaves his stuff around--clothes, food, gear, books, papers--but the mess doesn't seem to bother him. Interestingly, the disorder in his room is mirrored in how he manages his time. He dislikes routines, and even when he is facing a deadline, he finds it difficult to get down to work and is easily distracted. Given this pattern, if Keith took the BFAS, he would likely ___________________. a. high on Agreeableness b. high on Neuroticism c. low on Conscientiousness d. low on Extraversion
c. low on Conscientiousness
Jani is an 18-year old college freshman. During the past month, she has missed most of her classes because she has trouble getting out of bed in the morning. She can't concentrate, and she isn't doing her homework. She blames herself for all this; She is convinced that she is too stupid and lazy to do ever do well in college, and she is going to fail in everything she tries. Jani's symptoms are most consistent with those seen in: a. disorganized schizophrenia. b. bipolar disorder. c. major depressive disorder. d. generalized anxiety disorder.
c. major depressive disorder.
When the hypothalamus receives signals of fear, the sympathetic nervous system activates ____________________ which secretes the stress hormones epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine. a. nucleus accumbens b. the amygdala c. the adrenal gland d. the hippocampus
c. the adrenal gland
When a dog eats food, the food automatically and always produces saliva. In classical conditioning, this automatic reflex is known as the __________________. a. behavior--consequence b. discriminative stimulus -- behavior c. unconditioned stimulus -- unconditioned response d. conditioned stimulus -- conditioned response
c. unconditioned stimulus -- unconditioned response
All of the following conclusions were reached based on the Milgram study EXCEPT... a. people with high levels of authoritarianism are more likely to comply with the experimenter's demands. b. morally advanced subjects are more willing to defy the experimenter. c. there were no differences between males and females. d. Americans were more likely to obey the experimenter's commands than non-Americans.
d. Americans were more likely to obey the experimenter's commands than non-Americans.
Which of the following behaviors would be classified as a negative symptom of schizophrenia? a. Margaret believes that she is the daughter of the President of the United States. b. Gerald exhibits disorganized speech when he explains that "people have called me here to kill me, to electrocute me for the sins I've done. I'm so scared that the picture has a headache." c. Rick hears voices commenting on his every action. d. Ari lacks interest in just about all things--friendship, work, hobbies, dating--and he isn't bothered by the fact that he isn't working and has no goals.
d. Ari lacks interest in just about all things--friendship, work, hobbies, dating--and he isn't bothered by the fact that he isn't working and has no goals.
The split brain effect is demonstrated in patients who have undergone surgery on their ______________. a. Broca's area b. Cerebellum c. Wernicke's area d. Corpus callosum
d. Corpus callosum
Which of the following is NOT one of the main attachment styles? a. Avoidant b. Anxious c. Secure d. Depressed
d. Depressed
Janelle is a 23-year old woman who is living happily in the United States. She has a relative who recently developed the symptoms of schizophrenia. Janelle has the highest chance of developing the illness if that relative is a. Jameson, her 23-year old fraternal twin b. Jamie, her 52-year old biological mother c. Jerivicious, her 75-year old grandmother d. Janette, her 23-year old identical twin
d. Janette, her 23-year old identical twin
Which of the following would be an example of an obsession? a. Every time Jane locks her front door, she tests the knob 17 times, to make sure it is well and truly locked. b. Despite evidence to the contrary, Jake is convinced that the government agents--"men in black"--are looking for him. c. Mike hears voices whispering in his head. d. Mary is distressed because she just can't stop thinking about all the germs in her environment that might make her dirty.
d. Mary is distressed because she just can't stop thinking about all the germs in her environment that might make her dirty.
Homelessness and substance abuse are positively correlated. In the USA, policy analysts argue that alcoholism is a major cause of homelessness. In France, policy analysts argue that having no permanent home causes people to drink too much alcohol. Who is right? a. The Americans b. The French c. Both, since homelessness and substance abuse are positively correlated. d. Neither, since correlation doesn't equal causation
d. Neither, since correlation doesn't equal causation
What category of psychological disorders is characterized by inflexible and maladaptive behavior patterns? a. Dissociative disorders b. Schizophrenia c. Anxiety disorders d. Personality disorders
d. Personality disorders
How does an investigator produce extinction in classical conditioning? a. Punish all responses. b. Present the UCS without the UCR. c. Present the UCS without the CS. d. Present the CS without the UCS.
d. Present the CS without the UCS.
According to Piaget's theory of conservation, if you ask a three-year old child to indicate which of the following arrangement of coins has "more," the child will indicate __________________. i. ooooooo ii. o o o o o ii. o o o o o o a. The child will choose iii. o o o o o o b. The child will choose i. oooooo c. Children do not discriminate between these options at this age. d. The child will choose ii. o o o o o
d. The child will choose ii. o o o o o
A sociologist has a large sample of participants, and gives them a wide variety of surveys and questionnaires that measure political attitudes and beliefs. She conducts a factor analysis and finds that nearly all of the correlation among the measures is explainable by two factors, which she interprets as "fiscal conservatism" and "social conservatism." She concludes that individual differences in political attitudes can be most parsimoniously explained by two independent (unrelated) factors. Which of the following, if TRUE, would most STRENGTHEN her conclusion? a. Several of her measures only weakly correlate with the rest of her measures b. The two factors are themselves highly correlated c. Many of her measures have high loadings (correlations) on both factors d. The two factors are themselves nearly uncorrelated
d. The two factors are themselves nearly uncorrelated
Gerald was certain that the doctors who were trying to help him were intending electrocute me for the sins he had done. This fixed false belief is an example of ____________. a. alogia b. an hallucination c. asociality d. a delusion
d. a delusion
On Zach's first day at the University, he stopped by the Bookstore to buy the textbooks he needs for his classes. Even though he has never been to this particular bookstore before, he already knows a great deal about bookstores and shopping. He is able to find his textbooks and pay for them at the check-out counter. Zach's knowledge of how to find and purchase books in a store is due to the organized knowledge structure known as ____________. a. procedural memory. b. semantic memory. c. a mental set. d. a schema.
d. a schema.
Research indicates that, across cultures, people usually identify six basic emotions when looking at facial cues in photographs. Which of the following is NOT one of those six emotions? a. fear b. anger c. happiness d. contentment
d. contentment
Jake has been diagnosed with anxiety. A Psychoanalyst would attribute its origin to which of the following: a. conditions of worth that have been placed upon Jake by his family. b. rewards and punishment delivered by his environment. c. how Jake interprets his experiences. d. deep-seated conflicts in his unconscious mind.
d. deep-seated conflicts in his unconscious mind.
In terms of social cognition, members of an In-group tend to view themselves as ________________ Out-group members. a. less prejudiced than b. more similar than c. superior to d. more diverse than
d. more diverse than
The evolutionary function of attachment that keeps an infant close to its caregiver is known as ________________. a. safe haven b. parsimony c. secure base d. proximity
d. proximity
According to the authors, the key criteria for evaluating personality assessments are a. objectivity and reliability. b. objectivity and validity. c. reliability and objectivity. d. reliability and validity.
d. reliability and validity.
Sherif's "Robbers Cave" experiment demonstrated that prejudice can be reduced by a. engaging all members in competitive play. b. engaging each team against each other in a tournament. c. getting boys within each group to form strong bonds within the group. d. requiring the groups to cooperate to achieve a goal.
d. requiring the groups to cooperate to achieve a goal.
The voltage of -60 (or -70) millivolts is known as the neuron's __________________. a. postsynaptic potential. b. graded potential. c. action potential. d. resting potential.
d. resting potential.
As discussed in lectures and discussion sections, models of intelligence that include "g" are based on the observation that: a. people can excel at one thing and be quite average on another. b. some children are at high risk of failing in school. c. some people have more and better schooling than others. d. scores on various tests of mental ability tend to correlate positively.
d. scores on various tests of mental ability tend to correlate positively.
The retina at the back of our eye is a flat, curved structure, and yet, when light falls on our two-dimensional retinas, our brain interprets what we see as having three dimensions, thanks to _______________. a. depth perception b. visual acuity c. perceptual constancy d. sensory accommodation
d. sensory accommodation
According to the linguistic relativity hypothesis __________________. a. the number of words a language has for a concept will not affect how the concept is remembered for the users of the language. b. the number of words a language has for a concept will not affect how the concept is perceived for the users of the language. c. the number of words a language has for a concept is not related to the concepts importance to the users of the language. d. the number of words a language has for a concept is an indication of the concepts importance to the users of the language
d. the number of words a language has for a concept is an indication of the concepts importance to the users of the language
